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HomeMy WebLinkAboutOctober 14, 2024 | Special Meeting (Study Session) CITY OF HERMOSA BEACH CITY COUNCIL POST-MEETING SPECIAL—STUDY SESSION AGENDA Call and Notice of Special Meeting: LIVING STREETS STUDY SESSION Monday, October 14, 2024 Closed Session at 5:00 PM—Study Session at 7:00 PM Council Chambers 1315 Valley Drive Hermosa Beach, CA 90254 CITY COUNCIL Dean Francois, Mayor Rob Saemann, Mayor Pro Tem Mike Detoy, Councilmember Ray Jackson, Councilmember Justin Massey, Councilmember Karen Nowicki, City Treasurer APPOINTED OFFICIALS Suja Lowenthal, City Manager Patrick Donegan, City Attorney EXECUTIVE TEAM Brandon Walker, Administrative Services Director Myra Maravilla, City Clerk Carrie Tai, Community Development Director Lisa Nichols, Community Resources Director Angela Crespi, Deputy City Manager Paul LeBaron, Police Chief Joe SanClemente, Public Works Director AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990 To comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Assistive Listening Devices (ALD) are available for check out at the meeting. If you require special assistance to participate in this meeting, you must call or submit your request in writing to the Office of the City Clerk at (310) 318-0204 or at cityclerk@hermosabeach.gov at least 48 hours before the meeting. PARTICIPATION AND VIEWING OPTIONS Hermosa Beach City Council meetings are open to the public and are being held in person in the City Hall Council Chambers located at 1315 Valley Drive, Hermosa Beach, CA 90254. Public comment is only guaranteed to be taken in person at City Hall during the meeting or prior to the meeting by submitting an eComment for an item on the agenda. As a courtesy only, the public may view and participate on action items listed on the agenda via the following: Zoom: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89968207828? pwd=bXZmWS83dmxHWDZLbWRTK2RVaUxaUT092 • Phone: Toll Free: (833) 548 0276; Meeting ID: 899 6820 7828, then #; Passcode: 472825 • eComment: Submit an eComment no later than three (3) hours before the meeting start time.• Supplemental Email: Supplemental emails are available for agenda items only and must be sent to cityclerk@hermosabeach.gov. Supplemental emails should indicate the agenda item and meeting date in the subject line and must be received no later than three (3) hours before the meeting start time. Emails received after the deadline but before the meeting ends will be posted to the agenda the next business day. • Please be advised that while the City will endeavor to ensure these remote participation methods are available, the City does not guarantee that they will be technically feasible or work all the time. Further, the City reserves the right to terminate these remote participation methods (subject to Brown Act restrictions) at any time and for whatever reason. Please attend in person or by submitting an eComment to ensure your public participation. Similarly, as a courtesy, the City will also plan to broadcast the meeting via the following listed mediums. However, these are done as a courtesy only and not guaranteed to be technically feasible. Thus, in order to guarantee live time viewing and/or public participation, members of the public shall attend in Council Chambers. Cable TV: Spectrum Channel 8 and Frontier Channel 31 in Hermosa Beach • YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/CityofHermosaBeach90254 • Live Stream: www.hermosabeach.gov/agenda • If you experience technical difficulties while viewing a meeting on any of our digital platforms, please try another viewing option. View City Council staff reports and attachments at www.hermosabeach.gov/agenda. Page 2 of 535 Pages PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the Mayor of the City of Hermosa Beach has called a Special Meeting of the City Council to take place at 5:00 p.m. on Monday, October 14, 2024, to consider and take action on only those matters set forth on the agenda below. 1.CLOSED SESSION—CALL TO ORDER 5:00 PM 2.ROLL CALL 3.CLOSED SESSION PUBLIC COMMENT This public comment period is limited to Closed Session agenda items only. Public comment is limited to three (3) minutes per speaker. 4.RECESS TO CLOSED SESSION 4.a Closed Session Minutes Approval of minutes of Closed Session held on October 8, 2024. 4.b Public Employee Performance Evaluation Government Code Section 54957 Title: City Manager Page 3 of 535 5.STUDY SESSION—CALL TO ORDER 7:00 PM 6.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE 7.ROLL CALL 8.ANNOUNCEMENTS—UPCOMING CITY EVENTS 9.STUDY SESSION PUBLIC COMMENT The public is invited to attend and provide public comment on the Study Session topic only. No general public comment will be taken during the Study Session. Public comments are limited to three minutes per speaker. The time allotted per speaker may be modified due to time constraints at the discretion of the Mayor or City Council. Another period is reserved for public comment on the Study Session topic only during item 9. No action will be taken on matters raised during public comment, except that the Council may take action to schedule issues raised during public comment for a future agenda. Speakers with comments regarding City management or departmental operations are encouraged to submit those comments directly to the City Manager. 10.OPENING REMARKS 11.STUDY SESSION TOPIC 11.a LIVING STREETS STUDY SESSION - 24-PW-037 5 (Public Works Director Joe SanClemente) 12.COUNCIL QUESTIONS 13.STUDY SESSION PUBLIC COMMENT The public is invited to attend and provide public comment on the Study Session topic only. No general public comment will be taken during the Study Session. Public comments are limited to three minutes per speaker. The time allotted per speaker may be modified due to time constraints at the discretion of the Mayor or City Council. Another period is reserved for public comment on the Study Session topic only. No action will be taken on matters raised during public comment, except that the Council may take action to schedule issues raised during public comment for a future agenda. Speakers with comments regarding City management or departmental operations are encouraged to submit those comments directly to the City Manager. 14.COUNCIL DISCUSSION 15.ADJOURNMENT Page 4 of 535 Page 1 of 14 Meeting Date: October 14, 2024 Staff Report No. 24-PW-037 Honorable Mayor and Members of the Hermosa Beach City Council LIVING STREETS STUDY SESSION (Public Works Director Joe SanClemente) Recommended Action: Staff recommends City Council: 1. Receive and provide comment on the Living Streets Study Session; and 2. Provide direction to staff regarding Living Streets as future funding and staff resources allow. Executive Summary: The Living Streets Study Session details the City’s continued commitment towards creating a living street network, as envisioned in the City’s General Plan, PLAN Hermosa, and the City’s future efforts to encourage safe travel for all users within the public right- of-way. The study session format provides an opportunity for staff to update Council and community on the City’s efforts to advance living streets elements in City projects and on the coordination with the South Bay Bicycle Coalition Plus (SBBC+) with its Bicycle Master Plan Update. It is also an opportunity for City Council and the community to discuss and provide feedback on those efforts and make suggestions for improvements in the future. While the focus of the study session is largely on bicyclists, a holistic approach must be considered to balance bicyclist needs with the needs of pedestrians, motorists, and all other users. Background: In 2012, Hermosa Beach was the first city in the United States to adopt a living streets policy that promotes health and mobility for all users by creating streets that are safe, accessible, sustainable, and inviting. The key goals of living streets are:  Provide for the needs of all roadway users—motorists, pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit users—regardless of age or physical abilities;  Enhance safety and security for all users;  Incorporate inviting streetscapes with engaging architecture, street furniture, landscaping, and public art – and foster healthy economic development; Page 5 of 535 Page 2 of 14  Integrate sustainability and conservation principles addressing water, energy, materials, waste, plant life and other resources; and  Design for the community with beautification elements and amenities and encourage active and healthy lifestyles. The City furthered its commitment to living streets principles in the City’s 2017 General Plan, PLAN Hermosa. The General Plan details the City’s long-term vision for the creation of a comprehensive and safe multi-modal transportation system, critical to fulfill Hermosa Beach’s growing desire for additional transportation choices and acknowledges its inability to widen streets for more vehicles and parking due to its narrow street rights-of- way. The creation of a high-quality multi-modal transportation network provides a range of economic, health, sustainability, and safety benefits, which all contribute toward an improved quality of life in Hermosa Beach. In 2018, staff worked in collaboration with the Beach Cities Health District, Redondo Beach, and Manhattan Beach, and the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) to create the draft Beach Cities Living Streets Design Manual and the Aviation Boulevard Multimodal Corridor Plan. The draft Design Manual was based on the Los Angeles County Model Design Manual for Living Streets, but tailored and updated for the local beach cities. The effort included three public workshops and the development of conceptual design alternatives for the incorporation of living streets elements, such as protected bike lanes, enhanced landscaping, and pedestrian amenities. The manual was presented to the Hermosa Beach City Council on October 29, 2018 as part of a Special Multi-Agency Meeting held in conjunction with the cities of Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, and the Board of Directors of the Beach Cities Health District. The City continues to work towards implementing living streets design elements in projects throughout the City; however the rapid rise of electric bikes (e-bikes) in recent years has resulted in increased community concerns regarding bike safety and sidewalk riding as the demand for e-bikes has outpaced the ability to create appropriate infrastructure to accommodate them. In 2022, the City launched the Bike Smart Hermosa safety campaign, in an effort to help address these concerns and prevent bicycle and e- bike collisions and injuries through a balanced approach, combining engineering, traffic enforcement, and educational outreach on cycling safety. However, without providing a complete, connected, and safe bicycle network, enforcement efforts will continue to have limited effectiveness as the demand for both bicycles and e-bikes remains strong. According to the 2021 Route Refinement Study for a South Bay Local Travel Network, completed by the South Bay Cities Council of Governments, most vehicle trips, or about 70 percent, made in the South Bay are less than three miles in length; many of these trips could potentially be accommodated by bicycle if appropriate infrastructure were in place. Past Board, Commission, and Council Actions Page 6 of 535 Page 3 of 14 Meeting Date Description September 14, 2011 Public Works Commission recommended the adoption of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan to City Council. October 25, 2011 Adoption of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan December 11, 2012 A resolution of the City Council of the City of Hermosa Beach, California, Adopting a Living Streets Policy for the City of Hermosa Beach October 29, 2018 Study Session: Presentation regarding the Beach Cities Living Streets Design Manual as part of the Caltrans Transportation Planning Grant: Beach Cities Living Street Design Manual & Aviation Boulevard Multimodal Corridor Plan March 31, 2022 Consideration of taking action and giving direction not staff on items from the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Study Session June 4, 2024 Adoption of an urgency ordinance of the City of Hermosa Beach, California adding Section 10.12.175 to the Hermosa Beach Municipal Code regarding safety and operational regulations related to electric/motorized bicycles in the City Discussion: Past Bike Planning Efforts In 2011, the City adopted the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan (SBBMP) created by the South Bay Bicycle Coalition (SBBC) in partnership with the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and seven cities of the South Bay including Hermosa Beach, El Segundo, Gardena, Lawndale, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance. The SBBMP outlined over 200 miles of a regional bicycle network and proposed a series of interconnected bikeways, bike parking facilities, and associated programs and policies throughout the seven cities. The SBBMP is included in Attachment 1 and shows the proposed bike network in Hermosa Beach. Many elements of the SBBMP were later incorporated into PLAN Hermosa with some additions including a greater emphasis on east-west connections and identification of multi-use path connections to parks, schools, and other key destinations. Attachment 2 illustrates the Intended Bicycle and Multi-use Facilities from PLAN Hermosa covering approximately 25.7 linear lane miles that included five different facility categories as summarized in the table below. Page 7 of 535 Page 4 of 14 Bicycle and Multi-use Facility Categories Considered in PLAN Hermosa Type Caltrans Classification1 Description Multi-use Path Class I A two-way facility separated from motor vehicles (adjacent to or independent of roadways) for use by pedestrians, joggers, skaters, and bicyclists. Shared Roadway No designation A street segment that functions as a space for multiple users and intermittently as a gathering space, without delineations for each mode. Bike Lane Class II Bike lanes, or buffered bike lanes, provide preferential or exclusive use of a portion of the roadway for bicyclists through striping or markings. Sharrows Class III Sharrows combine bicycle stencils with chevrons placed in the center of a travel lane. They bring awareness to drivers that bicycles share the lane and “may use full lane.” Bike Boulevard Class III Bike boulevards allow bicyclists and motorists to share the same travel lanes to facilitate safe and convenient bicycle travel. They are low-volume streets optimized for bicyclists and pedestrians and typically treated with traffic calming features. 1. Highway Design Manual (HDM), 7th Edition, Caltrans. 2. Per the HDM, sidewalks are not Class I bikeways, because they are primarily intended to serve pedestrians, generally cannot meet the design standards for Class I bikeways, and do not minimize vehicle cross flows. Class IV facilities, also referred to as separated bikeways, protected bike lanes, or cycle tracks, were not considered in the City’s bicycle plan as it predated their formal introduction to California. The Protected Bikeways Act of 2014 established Class IV Bikeways for California and required the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to establish design criteria for separated bikeways. This Design Information Bulletin (DIB) was released in 2018, and amended in 2022, providing design criteria and other general design guidance on best practices related to separated facilities. The facility classifications are generally not considered to be a hierarchy of one preferred over the other as each has its application. However, as detailed in the 2011 South Bay Bicycle Master Plan and the Beach Cities Living Streets Design Manual, based on a classification system developed by the City of Portland, Oregon, bicyclists can generally be categorized into four different user types that may be more, or less, willing to ride in certain bicycle facility types and will depend on the actual level of stress of any particular segment on that travel path: Page 8 of 535 Page 5 of 14  Strong and Fearless—Bicyclists who will ride anywhere regardless of roadway conditions. These bicyclists can ride faster than other user types, prefer direct routes, and will typically choose roadways, even if shared with vehicles, over separate bicycle facilities such as paths. Very low percentage of the population (<1 percent).  Enthused and Confident—This group encompasses intermediate cyclists who are mostly comfortable riding on all types of bicycle facilities but will usually prefer low traffic streets, bike lanes, or separate paths when available. They may deviate from a more direct route in favor of a preferred facility type. This group includes commuters, utilitarian cyclists, and recreational riders, and probably represents about 7 percent of the population.  Interested but Concerned—This user type makes up the bulk (likely between half and two-thirds) of the cycling or potential cycling population. They are cyclists who typically ride only on low traffic streets or paths under favorable conditions and weather. They perceive traffic and safety as significant barriers towards increased use of cycling. These cyclists may become “Enthused and Confident” with encouragement, education, and experience (about 60 percent of the population).  No Way, No How—People in this category are not cyclists; they perceive severe safety issues with riding in traffic and will never ride a bicycle under any circumstances. But some may eventually give cycling a second look and may progress to the user types above. This group likely composes something between a quarter and a third of the population. Existing Bicycle Network Currently only approximately 25 percent of the intended network is fully in place or has been enhanced beyond what was originally proposed in PLAN Hermosa. This group of segments is largely comprised of pre-existing facilities such as The Strand and other bike infrastructure on Hermosa Avenue north of 24th Street. This group of segments also includes the bicycle lanes that were added in the downtown area in 2021 along Pier Avenue between Valley Drive and Hermosa Avenue and along Hermosa Avenue between 10th Street and 14th Street and represent enhanced facilities versus those originally proposed in PLAN Hermosa which called only for sharrows at those locations. There are also several other segments that are partially complete, bringing the amount of the intended network that is partially complete up to approximately 56 percent. Partially complete segments include segments such as Prospect Avenue that received sharrow markings and signage in 2024 as a first step towards establishing the roadway as a north- south bicycle corridor; however, the plan calls for future installation of buffered bike lanes. Other segments, such as the proposed bike boulevard on Monterey Boulevard, require additional infrastructure in order to be considered fully in place. Attachment 3 illustrates the current status of the intended bicycle network. Page 9 of 535 Page 6 of 14 Planned Bicycle Improvements Annual Street Improvements Project (CIP 105) will include the resurfacing of Pier Avenue between Hermosa Avenue and Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) and Valley Drive between Pier Avenue and Herondo Street, which will allow staff the opportunity to further upgrade the existing bicycle markings along those corridors. Staff is currently developing the design for the project to include the installation of limited green bicycle markings on Pier Avenue to enhance visibility, similar to those recently installed by the City of Redondo Beach on Beryl Street. Staff is also exploring the installation of a bicycle lane along Pier Avenue eastbound from Ardmore Avenue to PCH. The Pier Avenue eastbound lane would serve as a “climbing” lane and at this time staff believes it may fit without removal of travel lanes or parking and accommodated by minor narrowing of the existing lanes. The plans would also incorporate the addition of sharrow pavement markings along Valley Drive between Pier Avenue and Herondo Street. PCH and Aviation Mobility Improvement Project (CIP 143) will consider the potential for the addition of bicycle infrastructure along Aviation Boulevard and PCH, as well as enhanced crossings of PCH. In addition to bicycle improvements, the project also includes evaluation of a wide range of complete street elements to improve mobility, accessibility, aesthetics, and safety for all users along the PCH and Aviation Boulevard corridors as identified in the 2015 Project Study Report prepared by the City and Caltrans. The project is in the early stage of the alternative development and environmental review process and is being led by Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority staff on behalf of the City in close coordination with Caltrans. Improvements to PCH will require Caltrans approval as it is state right-of-way. On September 30, 2024, Senate Bill (SB) 960 was approved by the Governor, requiring Caltrans to prioritize road improvements for pedestrians, bike riders, and public transit users whenever it performs maintenance or does road work. SB 960 is significant since it forces Caltrans to consider the needs of non-motorized vehicle users and may help further advance goals of this project. Deferred and Unfunded Future Bicycle Projects The FY 2024–25 Capital Improvement Program (CIP) identifies a number of Deferred and Unfunded Future Projects awaiting funding and staffing resources in a future budget cycle. There are currently two projects on the Deferred and Unfunded Future Project list that include potential improvements to the bicycle infrastructure:  The Hermosa Avenue Greenwich Village Street Realignment—this potential improvement project was identified through the 2022 Climate Change Adaptation and Resiliency Planning Project. That effort produced conceptual designs of potential enhancements at the intersections of Hermosa Avenue and Greenwich Page 10 of 535 Page 7 of 14 Village and Manhattan Avenue and Greenwich Village/27th Street, including improved bicycle accommodations and visibility and safety improvements for pedestrians and vehicles.  Strand Bikeway and Walkway Improvements at 35th Street—this project would provide improved accessibility and connectivity for bicyclists travelling between the Cities of Hermosa Beach and Manhattan Beach via The Strand at 35th Street by creating a pathway connection where there is currently only access via stairs. Both projects would require funding and future consideration of appropriateness by City Council for incorporation into the CIP. South Bay Bicycle Coalition Plus 2024 Bicycle Master Plan Update In August 2024, the SBBC+ announced an update to the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan and launch of an interactive Story Map. The primary update to the Master Plan is the call for Class IV protected bike lanes, where feasible, in lieu of Class II painted bike lanes. The update aligns with regional plans and promotes the safety and ridership benefits of these enhanced facilities. The SBBC+’s story map overlays the proposed bicycle network with regional network plans, school locations, the transit network, and collision data. The updated website also has an interactive tool to collect input from the community on desired bicycle infrastructure improvements with the goal of creating a Living Master Plan which can be used to help guide implementation, enhancement, and expansion of the bicycle network both in the City and in the South Bay region. The map details proposed bicycle facilities by classification and estimated completion date. Ongoing outreach and community engagement will be a critical element in this effort. Staff is working in collaboration with the SBBC+ to provide updates to the interactive map. Existing Sidewalk Network The City is relatively compact, spanning only about two miles along the shoreline by about one-half to one mile wide. This compact nature combined with a gridded street network, small blocks, and dense land uses make it a highly walkable city. Walking also represents a no-cost transportation mode that can benefit public health, reduce congestion, and improve air quality. While the City has a robust sidewalk network, it does lack continuity in many neighborhoods with missing sidewalk segments or no sidewalks provided either on one or both sides of the street. Many of the existing sidewalk segments are also challenged by missing curb ramps, steep driveways, and sidewalk obstructions, as a result of private encroachments and utilities, that present challenges to users of all abilities and reduce overall walkability. Page 11 of 535 Page 8 of 14 Staff continues to prioritize improvements to the existing sidewalk network through continued investment in the Capital Improvement Program, maintenance and repair, and through the design approval process for private developments that are generally required to reconstruct sidewalks to current City standards adjacent to their property. PLAN Hermosa envisions a comprehensive, connected pedestrian network, including a combination of walk streets, local sidewalks, wide sidewalks, and priority sidewalks (Attachment 4). The wide sidewalk segments generally correlate with commercial corridors, while priority sidewalks provide essential connections throughout the City and also overlap with the City’s Safe Routes to School network. Implementation of PLAN Hermosa’s Intended Pedestrian Facilities network will require continued capital investment, planning, and evaluation and each segment will need to consider utility, parking, and private encroachment impacts. Other Completed Projects and Initiatives The City has completed several projects and initiatives over the years to advance living street elements. Some of these efforts include:  2010: Pier Avenue Improvements which widened sidewalks, enhanced crossings, and implemented an all-pedestrian phase at the intersection of Hermosa Avenue and Pier Avenue.  2018: Hermosa Avenue paving project which created curb bulb outs and decorative crossing along Hermosa Ave in the downtown area.  2019–2023: PCH Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Sidewalk Improvements which repaired sidewalks, installed ADA curb ramps, and added a new east-west crosswalk at Pier Avenue and PCH with an all-pedestrian phase.  2019: 8th Street Sidewalk Improvements which restored City right-of-way and created a complete and accessible sidewalk route along 8th Street from Valley Drive to Hermosa Avenue on the City’s Safe Routes to School network.  2022: the City adopted an ADA Transition Plan which documents how the City will reconstruct sidewalks and curb ramps in the City right-of-way to meet ADA standards and create accessible paths for all pedestrians in the City.  2023: Business Activity District and School Zone Speed Limit Update which lowered the speed limits by 5 miles per hour on Hermosa Avenue and Pier Avenue in the downtown area by establishing a business activity district and set a 15-mile per hour speed limit in school zones. This task was done as implementation of a portion of State Assembly Bill (AB) 43.  2022–2024: Installed approximately 40 bicycle racks, accommodating storage for 80 bikes, at several locations throughout the City including Pier Plaza, Pier Avenue, Valley Park, Hermosa Beach Community Center, and 11th Street and Beach Drive. Page 12 of 535 Page 9 of 14  2023: The Strand Pedestrian Safety Pilot Project which installed barricades along The Strand between 11th Street and 14th Street to increase compliance of bicyclist walking their bikes within the “walk only” zone of The Strand and reduce conflict with pedestrians.  2024: Pedestrian Crossing Safety Improvements Phase 1 which installed rectangular rapid-flashing beacons (RRFB) at 10 uncontrolled marked crosswalks throughout the City to enhance safe crossings for pedestrians. Other Ongoing Efforts The Public Works Department receives approximately 110 requests from the community each year regarding transportation-related safety or operational issues. Many requests require engineering investigation and consideration for future incorporation into the CIP as part of a larger design and construction effort, pending available funding and staff capacity, to effectively address the issue. For example, staff received several community requests for enhanced pedestrian access the Greenbelt Pedestrian Trail across Valley Drive and Ardmore Avenue, particularly north of 24th Street, and receives ongoing requests for enhanced safety on Valley Drive and Ardmore Avenue at their intersections with Pier Avenue and Gould Avenue. The community’s reporting assists staff in understanding where there are needs in the community and helps inform the creation of future capital improvement projects. The Public Works and Police Departments also work in close coordination to review severe and fatal crashes as they occur to better understand contributing factors and determine if safety improvements could be made through engineering solutions. Staff is also in the process of evaluating those provisions in Assembly Bill 43 (AB 43) that became effective after June 30, 2024 including the potential designation of certain roadway segments as safety corridors. For streets which are designated as a safety corridor, the speed limit can be set 5 miles per hour lower than the traditional 85th percentile; however, a maximum of only 20 percent of any city’s streets can be so designated. Staff is working in collaboration with the City’s Traffic Engineer to evaluate the potential of implementing said corridors in the City, including the necessary data collection and supporting engineering analysis. The FY 2024–25 CIP budget includes several programmed projects with Living Street elements, that staff is working to advance, including:  Utility Box Wrapping (CIP 109)—Adds public art to utility boxes found along sidewalks to enhance the pedestrian experience. This project is underway in partnership with Indivisible Arts and is partially complete. Page 13 of 535 Page 10 of 14  Gateway and Wayfinding Assessment (CIP 111)—Conceptual design of alternatives to provide downtown wayfinding in a uniform and consistent manner that informs pedestrians of the various downtown establishments.  Greenbelt Pedestrian Trail (CIP 502, et al.)—Removes the existing woodchip surface along the Greenbelt Pedestrian Trail from Pier Avenue to 8th Street and replaces it with an accessible decomposed granite surface.  Hermosa Avenue Green Street (CIP 164)—Removes 5,115 linear feet of existing concrete gutter and replaces with a permeable concrete gutter to allow the infiltration of stormwater and decrease the amount of untreated stormwater discharged into the City’s storm drain system  CDBG Improvements (CIP 624)—Constructs ADA-accessible ramps throughout the City to provide accessible paths for people of all abilities.  Bus Stop Improvements Phase 2 (CIP 102)—Improvements to bus stops along Hermosa Avenue to enhance functionality and access to public transportation.  Pedestrian Crossing Safety Improvements Phase 2 (CIP 193) – Improvements to the median island, parking configuration, sidewalks, curb ramps, and crosswalks along Hermosa Avenue to enhance motorist and pedestrian safety and accessible travel.  Comprehensive Downtown Lighting Design (CIP 621)—Conceptual design of lighting in the downtown area to enhance motorist and pedestrian safety and creating a welcoming and inviting atmosphere. Looking Ahead Staff continues to identify opportunities to integrate living streets elements into the planning and design of capital improvement and private development projects. Staff also remains actively engaged with the SBBC+ on the SBBMP Update and continues to evaluate opportunities for collaboration with the bordering cities of Redondo Beach and Manhattan Beach. The community is encouraged to actively participate in the SBBC+ interactive website to help inform the evolution of the living SBBMP, providing input on desired changes or additions, and consider how future segments would move forward. Enforcement solutions alone will only have a limited effectiveness at addressing community concerns for bicycle safety, while also pulling limited staffing resources away from other high-priority public safety needs. Larger planning and engineering solutions will continue to be needed to address the issue. However, continued advancement of PLAN Hermosa’s Intended Bicycle and Multi-Use Facilities network will become increasingly more difficult given the City’s limited right-of-way and high demand for parking with each and every segment presenting its own unique challenges and requiring careful planning, community buy-in, alternatives assessment, and consideration of impacts during design development. For example, PLAN Hermosa shows Prospect Avenue as having a multi-use path or buffered bike lane; and while there is sufficient right- of-way to accommodate this facility, it does not currently fit within the existing curb-to-curb Page 14 of 535 Page 11 of 14 cross-section and would require a significant reconstruction of the roadway and use of right-of-way that is currently utilized by private encroachments. Similarly, the planned bike network currently does not provide good north-south travel, particularly along Valley Drive and Ardmore Avenue which is heavily utilized by younger and less experienced riders accessing Hermosa Valley School. The shared space on The Strand will also remain a location where there is high potential for conflicts given the limited width and heavy demand and has been an ongoing discussion in the City for many decades. The community is also encouraged to continue to reach out to City staff regarding location-specific safety concerns throughout the City to help identify issues and inform future CIP budget development. General Plan Consistency: This report and associated recommendation have been evaluated for their consistency with the City’s General Plan. Relevant Policies are listed below: Land Use and Design Element Goal 6. A pedestrian-focused urban form that creates visual interest and a comfortable outdoor environment. Policies:  6.1 Outdoor amenities. Require all new multi-family and commercial development to be designed and constructed with pedestrian friendly features such as sidewalks, tree-shaded streets, buildings that define the public realm, and, in the case of non-residential uses, have transparent ground floor building facades that activate the street.  6.2 Streetscaping. Proactively beautify existing streetscapes with street trees, landscaping and pedestrian-scaled lighting.  6.3 Green open space network. Establish an interconnected green infrastructure network throughout Hermosa Beach that serves as a network for active transportation, recreation and scenic beauty and connects all areas of the city. In particular, connections should be made between the beach, parks, the Downtown, neighborhoods, and other destinations within the city. Consider the following components when designing and implementing the green/open space network: o Preserved open space areas such as the beach and the Greenbelt Pedestrian Trail o Living streets with significant landscaping and pedestrian and bicycle amenities o Community and neighborhood parks, and schools  6.4 Street lighting for safety. Improve street lighting for public safety and prioritize areas near parks and schools for lighting improvements. Page 15 of 535 Page 12 of 14  6.5 Provision of sidewalks. Encourage pedestrian friendly sidewalks on both sides of streets in neighborhoods.  6.6 Human-scale buildings. Encourage buildings and design to include human- scale details such as windows on the street, awnings and architectural features that create a visually interesting pedestrian environment.  6.7 Pedestrian oriented design. Eliminate urban form conditions that reduce walkability by discouraging surface parking and parking structures along walkways, long blank walls along walkways, and garage-dominated building facades. Mobility Element Goal 2. A public realm that is safe, comfortable, and convenient for travel via foot, bicycle, public transit, and automobile and creates vibrant, people-oriented public spaces that encourage active living. Policies:  2.1 Prioritize public rights-of-way. Prioritize improvements of public rights-of- way that provide heightened levels of safe, comfortable and attractive public spaces for all non-motorized travelers while balancing the needs of efficient vehicular circulation.  2.2 Encourage traffic calming. Encourage traffic calming policies and techniques to improve the safety and efficient movement of people and vehicles along residential areas and highly trafficked corridors. Goal 3. Public rights-of-way supporting a multimodal and people-oriented transportation system that provides diversity and flexibility on how users choose to be mobile. Policies:  3.3 Active transportation. Require commercial development or redevelopment projects and residential projects with four or more units to accommodate active transportation by providing on-site amenities, necessary connections to adjacent existing and planned pedestrian and bicycle networks, and incorporate people-oriented design practices.  3.9 Access for emergency vehicles. Ensure that emergency vehicles have secure and convenient access to the City’s street network.  3.10 Require ADA standards. Require that all public rights-of-way be designed per Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards by incorporating crosswalks, curb ramps, pedestrian signals, and other components to provide ease of access for disabled persons.  3.11 Site-specific conditions. Evaluate and incorporate any site-specific conditions or restrictions on public property or rights-of-way during the design and engineering phases for pedestrian and bicycle facilities. Page 16 of 535 Page 13 of 14 Goal 7. A transportation system that results in zero transportation-related fatalities and which minimizes injuries. Policies:  7.1 Safe public rights-of-way. Encourage that all public rights-of-way are safe for all users at all times of day where users of all ages and ability feel comfortable participating in both motorized and non-motorized travel.  7.2 Manage speeds. Monitor vehicle speeds through traffic controls, speed limits, and design features with the intended purpose of minimizing vehicle accidents, creating a pedestrian and bicycle environment, and discouraging cut-through traffic.  7.4 Traffic safety programs. Prioritize traffic safety programs oriented towards safe access to schools and community facilities that focus on walking, biking, and driving in school zones. Parks and Open Space Goal 4. Direct and accessible routes and connections to parks, recreational facilities, and open space are provided. Policies:  4.1 Close proximity to parks. Provide a variety and distribution of parks, open space, and recreational facilities to enhance proximity and easy access to all residents.  4.2 Enhanced access points. Increase and enhance access to parks and open space, particularly across major thoroughfares, as well as access points that promote physical activity such as pedestrian- and bike-oriented access points.  4.3 Safe and efficient trail network. Develop a network of safe and efficient trails, streets, and paths that connect residents, visitors, and neighboring communities to the beach, parks, and activity centers.  4.4 ADA accessible park access. Install ADA and universally accessible amenities and equipment so that all parks, beach, and trail networks are accessible to all persons. Parks and Open Space Goal 10. Abundant landscaping, trees, and green space provided throughout the community. Policies:  10.1 Urban forest. Expand the urban forest and green spaces citywide on public and private property.  10.3 Green space co-benefits. Recognize the many positive qualities provided by landscaping, trees, and green space including reduced heat gain, controlled Page 17 of 535 Page 14 of 14 stormwater runoff, absorbed noise, reduced soil erosion, improved aesthetic character, and absorption of air pollution.  10.6 City landscaping. Encourage landscaping, trees, and green spaces across the city consist of non-invasive and drought-tolerant plants. Fiscal Impact: There is no fiscal impact related to the recommended action. Attachments: 1. 2011 South Bay Bicycle Master Plan 2. PLAN Hermosa Intended Bicycle and Multi-Use Facilities Map 3. Current State of PLAN Hermosa’s Intended Bicycle and Multi-Use Facilities 4. PLAN Hermosa Intended Pedestrian Facilities Map Respectfully Submitted by: Andrew Nguyen, Associate Engineer Concur: Brandon Araujo, Senior Engineer Concur: Joe SanClemente, Public Works Director Concur: Doug Krauss, Environmental Programs Manager Concur: Paul LeBaron, Chief of Police Legal Review: Patrick Donegan, City Attorney Reviewed by: Angela Crespi, Deputy City Manager Approved: Suja Lowenthal, City Manager Page 18 of 535 The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan August 2011 Page 19 of 535 Page 20 of 535 South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Acknowledgements Prepared for: Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Coalition Prepared by: Alta Planning + Design Brett Hondorp, Principal Sam Corbett, Senior Associate Jessie Holzer, Planner Page 21 of 535 Page 22 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | i Table of Contents Foreword .................................................................................... xi  Executive Summary ................................................................. xiii  1 Introduction ................................................................ 3  1.1 Setting ............................................................................................ 3  1.2 Purpose of the Bicycle Master Plan ....................................... 5  1.3 Bicycle Facility Types ................................................................ 7  1.4 Benefits of Bicycling .................................................................. 11  1.5 Public Participation ................................................................. 14  1.6 Plan Organization ......................................................................16  2 Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions ..................... 21  2.1 South Bay Goals, Objectives, and Policies ......................... 21  2.2 Relevant Regional Existing Plans and Policies ................ 32  3 El Segundo ................................................................ 41  3.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance ..... 41  3.2 Existing Conditions ................................................................. 41  3.3 Needs Analysis .......................................................................... 49  3.4 Proposed Bicycle Network ..................................................... 58  3.5 Project Costs .............................................................................. 65  3.6 Project Prioritization ............................................................... 66  3.7 Project Sheets ............................................................................. 69  4 Gardena .................................................................... 77  4.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance ..... 77  4.2 Existing Conditions ................................................................. 77  4.3 Needs Analysis .......................................................................... 83  4.4 Proposed Bicycle Network ..................................................... 92  4.5 Project Costs .............................................................................. 99  4.6 Project Prioritization ............................................................. 100  4.7 Project Sheets ........................................................................... 105  5 Hermosa Beach ...................................................... 113  5.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance .... 113  Page 23 of 535 Table of Contents ii | Alta Planning + Design 5.2 Existing Conditions ................................................................ 113  5.3 Needs Analysis ......................................................................... 121  5.4 Proposed Bicycle Network .................................................. 130  5.5 Project Costs ............................................................................. 137  5.6 Project Prioritization ............................................................. 138  5.7 Project Sheets ........................................................................... 141  6 Lawndale ................................................................ 149  6.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance ... 149  6.2 Existing Conditions ............................................................... 149  6.3 Needs Analysis ........................................................................ 155  6.4 Proposed Bicycle Network .................................................. 164  6.5 Project Costs ............................................................................ 170  6.6 Project Prioritization .............................................................. 171  6.7 Project Sheets .......................................................................... 174  7 Manhattan Beach ................................................... 181  7.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance .... 181  7.2 Existing Conditions ................................................................ 181  7.3 Needs Analysis ........................................................................ 188  7.4 Proposed Bicycle Network .................................................. 198  7.5 Project Costs ........................................................................... 205  7.6 Project Prioritization ............................................................ 206  7.7 Project Sheets .......................................................................... 210  8 Redondo Beach ...................................................... 219  8.1 Bicycle Transportion Account (BTA) Compliance ....... 219  8.2 Existing Conditions ............................................................... 219  8.3 Needs Analysis ....................................................................... 229  8.4 Proposed Bicycle Network .................................................. 238  8.5 Project Costs ........................................................................... 245  8.6 Project Prioritization ............................................................ 248  8.7 Project Sheets .......................................................................... 252  9 Torrance .................................................................. 261  Page 24 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | iii 9.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance ... 261  9.2 Existing Conditions ............................................................... 261  9.3 Needs Analysis ........................................................................ 270  9.4 Proposed Bicycle Network ................................................... 279  9.5 Project Costs ........................................................................... 289  9.6 Project Prioritization ............................................................ 290  9.7 Project Sheets .......................................................................... 294  10 Recommended Programs ..................................... 303  10.1 Education Programs ............................................................... 303  10.2 Public Awareness Campaigns and Marketing ............... 306  10.3 Enforcement Programs .......................................................... 308  10.4 Encouragement Programs ....................................................309  10.5 Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................. 312  11 Wayfinding and Signage Plan .............................. 317  11.1 1BSignage Design .......................................................................... 317  11.2 2BSignage Locations ................................................................... 333  11.3 Kiosks ......................................................................................... 336  11.4 Collaborative Efforts ............................................................. 340  12 Funding .................................................................. 343  Appendices ............................................................................ 357  Appendix A: Large Scale Maps .......................................................... 359  Appendix B: New York City Bicycle Collision vs Ridership Data ..................................................................................................................... 383  Appendix C: Bicycle Facility Standards ......................................... 384  Appendix D: Online Survey Analysis ............................................... 385  Appendix E: BTA Compliance Tables .............................................. 391  Appendix F: Participating City Existing Bicycle Plan Maps .... 405  Appendix G: City Municipal Code Bicycle Parking Related Sections ..................................................................................................... 413  Appendix H: Bicycle Count Data ...................................................... 417  Appendix I: Opportunities and Constraints .................................. 421  Page 25 of 535 Table of Contents iv | Alta Planning + Design Appendix J: Recommended Bicycle Parking Standards ............ 424  Appendix K: Prioritization Methodology ....................................... 427  Appendix L: Proposed Kiosk and Signage Routes ....................... 431  Appendix M: Glossary of Terms ........................................................ 441  Appendix N: Complete Streets Policy Language ......................... 443  Appendix O: Summary of Public Comments Received .............. 449  List of Figures Figure 1-1: South Bay master plan cities within the Los Angeles region .................................................................................................................. 4  Figure 1-2: Typical Distribution of Bicyclists in the United States .. 5  Figure 1-3: Bicycle Path and Bicycle Lane Recommended Standards8  Figure 1-4: Bicycle Route and Bicycle Friendly Streets Recommended Standards ............................................................................. 9  Figure 2-1: City of Los Angeles Proposed Bicycle Facilities .............. 33  Figure 2-2: County of Los Angeles Proposed Bicycle Facilities ....... 35  Figure 3-1: El Segundo General Plan Land Uses ................................... 42  Figure 3-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in El Segundo .......................... 46  Figure 3-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in El Segundo ......................... 61  Figure 3-4: Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities in El Segundo .............. 64  Figure 4-1: Gardena General Plan Land Uses ........................................ 78  Figure 4-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Gardena ................................ 81  Figure 4-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Gardena ............................. 93  Figure 4-4: Gardena Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities ........................ 98  Figure 5-1: City of Hermosa Beach Zoning Map ................................. 114  Figure 5-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Hermosa Beach ................. 118  Figure 5-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Hermosa Beach ............... 133  Figure 5-4: Hermosa Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities ......... 136  Figure 6-1: City of Lawndale General Plan Land Use Map ............. 150  Figure 6-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Lawndale .......................... 154  Figure 6-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Lawndale ..........................167  Figure 6-4: Lawndale Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities .................... 169  Figure 7-1: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Manhattan Beach ............ 186  Figure 7-2: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Manhattan Beach .......... 201  Figure 7-3: Manhattan Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities .... 204  Figure 8-1: Existing Bicycle Facilities in North Redondo Beach .. 224  Figure 8-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in South Redondo Beach ... 225  Figure 8-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in North Redondo Beach 242  Figure 8-4: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in South Redondo Beach .243  Page 26 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | v Figure 8-5: North Redondo Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities ......................................................................................................................... 246  Figure 8-6: South Redondo Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities ..........................................................................................................................247  Figure 9-1: City of Torrance General Plan Land Use Policy ............ 263  Figure 9-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Torrance ............................ 267  Figure 9-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Torrance .......................... 283  Figure 9-4: Torrance Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities ..................... 287  List of Tables Table 1-1: Population of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Cities ......................................................................................................................... 3  Table 3-2: El Segundo Bicycle Network ............................................ 47  Table 3-3: Means of Transportation to Work .................................. 50  Table 3-4: Existing Bicycling Demand ................................................ 51  Table 3-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact ........................... 52  Table 3-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand ......................... 53  Table 3-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact ..... 54  Table 3-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in El Segundo ............. 59  Table 3-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in El Segundo .......... 59  Table 3-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in El Segundo ....... 59  Table 3-12: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in El Segundo ..... 60  Table 3-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types ........................................................................................................... 66  Table 3-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network ........... 66  Table 3-15:El Segundo Prioritized Bicycle Projects ........................ 67  Table 4-1: Gardena Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies ................. 80  Table 4-2: Gardena Bicycle Network ................................................. 82  Table 4-3: Means of Transportation to Work ................................. 84  Table 4-4: Existing Bicycling Demand ............................................... 85  Table 4-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact ........................... 86  Table 4-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand ......................... 87  Table 4-7 Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact ..... 88  Page 27 of 535 Table of Contents vi | Alta Planning + Design Table 4-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 .................................... 91  Table 4-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Gardena .................. 94  Table 4-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Gardena .............. 94  Table 4-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Gardena ........... 94  Table 4-12: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Gardena .......... 94  Table 4-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types ........................................................................................................... 99  Table 4-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network ........ 100  Table 4-15: Gardena Prioritized Bicycle Projects ........................... 101  Table 5-1: Hermosa Beach Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies .. 117  Table 5-2: Hermosa Beach Bicycle Network ................................... 119  Table 5-3: Means of Transportation to Work ............................... 122  Table 5-4: Existing Bicycling Demand ............................................. 123  Table 5-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact ......................... 124  Table 5-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand ....................... 125  Table 5-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact ... 126  Table 5-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 ................................. 129  Table 5-9: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Hermosa Beach . 131  Table 5-10: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Hermosa Beach ...................................................................................................................... 131  Table 5-11: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Hermosa Beach ...................................................................................................................... 131  Table 5-12: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types .......................................................................................................... 137  Table 5-13: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network ......... 138  Table 5-14: Hermosa Beach Prioritized Projects ........................... 139  Table 6-1: Lawndale Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies ............ 152  Table 6-2: Means of Transportation to Work ............................... 156  Table 6-3: Existing Bicycling Demand .............................................. 157  Table 6-4: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact ......................... 158  Table 6-5: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand ....................... 159  Table 6-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact ... 160  Page 28 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | vii Table 6-7: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 ................................. 163  Table 6-8: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Lawndale .............. 165  Table 6-9: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Lawndale ............ 165  Table 6-10: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Lawndale ...... 165  Table 6-11: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Lawndale....... 165  Table 6-12: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types .......................................................................................................... 171  Table 6-13: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network .......... 171  Table 6-14: Lawndale Prioritized Bicycle Projects ....................... 172  Table 7-1: Manhattan Beach Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies ..................................................................................................................... 184  Table 7-2: Manhattan Beach Bicycle Network .............................. 185  Table 7-3: Means of Transportation to Work ................................ 190  Table 7-4: Existing Bicycling Demand .............................................. 191  Table 7-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact ......................... 192  Table 7-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand ....................... 193  Table 7-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact ... 194  Table 7-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 .................................. 197  Table 7-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Manhattan Beach 199  Table 7-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Manhattan Beach ..................................................................................................................... 199  Table 7-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Manhattan Beach .......................................................................................................... 199  Table 7-12: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Manhattan Beach ......................................................................................................... 200  Figure 7-3: Manhattan Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities 204  Table 7-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types ........................................................................................................ 205  Table 7-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network ........ 206  Table 7-15: Manhattan Beach Prioritized Bicycle Projects ......... 207  Table 8-1: Redondo Beach Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies 222  Figure 8-1: Existing Bicycle Facilities in North Redondo Beach .................................................................................................................... 224  Page 29 of 535 Table of Contents viii | Alta Planning + Design Figure 8-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in South Redondo Beach ..................................................................................................................... 225  Table 8-2: Redondo Beach Bicycle Network ................................. 226  Table 8-3: Means of Transportation to Work ............................... 230  Table 8-4: Existing Bicycling Demand ............................................. 231  Table 8-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact ......................... 232  Table 8-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand ....................... 233  Table 8-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact ...234  Table 8-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 ................................. 237  Table 8-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Redondo Beach ... 239  Table 8-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Redondo Beach239  Table 8-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Redondo Beach ..................................................................................................................... 239  Table 8-12: Proposed Bicycle Friendly Streets in Redondo Beach .................................................................................................................... 240  Table 8-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types ........................................................................................................ 248  Table 8-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network ....... 248  Table 8-15: Redondo Beach Prioritized Bicycle Projects ............ 249  Table 9-1: Torrance Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies ............. 264  Table 9-2: Torrance Bicycle Network .............................................. 265  Figure 9-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Torrance ....................... 267  Table 9-3: Means of Transportation to Work ............................... 271  Table 9-4: Existing Bicycling Demand ............................................ 272  Table 9-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact ......................... 273  Table 9-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand ....................... 274  Table 9-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact ... 275  Table 9-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 ................................. 278  Table 9-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Torrance .............. 280  Table 9-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Torrance ........... 280  Table 9-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Torrance ....... 280  Table 9-12: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Torrance ....... 281  Page 30 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | ix Table 9-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types ........................................................................................................ 289  Table 9-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network ....... 290  Table 9-15: Torrance Prioritized Bicycle Projects ......................... 291  Table 11-1: Design Standards for Recommended Sign Types ..... 319  Table 11-2: Modifications to MUTCD Design Sign Layout Specifications .......................................................................................... 325  Table 11-3: Specifications for Implementation of signage ........... 333  Table 11-4: Key Destinations by Participating City ...................... 334  Table 12-1: Funding Sources ................................................................ 343  Table D-1: Barriers to Commuting by Bicycle ............................... 388  Table D-2: Barriers to Riding in the South Bay ............................. 388  Table D-3: Factors that Influence Decisions to Ride a Bicycle .. 389  Table D-4: Bicycle Program Interest .................................................390  Table E-1: El Segundo BTA Requirement Check List .................. 391  Table E-2: Gardena BTA Requirement Check List ...................... 393  Table E-3: Hermosa Beach BTA Requirement Check List ......... 395  Table E-4: Lawndale BTA Requirement Check List .................... 397  Table E-5: Manhattan Beach BTA Requirement Check List ..... 399  Table E-6: Redondo Beach BTA Requirement Check List ......... 401  Table E-7: Torrance BTA Requirement Check List ..................... 403  Table H-1: South Bay Bicycle Counts Thursday, November 4, 2010 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. .................................................................. 417  Table H-2: South Bay Bicycle Counts Saturday, November 6, 2010 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. .................................................................. 419  Table K-1: Proposed Facility Weight and Scoring ....................... 429  Page 31 of 535 x | Alta Planning + Design Page 32 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xi Foreword The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan is the result of an innovative partnership between long-standing bike advocacy non-profit Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition (LACBC) and local grass-roots bike advocates the South Bay Bicycle Coalition (SBBC). The two groups came together with the common goal of improving the safety and convenience of bicycling in Los Angeles County, and specifically in the South Bay Region. In December of 2009, the South Bay Bicycle Coalition approached a number of South Bay cities (defined as those cities encompassed by the South Bay Cities Council of Governments) to ask for their support and involvement in a multi-city bicycle master planning process. Seven of the cities responded favorably and within the specified time frame for grant eligibility. Those seven responsive cities are the cities that are represented in this master plan. The participating cities include: El Segundo, Gardena, Hermosa Beach, Lawndale, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance. This plan seeks to provide improved and increased connectivity across these seven cities. All seven City Councils have adopted supportive resolutions and have dedicated in-kind staff time to assist with plan review and data gathering. Funding for this master planning process is made possible through the Department of Health and Human Services through the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health’s Renew Environments for Nutrition, Exercise and Wellness in Los Angeles County (RENEW-LAC) initiative. RENEW-LAC is made possible by funds from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Communities Putting Prevention to Work Initiative. RENEW seeks to implement policy, systems and environmental change to improve nutrition, increase physical activity and reduce obesity, especially in disadvantaged communities. Engaging communities in active transportation through pedestrian and bicycle-friendly policies is one objective of the RENEW initiative. The Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and the South Bay Bicycle Coalition are partnering to improve bicycling in the South Bay. Photo Source: Kelly Morphy/WALC Institute for Vitality City Page 33 of 535 xii | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 34 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xiii Executive Summary The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan is intended to guide the development and maintenance of a comprehensive bicycle network and set of programs and policies throughout the cities of El Segundo, Gardena, Hermosa Beach, Lawndale, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance for the next 20 years. As the first- ever multi-jurisdictional bike plan, it has a unique focus on cross- city consistency and connectivity that is often lacking in singular city bike plans. Upon plan adoption, each participating city will be eligible for grant funding sources which they are not currently receiving. Implementation of this plan is meant to promote and increase bicycle ridership for all levels of ability across the South Bay. The South Bay has an existing base of recreational and enthusiast bicyclists; this plan’s primary objective is to increase the number of those bicyclists, as well as create a larger base of utilitarian bicyclists, including bicycle commuters, through safe, accessible and consistent bicycle infrastructure, and the policies and programs that support it. As discussed in Chapter One, there are numerous benefits that a bicycle master plan provides to both community members and the cities that implement it, including improved community health and quality of life, increased property values, decreased bicycle collisions and improved air quality mitigation, among others. For a condensed review of the plan, please see the following sections:  Chapter Two: Goals, Objectives, and Policies are meant to compliment the proposed network and are focused upon the six Es of a successful bike plan: evaluation and planning, engineering, education, enforcement, encouragement, and equity  Chapters Three through Nine: Individual City Chapters include a discussion of a given city’s existing bikeways, a high-level needs analysis, and the proposed bicycle facility improvements; the verbiage presented in each of these chapters is very similar to one another; as such it is recommended that the reader focuses on the city chapter of their preference Implementation of this plan is meant to promote and increase bicycle ridership for all levels of ability across the South Bay. Page 35 of 535 Executive Summary xiv | Alta Planning + Design  Chapter Ten: Recommended Programs expands upon a few of the ideas presented through policy and provides the cities with further toolbox strategies to address the “six E’s” of a successful bike plan  Chapter Eleven: Wayfinding and Signage presents the regional wayfinding plan for the participating cities to inform bicyclists how to navigate through the network  Chapter Twelve: Funding identifies potential funding sources that the cities could apply for to implement the proposed network presented in this Plan As previously stated, this plan has a 20-year implementation time line. Adoption of this plan is the first of many steps that will need to be taken prior to implementation of any given proposed facility. Prior to facility implementation, each city will need to have their traffic engineering staff review the proposed facility and design the appropriate treatments. The majority of these facilities will be exempt from environmental review, although some may be subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), as well as further public hearings and Council approval. This Executive Summary contains a glossary of terms; the existing regional bike network; proposed regional and city-specific bikeway network maps; and a city-by-city breakdown of proposed bikeway mileage. The following table discusses terms that are presented in this plan. Word Definition Assembly Bill 1358 California Assembly Bill 1358, also known as the Complete Streets Act of 2008, amended the California Government Code §65302 to require that all major revisions to a city or county’s Circulation Element include provisions for the accommodation of all roadway users including bicyclists and pedestrians. Accommodations include bikeways, sidewalks, crosswalks, and curb extensions.. See section 2.2.2.1 of this plan for more information. Mobility Coordinator A part- or full-time employee dedicated to the implementation of alternative transportation, which can include bicycle program administration. As related to bicycles, a mobility coordinator tracks, coordinates and oversees implementation of bike facilities, programs, grant applications and data collection. Bicycle Facility A street or off-road path designed for bicycle travel Bike Path A completely separated, paved right-of-way designated for the exclusive use of bicycles and pedestrians Bike Lane A restricted right-of-way striped on a street and designated for the exclusive use of bicycles, with crossflows by pedestrians and motorists permitted Page 36 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xv Word Definition Bike Route An on-street right-of-way designated by signs or pavement markings to be shared between bicyclists and motorists Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) An annual program of the State of California providing state funds for city and county projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters. To establish eligibility for these funds, local agencies must have a Bicycle Transportation Plan that complies with Caltrans requirements in CA Streets and Highways Code Section 891.2. This plan complies with BTA requirements. Class I, II, and III Bikeways State of California definitions for Bicycle Paths, Bicycle Lanes, and Bicycle Routes, respectively, in the California Streets and Highways Code Section 890.4. For additional detail see Section 1.3 of this plan. Complete Streets Complete streets refers to the principle that all transportation improvements should address the safety, access, and mobility of all travelers, including motorists, bicyclists, pedestrians, transit riders, and the disabled. Caltrans Deputy Directive 64 formally states that Caltrans views all transportation improvements as opportunities to improve conditions for all users, and adopts such a policy for all planning, programming, design, construction, operations, and maintenance activities and products on the State Highway System. Bike Friendly Street Local roads that have been enhanced with treatments that prioritize bicycle travel. These treatments include wayfinding signage, pavement markings and traffic calming Bike Station Modeled after the secure indoor bicycle parking facilities provided by the private firm BikeStation, these are locations that provide bicycle storage and other amenities such as showers and bicycle repair stations. They are often located near transit stations. Bike Valet The provision of monitored bicycle parking, typically at a large event Sharrows Pavement markings denoting the safe and legal riding position for bicyclists. The name “sharrows” derives from “shared-use arrows.” Among other things, sharrows clarify bicyclists’ right to occupy the center of a travel lane, and encourage bicyclists to ride away from parked cars, so that they are not in danger of being struck by opening doors. The following graphics describe the proposed bicycle facility types presented in this Plan: Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bicycle Friendly Streets. Page 37 of 535 Executive Summary xvi | Alta Planning + Design Page 38 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xvii Page 39 of 535 Executive Summary xviii | Alta Planning + Design The table below displays the mileage of existing and proposed bicycle facilities in each city by facility type. There are 73.2 existing miles of bikeways in the South Bay region. This Plan proposed an additional 213.8 miles of bicycle facilities. Following the table are maps presenting the existing and proposed bikeways in the seven participating cities. City Existing Mileage Proposed Mileage El Segundo Class I Bike Path 1.0 1.2 Class II Bike Lane 2.8 8.7 Class III Bike Route 2.0 5.0 Bicycle Friendly Street 0.0 6.4 TOTAL 5.8 21.3 Gardena Class I Bike Path 1.1 0.2 Class II Bike Lane 1.9 10.4 Class III Bike Route 12.7 3.9 Bicycle Friendly Street 0.0 16.8 TOTAL 15.7 31.3 Hermosa Beach Class I Bike Path 1.8 0.0 Class II Bike Lane 0.5 0.9 Class III Bike Route 2.8 4.7 Bicycle Friendly Street 0.0 3.8 TOTAL 5.1 9.4 Lawndale Class I Bike Path 0.0 0.4 Class II Bike Lane 0.0 9.7 Class III Bike Route 0.0 0.4 Bicycle Friendly Street 0.0 9.2 TOTAL 0.0 19.7 Page 40 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xix City Existing Mileage Proposed Mileage Manhattan Beach Class I Bike Path 2.1 0.2 Class II Bike Lane 0.0 7.0 Class III Bike Route 1.1 7.1 Bicycle Friendly Street 0.0 16.7 TOTAL 3.2 31.0 Redondo Beach Class I Bike Path 3.5 0.8 Class II Bike Lane 5.9 18.9 Class III Bike Route 4.7 7.5 Bicycle Friendly Street 0.0 10.9 TOTAL 14.1 38.1 Torrance Class I Bike Path 0.0 0.5 Class II Bike Lane 14.3 28.0 Class III Bike Route 15.0 16.2 Bicycle Friendly Street 0.0 18.3 TOTAL 29.3 63.0 TOTAL 73.2 213.8 . Page 41 of 535 Executive Summary xx | Alta Planning + Design 7.0 Existing Bicycle Facilities in the South Bay region Page 42 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xxi Proposed Bicycle Facilities in the South Bay region Page 43 of 535 Executive Summary xxii | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 44 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xxiii Proposed Bicycle Facilities in El Segundo Page 45 of 535 Executive Summary xxiv | Alta Planning + Design Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Gardena Page 46 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xxv Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Hermosa Beach Page 47 of 535 Executive Summary xxvi | Alta Planning + Design Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Lawndale Page 48 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xxvii Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Manhattan Beach Page 49 of 535 Executive Summary xxviii | Alta Planning + Design Proposed Bicycle Facilities in North Redondo Beach Page 50 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xxix Proposed Bicycle Facilities in South Redondo Beach Page 51 of 535 Executive Summary xxx | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 52 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | xxxi Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Torrance Page 53 of 535 Executive Summary xxxii | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank Page 54 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 1 Chapter 1 Introduction Page 55 of 535 Chapter One | Introduction 2 | Alta Planning + Design Page 56 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 3 1 Introduction The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan is intended to guide the development and maintenance of a comprehensive bicycle network and set of programs throughout the cities of El Segundo, Gardena, Hermosa Beach, Lawndale, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance for the next 20 years. This chapter introduces the seven participating South Bay cities and the South Bay region as a whole. It also presents the reasons for creating the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan, how the community has been involved in the planning process, and the framework for the ensuing chapters. 1.1 Setting The South Bay region is located in southwest Los Angeles County and includes the cities along and inland of southern Santa Monica Bay. This bicycle master plan focuses specifically on seven cities within the South Bay region that have agreed to participate in this planning effort. Together, these cities comprise approximately 45 square miles of land area and have a combined population of over 350,000. The seven participating cities vary in size, population, socioeconomic factors, and climate, as well as in existing levels of bicycle infrastructure and bicycle usage. Figure 1-1 displays the South Bay master plan cities within the Los Angeles region, and Table 1-1 shows the population statistics for each city as compared to the project area as a whole. Table 1-1: Population of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Cities Location Population Percent Project Area Population El Segundo 15,970 4.4% Gardena 57,818 16.0% Hermosa Beach 18,442 5.1% Lawndale 31,729 8.8% Manhattan Beach 34,039 9.5% Redondo Beach 63,261 17.6% Torrance 137,933 38.4% TOTAL 359,192 100% Source: U.S. Census 2000 Bicyclists in the South Bay. Photo Source: Kelly Morphy/WALC Institute for Vitality City Page 57 of 535 Chapter One | Introduction 4 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 1-1: South Bay master plan cities within the Los Angeles region Page 58 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 5 The South Bay currently faces several barriers to bicycling. This region is an area dominated by the automobile. Many streets carry high volumes of vehicles traveling at fast speeds (see Appendix A- 1) creating challenging road conditions for bicyclists. Roads with fewer motorized vehicles are often residential streets that do not connect or end in cul-de-sacs, forcing bicyclists to travel far out of their way to reach their destinations. There is also a lack of regional bicycle connectivity between South Bay cities illustrated by bicycle facilities dropping at city boundaries, such as the bicycle lanes on Sepulveda Boulevard in Torrance stopping once the street enters Redondo Beach (see Appendix A-2). 1.2 Purpose of the Bicycle Master Plan The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan provides a broad vision, as well as strategies and actions, to improve conditions for bicycling throughout the seven participating South Bay cities and address the barriers to bicycling discussed above. As a means of bettering the bicycling environment, this Plan provides direction for expanding the existing bikeway network, connecting gaps in and between the participating cities, and ensuring greater local and regional connectivity. The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan recommends a network in which bicyclists will be able to pass through the participating cities to reach their destinations without losing bicycle facilities at city boundaries, which will also allow residents of adjacent cities to benefit from the bicycle system. In addition to providing recommendations for bikeways and support facilities, the Plan offers recommendations for education, encouragement, enforcement, and evaluation programs. In its recommendations, the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan includes facilities and programs that will encourage people of all ages and levels of ability to bike more frequently. Supported by data collected nationally since 2006, planners developed categories to address Americans’ ‘varying attitudes’ towards bicycling, which are shown in Figure 1-2. As illustrated, less than one percent of Americans comprise a group of bicyclists who are ‘Strong and Fearless’. These bicyclists typically ride anywhere on any roadway regardless of roadway conditions, weather, or the availability of bicycle facilities. The strong and fearless bicyclists can ride faster than other user types, prefer direct routes, and will typically choose roadway connections – even if shared with vehicles – over separate bicycle facilities such as bicycle paths. This category of bicyclists will be less affected by this Plan than the following groups. Figure 1-2: Typical Distribution of Bicyclists in the United States Page 59 of 535 Chapter One | Introduction 6 | Alta Planning + Design Approximately seven percent of Americans fall under the category of ‘Enthused & Confident’ bicyclists who are confident and mostly comfortable riding on all types of bicycle facilities, but will usually prefer low traffic streets or multi-use pathways when available. These bicyclists may deviate from a more direct route in favor of a preferred facility type. This group includes all kinds of bicyclists including commuters, recreationalists, racers, and utilitarian bicyclists. The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan will provide this group of bicyclists more bicycle facility options, which should create a more comfortable bicycling environment for them. The remainder of the American population does not currently ride a bicycle regularly, in large part due to perceived safety risks from riding with traffic. This Plan will affect the following two groups the most as it will provide for the facilities and programs that should encourage them to ride or ride more often. Approximately 60 percent of the population can be categorized as ‘Interested but Concerned’ and represents bicyclists who typically only ride a bicycle on low traffic streets or bicycle paths under favorable conditions and weather. These bicyclists may ride more regularly with encouragement, education, experience, and the availability of bicycle infrastructure. Approximately 33 percent of Americans are not bicyclists. They are referred to in the diagram as ‘No Way, No How.’ Some people in this group may eventually consider bicycling and may progress to one of the user types above. A significant portion of these people will never ride a bicycle under any circumstances. According to results from the South Bay bicycling survey administered in December of 2010 (see Section 1.5) 53 percent of respondents indicated that they are confident bicyclists and ride regardless of the availability of bicycle facilities. However, it is important to note that survey respondents were a self-selected group and are not necessarily representative of the entire South Bay region. This Plan aims to shift people into higher categories, especially those in the “Interested but concerned” category into the “Enthused and confident” category, by improving the bicycling conditions in the South Bay participating cities. In addition, the Plan targets improvements for recreational and sport bicyclists as there is a large and growing group of them in the South Bay. The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan should increase the numbers of new bicyclists and bicycle trips in the region by providing a safer Replacing vehicular trips with bicycle trips reduces human-generated greenhouse gases that are associated with climate change. Page 60 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 7 bicycling environment. The availability of bicycle infrastructure has been found to reduce bicycle collision rates and the frequency of injury collisions. In a 2009 study published in Environmental Health, Reynolds et al investigated transportation infrastructure that reduced injuries and crashes of bicyclists. The study found that on- street bicycle facilities that separated vehicles and bicyclists, mainly bicycle lanes, reduced the number of collisions between bicyclists and motorists. Pavement markings, such as intersection crossing markings, and marked bicycle routes also minimized crashes as they alerted motorists to the presence of bicyclists. Certain roadway characteristics, including wide streets and lack of lighting, increased the severity of injury collisions.1 The City of New York recently added a significant amount of new bicycle infrastructure and has seen a steady increase in ridership, as well. Along with more bicycle facilities and bicyclists, annual casualties from bicycle collisions have also decreased. Appendix B presents the City’s detailed data. 1.3 Bicycle Facility Types The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan recommends four broad categories of bicycle facilities. The first three, Class I, II, and III, are defined by the State of California in the California Streets and Highways Code Section 890.4. The fourth category, bicycle-friendly streets, has emerged recently as a distinct facility type. Although bicycle-friendly streets are not yet codified by the State of California, they have been implemented with success in cities such as Berkeley, CA and Long Beach, CA. Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4 illustrate recommended cross-sections for the four types of bicycle facilities, which are discussed in the following sections. Minimum standards are presented in Appendix C. 1 Reynolds, C., Harris, M.A., Teschke, K., Cripton, P.A., Winters, M. (2009). The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: a review of the literature. Environmental Health 8, 47. The City of New York recently added a significant amount of bicycle infrastructure and has seen a steady increase in ridership, as well. Page 61 of 535 Chapter One | Introduction 8 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 1-3: Bicycle Path and Bicycle Lane Recommended Standards Page 62 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 9 Figure 1-4: Bicycle Route and Bicycle Friendly Streets Recommended Standards Page 63 of 535 Chapter One | Introduction 10 | Alta Planning + Design 1.3.1 Class I Bike Paths Class I Bike Paths are paved right-of-way for exclusive use by bicyclists, pedestrians, and those using non-motorized modes of transportation. Class I facilities can be constructed in roadway right-of-way or can have exclusive right-of-way off-street, such as in utility corridors. Bike Paths are beneficial to a bicycle network because they provide an alternative for bicyclists that do not feel comfortable riding with automobile traffic. When shared with pedestrians or other non-motorized modes, Class I bike paths are generally slower moving than other facility types. While they can be used by commuters to safely get to and from work, they are generally most popular with recreational cyclists, as illustrated by The Strand in the beach cities. 1.3.2 Class II Bike Lanes Class II Bike Lanes are striped and signed on-street travel lanes exclusively for bicycles. Bike lanes provide physical separation from automobile traffic and appeal to bicyclists with moderate to high levels of experience. Because they often provide the most direct connections, these facilities tend to be most popular with experienced bicycle commuters. 1.3.3 Class III Bike Routes Class III Bike Routes share the right-of-way between vehicles and bicyclists with signage and optional shared lane markings to indicate that the road is a shared use facility. Class III facilities are typically recommended for:  Streets with relatively low traffic speeds (25 mph or less) and lower volumes (<3,000 ADT) such that less experienced bicyclists will feel comfortable bicycling with mixed traffic  Streets with traffic speeds in excess of 25 mph and volumes greater than 3,000 ADT that normally warrant bike lanes but because of curb-to-curb or other ROW constraints, bicyclists must share traffic lanes with motorists; careful consideration must be given to designating these streets as shared roadways to ensure that roadway conditions are safe for bicyclists Class I Bike Paths are paved rights-of-way for exclusive use by bicyclists, pedestrians, and those using non-motorized modes of transportation. Page 64 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 11 1.3.4 Bike Friendly Streets Bike friendly streets are local roads that have been enhanced with treatments that prioritize children, pedestrians, neighborhood traffic, and bicycles, and discourage cut-through traffic. Bike friendly streets include a wide range of treatment options, and thus the cost of implementation varies dramatically, as well. The list below includes example treatments of bike friendly streets:  Wayfinding signage  Pavement markings  Traffic calming (bulb-outs, traffic diverters, chicanes, speed humps)  High visibility pedestrian crosswalks  Bicycle detectors at intersections  Bicycle crossing signals 1.4 Benefits of Bicycling Planning to create a more bicycle friendly region contributes to resolving several complex and interrelated issues, including traffic congestion, air quality, climate change, public health, and livability. By guiding the seven participating cities toward bicycle friendly development, this plan can affect all of these issue areas, which collectively can have a profound influence on the existing and future quality of life in the South Bay. 1.4.1 Environmental/Climate Change Benefits Replacing vehicular trips with bicycle trips has a measurable impact on reducing human-generated greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere that contribute to climate change.2 Fewer vehicle trips and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) translates into reduced fuel consumption and subsequently fewer mobile source pollutants, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons, being released into the air. Providing transportation options that reduce VMT is an important component of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality. 1.4.2 Public Health Benefits Public health professionals have become increasingly aware that the impacts of automobiles on public health extend far beyond 2 Gotschi, Thomas (2011). Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon. Journal of Physical Activity and Health (8), S49-S58. Bike friendky streets are local roads that have been enhanced with treatments that prioritize children, pedestrians, neighborhood traffic, and bicycles, and discourage cut-through traffic. Page 65 of 535 Chapter One | Introduction 12 | Alta Planning + Design asthma and other respiratory conditions caused by air pollution. There is a much deeper understanding of the connection between the lack of physical activity resulting from auto-oriented community designs and various health-related problems. Although diet and genetic predisposition contribute to these conditions, physical inactivity is now widely understood to play a significant role in the most common chronic diseases in the United States, including heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, and approximately 280,000 adults in the US die prematurely due to obesity-related illnesses every year.3 A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine in 2004 by Frank et al reported that for each extra 60 minutes spent in a car there was a six percent increase in the chance of being obese4. A survey conducted by Vitality City administered from September 30, 2010 to November 27, 2010 reported that 60 percent of respondents from Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, and Manhattan Beach considered themselves overweight or obese; 25 percent have had high cholesterol; and 23 percent have had high blood pressure.5 In Los Angeles County as a whole, more than 20 percent of children in 5th, 7th and 9th grades are obese; 58 percent of adults are overweight or obese; and obesity rates continue to rise among adults, school-age children and kids as young as three to four years of age.6 46 percent of the Beach Cities respondents of the Vitality City survey also reported feeling stressed for a significant portion of the day. Creating bicycle-friendly communities is one of several effective ways to encourage active lifestyles, ideally resulting in a higher proportion of residents of the South Bay achieving increased activity levels and lower stress levels. Increased physical activity also has the potential to lower medical expenditures associated with obesity-related illnesses for South Bay residents. In a 2011 study published in the Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Thomas Gotschi assessed the reduction in medical costs that Portland will 3 Allison D.B., Fontaine K.R., Manson J.E., Stevens J., VanIttallie T.B. Annual deaths attributable to obesity in the United States. JAMA 1999(282), 1530-1538. 4 Frank L.D., Andresen M.A., Schmid T.L. (2004). Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 4(11), 11-13. 5http://hermosabeach.patch.com/articles/vitality-city-survey-residents- healthy-but-stressed 6 RENEW-LAC http://www.choosehealthla.com/eat-healthy/ In Los Angeles County as a whole, more than 20 percent of children in 5th, 7th, and 9th grades are obese. Creating bicycle-friendly environments is one of several effective ways to encourage active lifestyles. Page 66 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 13 experience from its investments in bicycling. He estimated that a half hour of bicycling everyday will reduce medical costs by $544 per person per year.7 1.4.3 Economic Benefits Bicycling is economically advantageous to individuals and communities. Replacing driving with bicycling reduces a person’s expenses on vehicle maintenance, fuel costs, and insurance fees. These savings are accompanied by potential reductions in health care costs by participating in regular exercise and minimizing health complications associated with an inactive lifestyle. On a community scale, bicycle infrastructure projects are generally far less expensive than automobile-related infrastructure. Further, shifting a greater share of daily trips to bike trips reduces the impact on the region’s transportation system, thus reducing the need for improvements and expansion projects. Bicycle-friendly neighborhoods have also been found to increase property values. Transit Oriented Developments (TODs), for example, are designed to encourage walking, bicycling, and use of public transit so that residents of these developments can be less dependent on motor vehicles. In a 2011 study published in Urban Studies, Michael Duncan reported that people were willing to pay more for condominiums in San Diego, CA located closer to transit stations,8 while homes within a half mile of bikeway trail improvements experienced a $13,000 increase in property values.9 Increased bicycling also has the potential to increase sales at local businesses. Bicyclists might have more disposable income from fewer vehicle-related expenditures and as seen in Toronto’s Bloor Street, cyclists visit their local shops and spend more than their motorist counterparts.10 7 Gotschi, Thomas (2011). Costs and Benefits of Bicycling Investments in Portland, Oregon. Journal of Physical Activity and Health (8), S49-S58. 8 Duncan, M. (2011). The impact of transit-oriented development on housing prices in San Diego, CA. Urban Studies 48, 101. 9 Lindsey G, Man J, Payton S, et al. “Property Values, Recreation Values, and Urban Greenways.” Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 22(3): 69–90, 2004. 10 Sztabinski, F. (2009). Bike Lanes, On-Street Parking and Business. Clean Air Partnership 18-20. A 2004 study found that homes within a half mile of bikeway trail improvements experienced a $13,000 increase in property values. Page 67 of 535 Chapter One | Introduction 14 | Alta Planning + Design 1.4.4 Community/Quality of Life Benefits Fostering conditions where bicycling is accepted and encouraged increases a city’s livability from a number of different perspectives that are often difficult to measure, but nevertheless important. The design, land use patterns, and transportation systems that comprise the built environment have a profound impact on quality of life issues. Studies have found that people living in communities with built environments that promote bicycling and walking tend to be more socially active, civically engaged, and are more likely to know their neighbors11; whereas urban sprawl has been correlated with social and mental health problems, including stress.12 The aesthetic quality of a community improves when visual and noise pollution caused by automobiles is reduced and when green space is reserved for facilities that enable people of all ages to recreate and commute in pleasant settings. 1.4.5 Safety Benefits Conflicts between bicyclists and motorists result from poor riding and/or driving behavior, as well as insufficient or ineffective facility design. Encouraging development and redevelopment in which bicycle travel is fostered improves the overall safety of the roadway environment for all users. Well-designed bicycle facilities improve security for current bicyclists and also encourage more people to bike. This in turn can further improve bicycling safety. Studies have shown that the frequency of bicycle collisions has an inverse relationship to bicycling rates – more people on bicycles equates to fewer crashes.13 Providing information and educational opportunities about safe and lawful interactions between bicyclists and other roadway users also improves safety. 1.5 Public Participation Community outreach is a critical part of the planning process as it helps to identify the needs of bicyclists in the study area. The public participated in the creation of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan through an online survey and two community workshops. 11 Leyden, K. 2003. Social Capital and the Built Environment: The Importance of Walkable Neighborhoods. American Journal of Public Health 93: 1546-51. 12 Frumkin, H. 2002. Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Public Health Reports 117: 201-17. 13 Jacobsen, P. Safety in Numbers: More Walkers and Bicyclists, Safer Walking and Bicycling. Injury Prevention, 9: 205-209. 2003. The seven participating cities each held two public workshops to collect public input on the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. Page 68 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 15 To reach a broad cross-section of the public, the South Bay Bicycle Coalition, the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition, and the participating cities employed a variety of media and tactics, including:  Radio advertisements  Advertisements in newspapers, both print and online  Advertisements in fitness magazines  Flyers posted throughout the participating cities, at schools, bike shops, and community centers  Advertisements on the city cable stations  An advertisement on the I-405 digital marquee  Facebook  Emails  In-person presentations to a variety of community groups and volunteer organizations  Press releases  Door-to-door flyering  Presentations at various commission meetings  Website postings on each City’s homepage and events calendar  Communications with Vitality City, an initiative of the Beach Cities Health District 1.5.1 Bicycling Survey With input from seven participating cities, Alta Planning + Design, the South Bay Bicycle Coalition and Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition staff developed an online survey to determine the participating South Bay cities’ general needs and concerns surrounding bicycling. The survey was available online from December 15, 2010 to February 8, 2011. It was distributed to the staff liaisons in each of the participating cities and emailed to all members of the South Bay Bicycle Coalition. As an incentive to complete the survey, respondents were entered to win a $100 gift certificate to Hermosa Cyclery in Hermosa Beach. A total of 277 people completed the survey. The data collected from respondents describe the bicycling needs, preferences, and behaviors of the South Bay community. Feedback pertaining to desired bicycle and bicycle support facilities is discussed in each City’s chapter and a detailed summary of the survey results is presented in Appendix D. LACBC, SBBC, and the participating cities used a variety of media and tactics to reach a broad cross-section of the public. Page 69 of 535 Chapter One | Introduction 16 | Alta Planning + Design 1.5.2 Public Workshops The seven participating cities each held two public workshops throughout the planning process for the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. The first round of workshops were conducted as “open house” style at which attendees had the opportunity to view maps displaying the existing bicycling conditions in the region and provide feedback on what they would like to see implemented in the future. The first round of workshops were very well attended and had a considerable impact on the selection of corridors for improvements and on the content of the proposed programs. The second round of public workshops took place in June through July of 2011. These workshops were also very well attended and workshop attendees provided input on a draft of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan as well as draft maps of proposed improvements. 1.6 Plan Organization For the most part, the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan is organized by participating city. This makes it easier for local stakeholders – such as city staff, decision makers, and residents – to find the material that is relevant to them. There are a few region-wide topics that are not organized by city, such as the goals, objectives, and policy actions framework established in Chapter 2. The plan is broken into the following chapters:  Chapter 2: Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions summarizes existing regional plans and policies that relate to the bicycle planning efforts in the South Bay, as well as region-wide goals, objectives, and policy actions for the seven participating cities  Chapter 3: El Segundo presents the existing bicycling conditions that influenced recommendations in this Plan, as well as proposed policies and bicycle facilities in the City of El Segundo  Chapter 4: Gardena presents the existing bicycling conditions that influenced recommendations in this Plan, as well as proposed policies and bicycle facilities in the City of Gardena  Chapter 5: Hermosa Beach presents the existing bicycling conditions that influenced recommendations in this Plan, as well as proposed policies and bicycle facilities in the City of Hermosa Beach The first and second round of public workshops for the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan were well attended. Page 70 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 17  Chapter 6: Lawndale presents the existing bicycling conditions that influenced recommendations in this Plan, as well as proposed policies and bicycle facilities in the City of Lawndale  Chapter 7: Manhattan Beach presents the existing bicycling conditions that influenced recommendations in this Plan, as well as proposed policies and bicycle facilities in the City of Manhattan Beach  Chapter 8: Redondo Beach presents the existing bicycling conditions that influenced recommendations in this Plan, as well as proposed policies and bicycle facilities in the City of Redondo Beach  Chapter 9: Torrance presents the existing bicycling conditions that influenced recommendations in this Plan, as well as proposed policies and bicycle facilities in the City of Torrance  Chapter 10: Recommended Programs discusses proposed education, encouragement, and enforcement programs, as well as public awareness campaigns to increase bicycling in the participating cities; it also presents methods for monitoring and evaluating the success of the Plan  Chapter 11: Wayfinding and Signage Plan presents the region-wide signage plan to make South Bay bikeways and key destinations easier to navigate to by bicycle  Chapter 12: Funding discusses potential funding sources to help the participating cities to implement their proposed bicycle networks Chapter 11: Wayfinding and Signage Plan presentsthe region-wide signage plan to make South Bay bikeways and key destinations easier to navigate to by bicycle. Page 71 of 535 18 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 72 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 19 Chapter 2 Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions Page 73 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 20 | Alta Planning + Design Page 74 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 21 2 Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions The vision of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan is to create a bicycle-oriented South Bay region in which bicycling is a safe, convenient, attractive, and viable transportation option for all levels of bicycling abilities. This chapter outlines the goals, objectives, and policies that support this vision and will serve as guidelines in the development of a bicycle-friendly South Bay. These policies provide the framework and accountability for plan implementation. This chapter also includes the goals, objectives, and policy actions’ relationship with regional existing plans and policies as mandated by State law. The relationship to existing City-specific plans and policies is located in each City’s chapter. 2.1 South Bay Goals, Objectives, and Policies In order to ensure a thorough and successful planning process, it is important to establish a set of goals, objectives, and policies that will serve as the basis for the recommendations in this Plan. The goals, objectives, and policies in this Plan are derived from information gathered over the course of the planning process, including community input from public workshops, as well as a review of bicycle master plans from other cities. Goals are broad statements that express general public priorities. Goals are formulated based on the identification of key issues, opportunities, and problems that affect the bikeway system and were formed by public input. Objectives are more specific than goals and are usually attainable through strategic planning and implementation activities. Implementation of an objective contributes to the fulfillment of a goal. Policies are rules and courses of action used to ensure plan implementation. Policies often accomplish a number of objectives. Policies are generally carried out by the City. In the case that a particular group or individual is identified, the City will ensure those groups or individuals are in place to carry forward their responsibility or will find other means to implement the relevant policies. The vision of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan is to create a bicycle-oriented South Bay region in which bicycling is a safe, convenient, attractive, and viable transportation option for all levels of bicycling abilities. Page 75 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 22 | Alta Planning + Design The following tables outline the goals, objectives, and policies of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. Each policy has an implementation time frame assigned to it ranging from immediate (2012), to the first 0-5 years (2012-2017), 5-10 years (2017-2022), or ongoing throughout the length of the 20-year plan starting in 2012 (2012-2032). Page 76 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 23 Goal 1.0: Create a Bicycle-Friendly South Bay Create a bicycle-friendly environment throughout the South Bay region for all types of bicycle riders and all trip purposes in accordance with the 6 Es (Equity, Education, Encouragement, Enforcement, Engineering, Evaluation) as a means of improving regional health, increased road safety, reduced carbon emissions and an overall increase in bike ridership. Objective 1.1 Connectivity through an Expanded Bikeway Network Expand the existing bicycle network to provide a comprehensive, regional network of Class I, Class II, and Class III facilities that increases connectivity between homes, jobs, public transit, schools and recreational resources for a variety of road users in the South Bay. Policy Actions 1.1.1 Develop a 20-year implementation strategy for the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan that will begin to implement the policies and facilities herein. Schedule: 2012 1.1.2 Develop an extensive bikeway network through the use of standard and appropriate innovative treatments as provided in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices or the National Association of City Transportation Officials Urban Bikeway Design Guide and other such guidelines and standards, with available funding. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.1.3 Establish Bicycle Friendly Streets to encourage bicycling on streets with low traffic volumes (existing ADT under 7,000 and 3,000 ADT after implementation) and slow speeds (25 mph or under). Appropriate streets will be determined by staff review. Schedule: 2012 - 2032 1.1.4 Review and encourage implementation of policies and facilities proposed in the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan whenever planning new bicycle facilities or Capital Improvement Projects that may be related to bicycle improvements. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.1.5 Incorporate the proposed policies, facilities and programs from the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan in whole or by reference into the City’s Circulation Element upon future General Plan updates. Schedule: 0 – 5 years 1.1.6 Coordinate with adjoining jurisdictions on bicycle planning and implementation activities on east-west corridors to link inland cities to coastal resources and on north-south corridors to link the region to neighboring communities. Schedule: 2012-2032 Objective 1.2 Consistent Design and Engineering for Bicycles Promote safe and equitable bicycle access on all roadways by integrating bicycle travel considerations into all roadway planning, design, construction and maintenance, as well as incorporation of Complete Street standards into all Capital improvements, in accordance with AB 1358. Page 77 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 24 | Alta Planning + Design Policy Actions 1.2.1 Evaluate and encourage reallocation of roadway rights-of-way where appropriate to accommodate bicycling and bicycle facilities. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.2.2 Consider adopting Complete Streets policies that are incorporated into all Capital Improvements and generally align with the policy elements defined by the National Complete Streets Coalition (see Appendix N for policy language from the Complete Streets Act of 2008 and complete streets policies from the National Complete Streets Coalition ). Schedule: 1.2.3 Prioritize opportunities that improve walkability and bikeability by utilizing Complete Streets standards for all Capital Improvement Projects. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.2.4 Consider removal of on-street parking to accommodate striped bike lanes, to the extent feasible. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.2.5 Ensure that existing on-street bicycle routes, bicycle lanes, and off-street bicycle paths are appropriately signed, marked, and/or traffic-calmed. Schedule: 0-5 years 1.2.6 Promote consistent signage that directs bicyclists to neighborhood destinations and increases the visibility of the regional bicycle network and is consistent with the signage plan herein. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.2.7 Provide amenities and enhancements, such as traffic calming treatments, streetscape improvements, bicycle parking and wayfinding signage along City bikeways that increase their utility and convenience for all bicyclists. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.2.8 Explore the use of the “sharrow” markings on all existing and proposed Class III facilities, as feasible and in accordance with the most current edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Schedule: 0-5 years 1.2.9 Coordinate bicycle facility improvements or upgrades with the City’s resurfacing schedule. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.2.10 Explore opportunities to include bicycle detection as part of all traffic signal improvements in conformance with the current edition of the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, to the extent feasible. Page 78 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 25 Schedule: 2012-2032 1.2.11 Considering adopting an updated streets and highways manual that includes comprehensive Complete Streets standards. Schedule: 0-5 years 1.2.12 Begin to utilize new signage, markings and facility designs as new and innovative treatments become adopted standards at the State and Federal levels. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.2.13 Consider instituting a pilot program that will test new facility types aimed at improving bicycle safety and convenience before they are adopted standards. Schedule: 2012-2032 Objective 1.3 Increased Mobility through Bicycle-Transit Integration Further improve access to major employment and activity centers and encourage multi-modal travel for longer trip distance by supporting bicycle-transit integration. Policy Actions 1.3.1 Support the development of bicycle facilities that provide access to regional and local public transit services. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.3.2 Coordinate with transit providers to ensure bicycles can be accommodated on all forms of transit vehicles in the immediate future and that adequate space is devoted to their storage on board whenever possible. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.3.3 Coordinate with transit agencies to install and maintain convenient and secure short-term and long-term bike parking facilities – racks, on-demand bike lockers, in-station bike storage, and staffed or automated bicycle parking facilities – at transit stops, stations, and terminals. Schedule: 5-10 years 1.3.4 Provide current and relevant information to bicyclists regarding bike parking opportunities and bicycle access located at transit stations through a variety of formats, such as on City websites and regional bike maps. Schedule: 0-5 years Objective 1.4 Provide Convenient and Consistent Bicycle Parking Facilities Encourage the use of bicycles for everyday transportation by ensuring the provision of convenient and secure bicycle parking and support facilities region-wide and promote facilities to the public. Policy Actions 1.4.1 Establish bicycle parking standards for City-owned bicycle parking facilities that address the location, design and capacity that should be provided by all City bicycle parking facilities. Schedule: 0-5 years 1.4.2 Install and support high-quality, bicycle parking within the public right-of-way and on public property, especially in high demand locations, such as near commercial centers, Page 79 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 26 | Alta Planning + Design employment centers, schools, colleges and parks. Schedule: 5-10 years 1.4.3 Consider providing bicycle parking (sheltered where feasible and appropriate) at all new and existing City-owned facilities, public parking lots and recreational facilities that will support an appropriate ratio of the estimated employees and daily visitors of that location. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.4.4 Consider adopting bicycle parking ordinances or modifying existing sections of the municipal code to require bicycle-parking in new large commercial or multi-family developments. Cities with existing bike parking ordinances or Municipal Code sections exempted. Schedule: 0-5 years 1.4.5 To the extent feasible, consider conditions of approval or appropriate incentives for new commercial developments and employment to provide showers and clothing lockers along with secure bike parking in areas where employment density warrants. Schedule: 2012-2032 1.4.6 Consider amending the Municipal Code to decrease the number of required automobile parking spaces in commercial buildings where bicycle parking is provided, as feasible and appropriate. Schedule: 0-5 years 1.4.7 Require secure bike parking at large or heavily attended events or destinations, by providing permanent bicycle parking facilities at event locations or requiring use of temporary portable facilities, such as bike valets. Schedule: 0-5 years 1.4.8 Work with Metro, local transit agencies and adjacent property owners to provide bicycle parking in proximity to bus stops and other transit facilities. Schedule: 2012-2032 Page 80 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 27 Goal 2.0: Create a Safer Bicycling Environment in the South Bay Create a safe bicycling environment in the South Bay through comprehensive education of all road users, enforcement efforts focused on cycling safety and reduced cycling conflicts, and consistent maintenance of a variety of bikeways. Objective 2.1 Increase Bicycle Education and Awareness for All Road Users Increase education of bicycle safety through programs and trainings of the general public and City employees. Policy Actions 2.1.1 Partner with local bike advocacy groups, bicycle related businesses, or other such organizations to provide bicycle-safety curricula to the general public and targeted populations, including diverse age, income, and ethnic groups. Schedule: 0-5 years 2.1.2 Provide multi-lingual bicycle safety information in languages that are widely used throughout the South Bay region. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.1.3 Work with local bike advocacy groups and schools to develop and provide bicycle-safety curricula for use in elementary, middle, and high schools. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.1.4 Support continuous bicycle education to City staff that are involved in the design or other such decisions that affect roadways; such as traffic engineers, planners, public works engineers, and parks and recreation staff. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.1.5 Support programs and public service announcements that educate motorists, bicyclists, and the general public about bicycle operation, bicyclists’ rights and responsibilities, and safe road-sharing behavior via city’s website, local newspapers, and other such publications. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.1.6 Provide increased bicycle safety education to law enforcement that focuses on safe cycling, relevant traffic laws, and safe sharing of the roadway. Schedule: 2012-2032 Objective 2.2 Enforcement for Improved Cycling Safety Increase enforcement activities that enhance safety of bicyclists on bike paths and roadways. Policy Actions 2.2.1 As appropriate and feasible, increase enforcement of unsafe bicyclist and motorist behaviors and laws that reduce bicycle/motor vehicle collisions and conflicts, and bike lane obstruction. Schedule: 2012-2032 Page 81 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 28 | Alta Planning + Design 2.2.2 Explore opportunities to increase motorist awareness of possibility of the presence of bicyclists, specifically at locations with a high incidence of bicycle collisions. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.2.3 To the extent feasible, consider utilizing bicycle-mounted patrol officers to promote bicycling awareness, prominence and law enforcement accessibility. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.2.4 Develop or promote existing mechanisms for reporting behaviors that endanger cyclists. Schedule: 2012-2032 Objective 2.3 Maintenance for Safe and Consistent Bikeability Maintain bikeways that are clear of debris and provide safe riding conditions. Policy Actions 2.3.1 Coordinate with Public Works Department regarding existing routine maintenance schedules for bikeway sweeping, litter removal, landscaping, re-striping, signage, and signal actuation devices to provide increased priority to bike facilities. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.3.2 Prioritize roadways with existing or proposed bike facilities in the City’s street resurfacing plan, as necessary or appropriate. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.3.3 Plan for bicyclist safety during construction and maintenance activities, including prominent signage and public announcements regarding construction and improvements that may affect bicycle travel. Schedule: 2012-2032 2.3.4 Establish a maintenance reporting program to receive and respond to issues that impact bicyclist safety, such as potholes and street sweeping. Schedule: 2012-2032 Page 82 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 29 Goal 3.0: Ensure an Enduring Bicycling Culture Develop infrastructure and a City-wide culture that respects and accommodates all users of the road, leading to a more balanced transportation system and measurable increases in bike ridership. Objective 3.1 Partner with Local Bike Advocacy Groups Foster community support for bicycling by raising public awareness about bicycling and supporting programs that encourage more people to bicycle. Policy Actions 3.1.1 Partner with local bike advocacy groups to publicize updated bike maps, safety tips, bike events, classes and commuting advice. Schedule: 0-5 years 3.1.2 Provide information to local bike groups, such as the South Bay Bicycle Coalition, to assist in promoting bicycling at public events, such as Bike to Work Day/Month and various City events. Schedule: 0-5 years 3.1.3 Upon meeting eligibility requirements, apply for designation of “Bicycle Friendly Community” through the League of American Bicyclists. Schedule: 0-5 years 3.1.4 Pending funding availability, expand bicycle promotion and incentive programs for City employees to serve as a model program for other South Bay employers. Schedule: 0-5 years Objective 3.2 Continuous Evaluation of Implementation and Performance Establish accountability mechanisms that will ensure the plan’s success through continuous monitoring of the implementation progress of Bicycle Master Plan policies, programs, and projects. Policy Actions 3.2.1 Designate a Mobility Coordinator within the City or assist the South Bay Cities Council of Governments (SBCCOG) in establishing a regional position to coordinate and oversee implementation of bike facilities, programs, grant applications and data collection, and provide regular updates to SBCCOG’s Livable Communities Working Group and City Councils regarding plan implementation and progress. Schedule: 2012 3.2.2 Mobility Coordinator or designated city staff will track city and/or region-wide benefits of plan implementation and trends in bicycle commuting through the use of Census data, travel surveys, and volunteer-led bicycle counts. Schedule: 2012-2032 3.2.3 Mobility Coordinator or designated city staff will also regularly monitor bicycle safety and seek a continuous reduction in bicycle-related collisions on a per capita basis over the next twenty years. Page 83 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 30 | Alta Planning + Design Schedule: 2012-2032 3.2.4 Mobility Coordinator or designated City staff will ensure that Bicycle Master Plan programs and projects are implemented in an equitable manner, both geographically and socioeconomically. Schedule: 2012-2032 3.2.5 Designate a council liaison to serve on a regional Bicycle Advisory Committee (BAC) comprised of community members and council members from each City that will meet regularly and will monitor the progress of bikeway implementation for each City. Schedule: 2012-2032 3.2.6 To ensure continued eligibility for additional funding, update the City’s section of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan every five (5) years. Schedule: 2012-2032 3.2.7 Amend the Municipal Code to require a public hearing with the appropriate Traffic, Public Works, Planning, or other such Commission for the removal of any existing bikeway. Cities with such existing policy are exempted. Schedule: 0-5 years 3.2.8 Coordinate with SBCCOG to integrate the electric local use vehicle program with proposed bike facilities and programs, as appropriate and as government code and guidelines allow. Schedule: 2012-2032 Objective 3.3 Consistently Apply for Available Funding Sources Ensure implementation of bikeways in the South Bay is prompt and continuous by consistently applying to the numerous local, state and federal funding sources available for which the City is eligible. Policy Actions 3.3.1 To the extent feasible, consistently pursue diverse sources of funding and support efforts to maintain or increase federal, state and local funding for the implementation of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan programs and infrastructures. Funding sources that may be applied for annually or bi-annually as well as apportioned funds that may be partially dedicated to bicycle projects, include the following: A. Metro Call for Projects (bi-annual) B. State Safe Routes to School Funding (annual) C. Office of Traffic Safety Grants (annual) D. Caltrans Highway Safety Improvement Program (annual) E. Federal Safe Routes to School Funding (annual) F. Prop A Funds (annual) G. Coastal Conservancy Funds (annual) H. Federal Lanes Highway Funds (annual) Page 84 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 31 I. Caltrans Bicycle Transportation Account (annual) J. Caltrans Community Based Transportation Planning Grant (annual) K. Prop C Transportation Demand Management Funds (annual) Schedule: 2012-2032 3.3.2 Reference the prioritized project list provided in this plan when determining how to prioritize funding applications and City budget allocations for bikeways and support facilities. Schedule: 2012-2032 3.3.3 Mobility Coordinator or designated City staff should coordinate bicycle improvement funding applications among all involved cities to increase probability of receiving grant funding. Schedule: 2012-2032 3.3.4 Mobility Coordinator or designated City staff will develop a regular report to City Council that will include a summary of funds applied for, funding applications due in the short term, and an overview of implementation progress. Schedule: 2012-2032 3.3.5 Consider a bicycle improvements line item in the City’s Capital Improvements Program (CIP). Schedule: 2012-2032 3.3.6 Consider allocating a proportional percentage of the City’s local return Measure R funds specifically to active transportation infrastructure, such as bicycle and pedestrian facilities. Schedule: 0-5 years Page 85 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 32 | Alta Planning + Design 2.2 Relevant Regional Existing Plans and Policies The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan is an opportunity to coordinate with neighboring communities’ efforts to plan and build bicycle infrastructure. A number of different jurisdictions border the project area, including the City of Los Angeles, unincorporated areas of the County of Los Angeles, and other incorporated cities. This section discusses the relationship between the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan and existing plans in neighboring communities. 2.2.1 Local and Regional Plans There are six incorporated cities that lie adjacent to at least one participating city in the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. These cities include:  City of Hawthorne  City of Inglewood  City of Lomita  City of Los Angeles  City of Palos Verdes Estates  City of Rolling Hills Estates The City of Los Angeles is the only adjacent community with a Bicycle Master Plan, which is discussed in the following section. 2.2.1.1 City of Los Angeles Bicycle Plan (2010) The City of Los Angeles Bicycle Plan proposes 1,680 miles of bicycle facilities to promote bicycling as a viable transportation alternative. Of the proposed facilities, there are several that link to the participating cities of El Segundo, Gardena, and Torrance. The City of Los Angeles’ proposed bikeways adjacent to the participating South Bay cities are shown in Figure 2-1. 2.2.1.2 Metro Bicycle Transportation Strategic Plan As the Regional Transportation Planning Agency for Los Angeles County, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) is the primary local funding source for transportation projects, including bicycle and pedestrian projects. The Bicycle Transportation Strategic Plan (BTSP) developed by Metro provides an inventory of existing and planned facilities within Los Angeles County. This inventory assisted in identifying routes that may eventually provide trans-jurisdictional continuity The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan is an opportunity to coordinate with neighboring communities’ efforts to plan and build bicycle infrastructure. Page 86 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 33 Figure 2-1: City of Los Angeles Proposed Bicycle Facilities Page 87 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 34 | Alta Planning + Design for bicyclists. Secondly, the BTSP outlines a strategy for prioritizing regional bikeway projects. The BTSP outlines a regional strategy to fund projects that improve bicycle access to transit or close gaps in the regional bikeway network. Upon adoption of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan, the participating cities will have the opportunity to apply for funding through Metro to implement their proposed bikeways. 2.2.1.3 County of Los Angeles Bicycle Master Plan (BMP) The County of Los Angeles Bicycle Master Plan guides the development and maintenance of a comprehensive bicycle network and programs within the unincorporated communities of the County of Los Angeles. The implementation of the Los Angeles County BMP will start in 2012 after California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review has been completed. Several proposed bikeways in the County provide potential connection opportunities to the participating South Bay cities of El Segundo, Lawndale, Gardena, and Torrance. These bikeways are shown in the yellow sections in Figure 2-2. The participating cities in the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan are outlined in black. Appendix A-2 shows the existing bikeways in the County of Los Angeles that provide potential connection opportunities to the participating cities. The Marvin Braude Bikeway is a prominent facility that is maintained by the County of Los Angeles and runs through five of the participating cities: El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance. It extends for 21 miles parallel to the Pacific coastline, passing through the City of Santa Monica into the City of Los Angeles at its northernmost portion. Many bicyclists and pedestrians of all ages use the path, both for utilitarian and recreational purposes. As a consequence of its popularity, the path is often congested. Some areas have adopted measures to prevent conflicts between users; for example, when the path is crowded with pedestrians in Hermosa Beach, flashing lights and signs direct bicyclists to dismount and walk their bikes. The Marvin Braude Bikeway is a prominent facility that is maintained by the County of Los Angeles and runs through five of the participating cities: El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance. Page 88 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 35 Figure 2-2: County of Los Angeles Proposed Bicycle Facilities South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Area Page 89 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 36 | Alta Planning + Design 2.2.1.4 Southern California Association of Governments Regional Transportation Plan (2008) This plan presents the transportation objectives through the year 2035 for the areas under the jurisdiction of the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), which includes the South Bay. The RTP aims to integrate bicycling and other non-motorized transportation with transit to extend the commuting range of bicyclists in Southern California, where the average commute length is approximately 19.2 miles. Bicycle and pedestrian improvements are addressed as they relate to larger street maintenance and construction projects, and are recommended in general plan updates. SCAG’s Compass Blueprint Program serves as a resource for local municipalities looking to enhance non-motorized transportation infrastructure under the principles of mobility, livability, prosperity and sustainability. The RTP allocates over $1.8 billion for non-motorized transportation. Specific objectives regarding the future of bicycle transportation in the region and that apply to the South Bay Bicycle Plan include:  Decrease bicyclist and pedestrian fatalities and injuries in the state to 25% below 2000 levels  Increase accommodation and planning for bicyclists and pedestrians: The needs of non-motorized travel (including pedestrian, bicyclists and persons with disabilities) need to be fully considered for all transportation planning projects  Increase bicycle and pedestrian use in the SCAG Region as an alternative to utilitarian vehicle trips: Create and maintain an atmosphere conducive to non-motorized transportation, including well-maintained bicycle and pedestrian facilities, easy access to transit facilities, and increasing safety and security. While pedestrian sidewalks are fairly well established in most areas, it is estimated that there are only 3,218 miles of dedicated bicycle facilities in the region, with an additional 3,170 miles planned  Increase non-motorized transportation data: To make non- motorized modes an integral part of the region’s intermodal transportation planning process and system, reliable data for planning are needed. Non-motorized transportation data needs include, but are not limited to, comprehensive user statistics; user demographics; bicycle The SCAG RTP aims to integrate bicycling and other non- motorized transportation with transit to extend the commuting range of bicyclists in Southern California. Page 90 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 37 travel patterns/corridors; accident mapping; bikeway system characteristics; and sub-regional improvement projects and funding needs  Bicyclists and pedestrians should always be included in general plan updates. SCAG also encourages the development of local Non-Motorized Plans. Also, Non- Motorized Plans that have been created or updated within the previous five years are eligible for bicycle transportation account (BTA) funds. SCAG can assist in the development of these plans through the Compass Blueprint Program  Develop a Regional Non-Motorized Plan: SCAG will work with all counties and their cities to coordinate and integrate all Non-Motorized Plans from counties and jurisdictions in the SCAG Region in a collaborative process, including interested stakeholders 2.2.2 State of California The State of California has recently passed several policies that affect bicycle planning in the South Bay, which are discussed in the following section. 2.2.2.1 AB 1358 - Complete Streets Act of 2008 California Assembly Bill (AB) 1358, also known as the Complete Streets Act of 2008, amended the California Government Code §65302 to require that all major revisions to a city or county’s Circulation Element include provisions for the accommodation of all roadway users including bicyclists and pedestrians. Accommodations include bikeways, sidewalks, crosswalks, and curb extensions. The Government Code §65302 reads: (2)(A)Commencing January 1, 2011, upon any substantive revision of the circulation element, the legislative body shall modify the circulation element to plan for a balanced, multimodal transportation network that meets the needs of all users of streets, roads, and highways for safe and convenient travel in a manner that is suitable to the rural, suburban, or urban context of the general plan. (B)For purposes of this paragraph, "users of streets, roads, and highways" means bicyclists, children, persons with disabilities, motorists, movers of commercial goods, pedestrians, users of public transportation, and seniors. The Complete Streets Act of 2008 amended the California Government Code to require that all major revisions to a city or county’s Circulation Element include provisions for the accommodation of all roadway users including bicyclists and pedestrians. Page 91 of 535 Chapter Two | Goals, Objectives, and Policy Actions 38 | Alta Planning + Design 2.2.2.2 Deputy Directive 64 The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) adopted two policies in recent years relevant to bicycle planning initiatives such as this Bicycle Master Plan, namely, Deputy Directive 64 (DD- 64-R1) and Traffic Operations Policy Directive 09-06. Similar to AB 1358, Deputy Directive 64 (DD-64-R1) sets forth that Caltrans addresses the “safety and mobility needs of bicyclists, pedestrians, and transit users in all projects, regardless of funding.” 2.2.2.3 Traffic Operations Policy Directive 09-06 In a more specific application of complete streets goals, Traffic Operations Policy Directive 09-06 presents bicycle detection requirements. For example, 09-06 requires that new and modified signal detectors provide bicyclist detection if they are to remain in operation. Further, the Policy Directive states that new and modified bicycle path approaches to signalized intersections must provide bicycle detection or a bicyclist pushbutton if detection is required. 2.2.2.4 SB 375 – Sustainable Communities Senate Bill (SB) 375 serves to complement Assembly Bill (AB) 32: The Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 and encourages local governments to reduce emissions through improved planning. Under SB 375, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) must establish targets for 2020 and 2035 for each region covered by one of the State’s 18 metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). Each of California’s MPOs must prepare a “Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS)” that demonstrates how the region will meet its greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction target through integrated land use, housing and transportation planning. The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is preparing the SCS for the County of Los Angeles. One way to help meet the greenhouse gas emissions targets is to increase the bicycle mode share by substituting bicycle trips for automobile trips. When trips made by bicycle replace vehicle trips they reduce greenhouse gas emissions resulting from motorized transportation. The South Bay’s efforts to encourage bicycling will contribute to the regional attainment of these targets. One way to help meet the greenhouse gas emissions targets is to increase the bicycle mode share by substituting bicycle trips for automobile trips. Page 92 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 39 Chapter 3 El Segundo Page 93 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 40 | Alta Planning + Design Page 94 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 41 3 El Segundo This chapter presents El Segundo’s portion of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. It begins with a discussion of how El Segundo complies with Bicycle Transportation Account requirements. The chapter is organized into the following sections:  Existing conditions  Needs analysis  Proposed bicycle network  Project prioritization  Project costs 3.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance The Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) is an annual statewide discretionary program that funds bicycle projects through the Caltrans Bicycle Facility Unit. Available as grants to local jurisdictions, the program emphasizes projects that benefit bicycling for commuting purposes. In order for El Segundo to qualify for BTA funds, the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan must contain specific elements. Appendix E displays the requisite BTA components and their location within this plan in tabular form. The table includes “Approved” and “Notes/Comments” columns for the convenience of the Metro official responsible for reviewing compliance. 3.2 Existing Conditions The City of El Segundo is located in the northwest portion of the South Bay region. It is bordered by the City of Los Angeles to the north, the County of Los Angeles to the east, the City of Manhattan Beach to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. According to the 2000 census, El Segundo has a population of 15,970. The City was incorporated in 1917. 3.2.1 Land Use Appendix A-3 displays a map of the existing land uses in the South Bay Region. Land uses in El Segundo are shown at right. Industrial land uses comprise over half of the land area of the City, demonstrating that El Segundo is a key employment center in the region. Less than 20 percent of the City’s land area consists of residential uses. Due to the disparity between acres of employment- producing land uses and acres of housing, it is likely that many (See Appendix A-3 for larger map) Existing Land Uses in El Segundo Page 95 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 42 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 3-1: El Segundo General Plan Land Uses Page 96 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 43 persons working in El Segundo are commuting to work from outside of the City. Figure 3-1 displays proposed land uses for El Segundo. As compared to the existing uses, the City plans to increase office space north of Mariposa Avenue, industrial uses in the southeastern quadrant of the city, and mixed use developments throughout El Segundo. 3.2.2 Bicycle Trip Generators Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities or high concentrations of certain sub-populations, such as transit commuters or zero-vehicle households. Appendix A-4 shows population density in El Segundo. Of the land area that is residential, most of it is single family, low density housing, with the exception of the Main Street area in Downtown El Segundo and R-3 multi-family zoned parcels. Low density units generally produce fewer trips as there are fewer persons per acre. Population density, measured as the number of persons per acre, is a strong indicator of potential bicycle activity, because more people living in an area implies more trips to and from that area. The high population densities of urbanized environments also tend to support bicycle travel through mixed land uses, interconnected street networks, and shorter trip lengths. Low density areas present challenges to bicycling because there are not as many community services, such as restaurants or grocery stores nearby, so bicyclists must make longer trips to conduct their day-to-day activities. Appendix A-5 displays employment density in El Segundo. El Segundo has over 50 percent of its land area dedicated to industrial uses, a land use which typically employs large amounts of people, and therefore produces many commute trips. As a major employment center in the region, El Segundo generates a high number of trips, and therefore has the potential to increase bicycle activity by providing facilities that could encourage commuters to switch to bicycling. Appendix A-6, Appendix A-7, and Appendix A-8 display the percent of zero-vehicle households, median annual household income, and percent transit commuters by census tract. Overall, households in El Segundo have median annual incomes between $55,001 and $75,000 (in 1999 dollars). Those in central and western Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high employment densities. Page 97 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 44 | Alta Planning + Design El Segundo have lower rates of vehicle ownership and higher rates of transit commuting. This part of the city has greater potential for increased bicycling activity because residents who do not have vehicles must use alternative modes and are likely to combine bicycle and transit trips. In addition to the reasons discussed above, El Segundo has the potential for increased bicycle activity from bicyclists passing through on their way to destinations outside of the city. A bicycle network that is connected within El Segundo, as well as linked to bicycle facilities in adjacent communities, further generates bicycle traffic as it provides a viable transportation option to driving a motorized vehicle. 3.2.3 Relevant Plans and Policies Table 3-1 outlines information regarding bicycles from the City of El Segundo’s Circulation Element, Bicycle Master Plan, Open Space and Recreation Element, Local Coastal Program, and Municipal Code. Table 3-1: El Segundo Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies Document Description General Plan Circulation Element (2004) The Circulation Element was adopted in 1992 and most recently updated in 2004. It includes a goal to increase alternative transportation modes, with a corresponding objective to provide a city-wide bikeway system. Policies for implementation include:  Implement recommendations in the Bicycle Master Plan (below)  Encourage new development to provide bicycle parking, shower, and changing facilities  Develop off-street bicycle paths in appropriate corridors  Encourage bicycle trips to and from schools and public facilities  Coordinate bicycle planning/implementation with adjacent and regional agencies  Encourage design of new streets with Class I or Class II bikeways  Maintain Hillcrest Street link between Imperial Avenue and Imperial Highway  Evaluate bikeway system links with the Metro Green Line rail stations and improve access Page 98 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 45 Document Description Bicycle Master Plan (1992) This plan was adopted in 1992 as part of the Circulation Element and left unchanged in the 2004 update. The 2004 update simply consists of a map (Appendix F-1) that outlines existing and proposed routes in the City of El Segundo, the City of Manhattan Beach, and the County of Los Angeles. Proposed routes are designated by possible facility. Some proposed routes are shown to be appropriate for either Class I, II, or III facilities, while others are designated as appropriate for just one Class. General Plan Open Space and Recreation Element (1992) The Open Space and Recreation Element discusses bikeways in the context of recreational facilities. This document identifies the County of Los Angeles-maintained beach bicycle path located west of the Chevron Refinery as the primary recreational bikeway in El Segundo. The beach bike path runs along the narrow shoreline and connects with the county paths in the City of Los Angeles to the north and to the community of El Porto to the south. The element also includes an objective to develop utility transmission corridors for active or passive open space and recreational use. El Segundo Local Coastal Program (1978) The El Segundo Local Coastal Program (LCP) consists of an Issue Identification and a Coastal Zone Specific Plan. The Issue Identification section summarizes coastal issues and the specific plan provides detailed land use proposals and implementing ordinances in the coastal zone. The program states that developments providing recreational opportunities are preferred in the Coastal Zone. Developments that provide recreational bikeways would satisfy this requirement. All other bikeways shall be in compliance with the policies in the LCP. Municipal Code Minimum parking requirements in El Segundo’s Municipal Code are based on percent of required vehicle parking spaces. In 2010, the City of El Segundo adopted Ordinance 1444, which amended parking and loading requirements to include minimum bicycle parking space requirements for developments of varying sizes and land uses. Spaces shall be a minimum width of two feet and a minimum length of five feet. The City reviews these requirements in plan check by having the plans routed through the applicable departments. Developments of certain sizes are also required to provide information, such as bicycle maps, either on a bulletin board or in a display case or kiosk. Detailed bicycle parking information is presented in Appendix G. El Segundo’s Municipal Code does not prohibit riding bicycles on the sidewalk in the city. Page 99 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 46 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 3-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in El Segundo Page 100 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 47 3.2.4 Existing Bicycle Network Figure 3-2 shows the existing bicycle facilities in El Segundo. Appendix A-2 displays a map of the existing bicycle facilities in the South Bay Region as a whole. Bicycle facility types are discussed in Section 1.3. The City of El Segundo has approximately 6 total miles of bikeways. These include Class I, Class II, and Class III facilities, some of which continue outside the City limits. A portion of the Los Angeles County-maintained bike path that runs along the beach is part of the City’s network. Table 3-2 summarizes the classification and mileage of the existing network. Table 3-2: El Segundo Bicycle Network Facility Type Mileage Class I (Bike Path) 1.0 Class II (Bike Lanes) 2.8 Class III (Bike Route) 2.0 Total Mileage 5.8 3.2.5 Existing End-of-Trip Parking Facilities The BTA requires that this plan inventory publicly-accessible short- and long-term end-of-trip facilities for the members of the bicycling public to park their bicycles, as well as change and store clothes and equipment. Short-term facilities consist of bicycle racks. Long-term facilities include, but are not limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. The locations of existing bicycle parking in the South Bay are shown in Appendix A-9. Existing bicycle parking in El Segundo is shown at right. The City has existing bicycle racks located throughout the city, including at schools, civic facilities, and shopping centers. El Segundo does not provide any existing long- term, publicly-accessible end-of-trip bicycle facilities. Existing long-term bicycle storage at transit stops is discussed below. 3.2.6 Multi-Modal Connections Transit is often best for longer trips, while bicycling is better for shorter trips. Combining transit use and bicycling can offer a high level of mobility that is comparable to travel by automobile. Appendix A-10 shows the existing Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (Metro) transit routes that serve the City of El Segundo. Metro operates several bus lines with routes through the (See Appendix A-9 for larger map) Existing End-of-trip Facilities in El Segundo Page 101 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 48 | Alta Planning + Design City. Buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Metro also operates the Green Line Light Rail, which has three stations in El Segundo. A fourth station at Aviation/LAX sits very near the eastern boundary of El Segundo. Bicycles are permitted on Metro Rail. The three stations in El Segundo are:  Mariposa Avenue  El Segundo Boulevard  Douglas Street LADOT operates the Commuter Express bus service. Line 438 connects the cities of El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance to Downtown Los Angeles. Line 574 connects El Segundo to the City of Encino. Most Commuter Express buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Commuter Express route maps for lines 438 and 574 are shown in Appendix A-11 and Appendix A-12. Beach Cities Transit (BCT) Line 109, operated by the City of Redondo Beach, and Torrance Transit Line 8, operated by the City of Torrance, also serve the City of El Segundo. Appendix A-13 shows the BCT System Map and Appendix A-14 shows the Torrance Transit System Map. Buses are equipped with bike racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The BTA requires that this plan inventory existing bicycle transport and parking facilities for connecting to public transit services. These facilities include, but are not limited to, bicycle parking at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, and park and ride lots; and provisions for transporting bicycles on public transit vehicles. The Mariposa Avenue Metro Green Line Station provides bicycle racks and the other two stations provide both bicycle racks and lockers. Metro Green Line stations are shown in Appendix A- 10. Existing bicycle parking facilities in the South Bay are shown in Appendix A-9 and existing bicycle parking facilities in El Segundo are shown on page 29. Bicycle locker rentals are $24 for six months plus a $50 refundable security key deposit. 3.2.7 Education and Enforcement Strategies Bicycle education programs and enforcement of bicycle-related policies help to make riding safer for all bicyclists. To promote safe bicycling, the City of El Segundo has in the past held “bicycle rodeos,” in which they teach bicycle lessons and awareness during Two of the three Metro Geen Line stations in El Segundo provide both bicycle racks and lockers. Page 102 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 49 open houses at schools. Bicycle rodeos are not, however, a regular program. The El Segundo Police Department also provides pamphlets and bicycle safety information at all safety fairs, Ride Share Fairs, and booths it attends, which occur several times per year. El Segundo police officers enforce all bicycle-related rules in the California Vehicle Code and issue citations when they observe violations. 3.2.8 Past Bicycle-Related Expenditures The City of El Segundo incurred the following bicycle expenditure between 2000 and 2010:  About $5,000 for bicycle racks at City Hall and signage on North Douglas and Nash Streets 3.3 Needs Analysis This section describes the needs of bicyclists in El Segundo. First, it summarizes feedback collected from the online survey and public workshops. Second, the section provides estimates and forecasts of bicycle commuting to determine the estimated bicycling demand in the city. Finally, it analyzes bicycle collision data between 2007 and 2009 to identify areas that would benefit from bicycle facility improvements. 3.3.1 Public Outreach As mentioned in Chapter 1, the public had the opportunity to provide input in the planning process through an online survey and two rounds of public workshops. This section summarizes locations in El Segundo that the community identified as desirable for bikeways. The most frequently identified locations for bicycle facilities include El Segundo Boulevard, Rosecrans Boulevard, and Douglas Street. El Segundo Boulevard and Rosecrans Boulevard are both major arterials. Other streets mentioned by the public as in need of bicycle facilities include Main Street, Grand Avenue, and Mariposa Avenue. 3.3.2 Bicycle Commuter Estimates and Forecasts United States Census “Commuting to Work” data provides an indication of current bicycle system usage. Appendix A-15 shows the percent bicycle commuters in El Segundo by census tract. There is a higher percentage of bicycle commuters in the western portion The public in El Segundo had the opportunity to provide input in the planning process through an online survey and two rounds of public workshops. Page 103 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 50 | Alta Planning + Design of El Segundo than in the eastern part, which corresponds with low vehicle ownership rates and a higher percentage of transit users. Table 3-3 presents commute to work data estimates reported by the 2000 US Census for El Segundo. For comparative purposes, the table includes commute to work data for the United States, California, and County of Los Angeles. According to the estimates, 0.59 percent of residents in El Segundo commute predominantly by bicycle. The percent of bicycle commuters in El Segundo is consistent with that of the County of Los Angeles. It is below that of California and above the United States as a whole. It is important to note that this figure likely underestimates the true amount of bicycling that occurs in El Segundo for several reasons. First, data reflects respondents’ dominant commute mode and therefore does not capture trips to school, for errands, or other bike trips that would supplant vehicular trips. Also, US Census data collection methods only enable a respondent to select one mode of travel, thus excluding bicycle trips if they constitute part of a longer multimodal trip. The percentage of commuters in El Segundo that commute by transit is much lower than that of those that drive alone. In addition to bicycle commuters in El Segundo, bicyclists from neighboring communities use the city’s bicycle network to reach their destinations and are not reflected in this data. This Plan addresses the need for regional connectivity to accommodate bicyclists passing through El Segundo’s bicycle network in Section 3.4. Table 3-4 presents an estimate of current bicycling within El Segundo using US Census data along with several adjustments for likely bicycle commuter underestimations, as discussed above. Table 3-5 presents the associated air quality benefits from bicycling. Table 3-3: Means of Transportation to Work Mode United States California Los Angeles County El Segundo Bicycle 0.38% 0.83% 0.62% 0.59% Drove Alone – car, truck, or van 75.70% 71.82% 70.36% 85.37% Carpool – car, truck, or van 12.19% 14.55% 15.08% 6.27% Transit 4.73% 5.07% 6.58% 1.18% Page 104 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 51 Mode United States California Los Angeles County El Segundo Walked 2.93% 2.85% 2.93% 2.87% Other Means 0.70% 0.79% 0.76% 0.35% Worked at Home 3.26% 3.83% 3.49% 3.01% Source: US Census 2000 Table 3-4: Existing Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Existing study area population 15,970 2000 US Census, P1 Existing employed population 9,092 2000 US Census, P30 Existing bike-to-work mode share 0.59% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of bike-to-work commuters 54 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Existing work-at-home mode share 3.01% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of work-at-home bike commuters 27 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Existing transit-to-work mode share 1.18% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing transit bicycle commuters 27 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Existing school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 1,899 2000 US Census, P8 Existing school children bicycling mode share 2.0% National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Existing school children bike commuters 38 School children population multiplied by school children bike mode share Existing number of college students in study area 1,395 2000 US Census, PCT24 Existing estimated college bicycling mode share 5.0% Review of bicycle commute share in seven university communities (source: National Bicycling & Walking Study, FHWA, Case Study No. 1, 1995), review of bicycle commute share at the University of California, Los Angeles Existing college bike commuters 70 College student population multiplied by college student bicycling mode share Existing total number of bike commuters 216 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian bike trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 431 Total bicycle commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 105 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 52 | Alta Planning + Design Table 3-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Current Estimated VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 130 Assumes 73% of bicycle trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 33,978 Reduced number of weekday vehicle trips multiplied by 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 901 Assumes average round trip travel length of 8 miles for adults/college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 235,048 Reduced number of weekday vehicle miles multiplied by 261 (weekdays / year) Current Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 3 Daily mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 2 Daily mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 25 Daily mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 733 Daily mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 705 Yearly mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 3 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 3 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 492 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 6,426 Yearly mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/yr) 191,213 Yearly mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. Table 3-6 presents projected year 2030 bicycling activity within El Segundo using California Department of Finance population and school enrollment projections. The projection contains the assumption that bicycle mode share will double by 2030, due in part to bicycle network implementation. Actual bicycle mode share in 2030 will depend on many factors, including the extent of network implementation. Page 106 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 53 Table 3-7 presents the associated year 2030 air quality benefit forecasts. The calculations follow in a straightforward manner from the Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand. Table 3-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Future study area population 19,873 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050. Future employed population 11,314 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050, Future bike-to-work mode share 1.18% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of bike-to-work commuters 134 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Future work-at-home mode share 5.54% Calculated based on change in mode share from 1990 US Census, P49, to 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of work-at-home bike commuters 63 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Future transit-to-work mode share 2.36% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future transit bicycle commuters 67 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Future school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 1,509 Calculated from CA Dept. of Finance, California Public K–12 Graded Enrollment and High School Graduate Projections by County, 2010 Series. Future school children bicycling mode share 4.0% Double the rate of national school commute trends. National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Future school children bike commuters 60 School children population multiplied by school children bicycling mode share Future number of college students in study area 1,736 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000- 2050, Sacramento, California, July 2007. Future estimated college bicycling mode share 7.0% A slight increase over the existing college bicycle mode share assumption, commensurate with projected increases in bicycling for other populations Future college bike commuters 122 College student population x college student bicycling mode share Future total number of bike commuters 445 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian biking trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 890 Total bike commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 107 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 54 | Alta Planning + Design Table 3-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Forecasted VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 264 Assumes 73% of biking trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 68,886 Reduced number of weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 1,888 Assumes average round trip travel length of 8 miles for adults / college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 492,644 Reduced number of weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Forecasted Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 6 Daily mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 4 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 52 Daily mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 1,536 Daily mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 1,477 Yearly mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 6 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 5 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 1,032 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 13,468 Yearly mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced CO2 (lbs/yr) 400,768 Yearly mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. This model uses the latest state projections for population growth and reasonable assumptions about future bicycle ridership. The benefits model predicts that the total number of bicycle commute trips could increase from the current daily estimate of 430 to almost 900, resulting in a substantial reduction of both Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and associated emissions. This includes a yearly emissions reduction by 2030 of approximately 1,000 pounds of Page 108 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 55 smog forming N0X and roughly 400 thousand pounds of C02, the principal gas associated with global climate change. Providing bicycle facilities will encourage new bicyclists to begin to ride, thus positively impacting air quality by reducing harmful pollutants from driving motorized vehicles. Because this plan recommends local connections throughout and regional links between the participating cities, it has the potential to have even greater air quality benefits. Bicyclists may not need to rely as heavily on vehicles for transportation because bicycling will be a viable transportation alternative upon implementation of this Plan. 3.3.3 Bicycle Counts To assess bicycling levels at different sites throughout El Segundo, volunteers conducted bicycle counts, in which they manually recorded the number of bicyclists that rode by. 3.3.3.1 Methodology The methodology for the bicycle counts derives from the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project (NBPD), a collaborative effort of Alta Planning + Design and the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The NBPD methodology aims to capture both utilitarian bicycling and recreational bicycling. The NBPD also provides guidance on how to select count locations. Volunteers conducted bicycle counts in each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay on Thursday, November 4, 2010 from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and Saturday, November 6, 2010 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. These dates are meant to capture volumes of bicyclists on a typical weekday and weekend day. Fall is an appropriate time to conduct bicycle counts in California because school is back in session and vacations are typically over. In El Segundo, volunteers were stationed at nine stations on Thursday and nine stations on Saturday. There were 36 total locations in the South Bay region on each day. The count locations were selected in partnership by city staff, Alta Planning + Design, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition staff, and South Bay Bicycle Coalition board members. This snapshot of locations is meant to capture a diverse bicycling population using the roads and streets that span the spectrum of bike-friendliness. Volunteers conducted bicycle counts in each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay. Page 109 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 56 | Alta Planning + Design 3.3.3.2 Results The count results for the South Bay are displayed in Appendix A- 16 and Appendix A-17. Count results for El Segundo are shown at left. Detailed count data, including a list of count locations, is presented in Appendix H. On Thursday, the El Segundo station that experienced the highest volume was Douglas Street and the Green Line Station with 57 bicyclists during the three hour count period. The station with the most bicyclists on Saturday was Main Street and Grand Avenue with 65 bicyclists during the three hour count period. On both days, the locations with the highest numbers of bicyclists in the South Bay region as a whole were those along the Strand on the County-maintained Marvin Braude Bikeway. Apart from the Strand stations, the inland count locations in Lawndale and Gardena experienced the most riders during the week. On the weekend, there were overall fewer riders in the inland count stations and more riders along the coast. This suggests that more bicyclists ride a bicycle for commuting during the week and for recreation on the weekend. In the region as a whole, approximately 83 percent of bicyclists were male. Approximately 70 percent of those observed did not wear helmets and 41 percent rode on the sidewalks. On Thursday, there were 18 locations at which over half of the observed bicyclists rode on the sidewalk and on Saturday there were nine. Riding on the sidewalk can be an indicator of a lack of bicycle facilities, as bicyclists that are uncomfortable riding with traffic may choose to ride on the sidewalk instead. 3.3.4 Bicycle Collision Analysis Safety is a major concern for both existing and potential bicyclists. Concern about safety is the most common reason given for not riding a bicycle (or riding more often), according to local and national surveys. Identifying bicycle collision sites can draw attention to areas that warrant improvement, particularly if multiple collisions occur at the same location. This analysis employs the most reliable data source available, the California Highway Patrol’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System. The data set only includes reported collisions, and so represents a subset of all the bicycle collisions in El Segundo. This data does not include any assessment of conditions present at the time of the collision. There are numerous factors that may contribute to a given incident including but not limited to time of day, visibility, (See Appendix A-17 for larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekend Bicycle Count Results in El Segundo (See Appendix A-16 for a larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekday Bicycle Count Results in El Segundo Page 110 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 57 distractions, obstacles or traffic law obedience. This data simply reflects reported incidents, resulting injuries and the party at fault. This data does not infer faulty infrastructure, but rather provides a baseline of collisions that often decreases in correlation with bike plan implementation and the improvements to facilities and road user behavior and awareness that accompanies it. Fault as determined by law enforcement is discussed below. Table 3-8 presents the number of reported collisions involving bicyclists, number of bicyclists involved, and severity of the bicycle collisions for three consecutive years: 2007, 2008, and 2009. Appendix A-18 shows locations of bicycle collisions in the South Bay region in the same time period. Bicycle collisions in El Segundo are shown at right. There were 15 total reported collisions involving bicyclists from 2007-2009 in the City of El Segundo. Two crashes occurred at the intersection of Mariposa Avenue and Indiana Street, one block west of Sepulveda Boulevard. The remaining 13 collisions in El Segundo occurred at disparate locations, although all occurred on major boulevards: there were five crashes on Mariposa Avenue, three on El Segundo Boulevard, and two on Rosecrans Avenue. Table 3-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 Total Crashes Involving Bicyclists Number of Bicyclists Involved Persons Injured Persons Severely Injured Persons Killed 15 15 13 1 0 Source: California Highway Patrol, Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) As reported by police officers in traffic reports, bicyclists were at fault in 40 percent of collisions involving bicycles (6 crashes) in this time period. Providing bicycle facilities encourages more people to ride. When motorists begin to look for and expect to see bicyclists, collisions between vehicles and bicyclists are reduced. The City of New York, for example, reported that as ridership increased between 1998 and 2008, the number of annual casualties from bicycle collisions decreased (see Appendix B). Appendix A-1 displays estimated weekday traffic volumes in El Segundo. El Segundo Boulevard and Rosecrans Avenue, two corridors that experienced collisions involving bicyclists, carry large volumes of vehicular traffic traveling at high speeds. Neither (See Appendix A-18 for larger map) Bicycle Collisions in El Segundo 2007-2009 Page 111 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 58 | Alta Planning + Design street has existing bicycling facilities. Sepulveda Boulevard, Aviation Boulevard, and Imperial Highway also have high volumes of vehicles. Aviation Boulevard does not have bicycle facilities and Sepulveda Boulevard is a Class III bicycle route, requiring bicyclists to share the lanes with automobiles on these streets. 3.4 Proposed Bicycle Network This section presents the proposed bicycle network for the City of El Segundo, which includes bicycle parking facilities. Upon implementation of the proposed network, the City should coordinate and collaborate with adjacent participating South Bay cities to emphasize a regional bicycle network. Bicycle facilities discussed in this Plan are presented in Section 1.3 and are shown in Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4. Appendix C outlines the recommended standards for each facility classification as compared to minimum standards. In addition to creating a comprehensive network of bikeways in El Segundo, the recommended system ties into the proposed bicycle facilities for the other South Bay participating cities to create a connected regional network. This will give bicyclists from adjacent communities the opportunity to pass through El Segundo to reach their destinations without losing bicycle facilities at city boundaries. Bikeway recommendations are also based on the existing City bicycle plans, public input, topography, traffic volumes, and traffic speeds. 3.4.1 Proposed Bikeway Facilities The proposed bicycle network for El Segundo consists of Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets, and is presented in Figure 3-3. El Segundo’s network connects with the recommended network in Manhattan Beach and the County of Los Angeles bicycle system. Four tables identify the streets on which facilities are proposed, the extents of each proposed facility, and the length in miles of each proposed facility. Table 3-9Table 3-9 lists the proposed bicycle paths, Table 3-10 lists the proposed bicycle lanes, Table 3-11 lists the proposed bicycle routes, and Table 3-12 lists the proposed bicycle friendly streets. The proposed bicycle network for the South Bay region as a whole is presented in Appendix A-19. There are several constraints to recommending new bicycle facilities in El Segundo. These are shown at left and are referenced by the numbers in Appendix I. Appendix I also presents opportunities and constraints in the South Bay region as a whole. (See Appendix I for larger map) Opportunities and Constraints in El Segundo Page 112 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 59 First, a proposed Class I bikeway east of the waste processing plant would require the City to gain approval from Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) as this land is LADWP right-of-way. The facility would run underneath the right-of-way of high-tension power lines. An example of such a facility can be seen in Redondo Beach along the North Redondo Beach Bikeway. Also, a proposed Class I in El Segundo between Walnut and Holly would require the City to gain similar approval as this land is LADWP right-of-way. The facility would also run underneath the right of way of high-tension power lines. Table 3-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in El Segundo Street From To Miles El Segundo Sepulveda Blvd Nash St 0.5 Washington Street Walnut Avenue Holly Avenue 0.7 Total Bicycle Path Mileage 1.2 Table 3-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in El Segundo Street From To Miles Aviation Boulevard Imperial Highway Rosecrans Avenue 2.0 Douglas Street Imperial Highway Park Place 2.1 El Segundo Main St Illinois St 1.0 El Segundo Nast St East City Limits 0.7 Mariposa Avenue Sepulveda Boulevard Douglas Street 0.7 Rosecrans Avenue West City Limits Aviation Boulevard 2.1 Total Bicycle Lane Mileage 8.7 Table 3-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in El Segundo Street From To Miles Grand Avenue West end of Street Duley Road 2.1 El Segundo Illinois Sepulveda Boulevard 0.1 Nash Street Imperial Highway El Segundo Boulevard 1.0 Loma Vista Street - Binder Place - Whiting Street - El Segundo Boulevard Grand Avenue Main Street 0.5 Utah Avenue Douglas Street Aviation Boulevard 0.3 Main Street Imperial Avenue El Segundo Boulevard 1.0 Total Bicycle Route Mileage 5.0 Page 113 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 60 | Alta Planning + Design Table 3-12: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in El Segundo Street From To Miles Imperial Avenue Hillcrest Street East end of street 1.6 Mariposa Avenue West end of Street Sepulveda Boulevard 1.7 Loma Vista Street Imperial Avenue Grand Avenue 0.9 Sheldon Street - Pine Avenue - Eucalyptus Drive Imperial Avenue Grand Avenue 0.9 Center Street Imperial Avenue El Segundo Boulevard 1.0 Walnut Avenue Center Street Washington Street 0.4 Total Bicycle-Friendly Street Mileage 6.4 Page 114 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 61 Figure 3-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in El Segundo Page 115 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 62 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 116 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 63 3.4.2 Proposed End-of-Trip Bicycle Facilities Support facilities and connections to other modes of transportation are essential components of a bicycle system because they enhance safety and convenience for bicyclists at the end of every trip. With nearly all utilitarian and many recreational bike trips, bicyclists need secure and well-located bicycle parking. A comprehensive bicycle parking strategy is one of the most important things that a jurisdiction can apply to immediately enhance the bicycling environment. Moreover, a bicycle parking strategy with connections to public transit will further the geographical range of residents traveling without using an automobile. The El Segundo Municipal Code currently provides minimum bicycle parking standards. It also requires that all bicycle parking spaces be 2 feet wide by 5 feet long. The City should amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of short-term and long-term bicycle parking facility designs. Recommended designs are shown in Appendix J. Bicycle rack designs should include racks that provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. This will provide a higher degree of security and support for the bicycle. This will more accurately address the bicycle demand at a given development. Long-term bicycle parking should be in the form of:  Covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles  Lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks or  Lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers When people commute by bicycle they often sweat or become dirty from weather or road conditions. Providing changing and storing facilities encourages commuters to travel by bicycle because they have a place to clean up before work or school. El Segundo’s Municipal Code should require all new mid-size and large employers, offices, and businesses to supply changing and storing facilities, such as by providing showers and clothes lockers within the buildings or arranging agreements with nearby recreation centers to allow commuters to use their facilities. Proposed end-of-trip bicycle facilities in El Segundo are shown in Figure 3-4. The City should amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of short-term and long-term bicycle parking facility designs. Page 117 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 64 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 3-4: Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities in El Segundo Page 118 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 65 The City should ensure there is adequate short-term bicycle parking in the form of bicycle racks at all major trip attractors, including commercial and civic activity centers and transit hubs. The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at the following locations:  Parks  Schools  Commercial/office areas  Civic/government buildings  Public transit stations High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts should provide more secure, long-term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. Any future transit hubs and intermodal facilities should include secure bicycle parking areas as part of their design. Secure bicycle parking areas that provide services, such as bicycle rentals and repair, should be considered at major transit stations and commuter destinations. 3.5 Project Costs This section presents the cost to implement the proposed bicycle network in El Segundo. 3.5.1 Cost Estimates Table 3-13 displays the planning-level capital cost assumptions for each facility type proposed in this plan and Table 3-14 displays the cost to implement the proposed network in the City of El Segundo from the cost assumptions.14 Cost assumptions are based on LA County averages and may vary depending on environmental conditions of a given facility, unforeseen construction cost variations, and similar considerations. Cost assumptions exclude specific treatments that may vary by location and must be determined by field review, such as traffic calming measures, restriping of existing travel lanes, and sign removal. Cost assumptions do not include traffic signal improvements, such as changes to phasing, recalibration of loop detectors, or installation of push buttons. For detailed cost estimations, refer to the project sheets presented in Section 3.7. 14 Table 3-14 assumes the cost of implementing Class III Bicycle Routes with Sharrows based on the policies presented in Chapter 2 The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at locations such as parks. Page 119 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 66 | Alta Planning + Design Table 3-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types Facility Type Description Estimated Cost15 Class I Bicycle Path Paving, striping and signage $800,000 / mile Class II Bicycle Lanes (two sides) Striping, signage, and travel lane restriping $40,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) Signage $15,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) with sharrows Pavement markings and signage $25,000 / mile Bicycle Friendly Street Pavement markings, signage, and limited traffic calming $30,000 / mile Table 3-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network Facility Type Unit Cost per mile Length of Proposed Network (miles) Cost Bicycle Path $800,000 1.2 $ 928,000 Bicycle Lane $40,000 8.5 $ 339,000 Bicycle Route with sharrows $25,000 5.2 $ 130,000 Bicycle-Friendly Street $30,000 6.4 $ 192,000 Total 21.3 $ 1,589,000 3.6 Project Prioritization A prioritized list of bicycle projects will help guide the City of El Segundo in implementing the proposed bicycle facilities presented in this Plan. Each proposed facility discussed in Section 3.4.1 is grouped into projects based on feasibility of implementation. Table 3-15 presents the prioritized projects based on the prioritization methodology displayed in Appendix K. Each criterion contains information about a facility and its ability to address an existing or future need in El Segundo. The projects ranked the highest should be implemented first. 15 Cost estimates include physical removals and installations (e.g. of signs and striping), contract contingency costs, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering. The source for the unit costs is the LA County Bicycle Master Plan, which are based upon a peer review of Southern California bikeway construction unit costs. Page 120 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 67 Table 3-15:El Segundo Prioritized Bicycle Projects Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BL Douglas Street Imperial Highway Rosecrans Avenue 3 6 0 4 4 1 2 1 1 2 24 BL Aviation Boulevard Imperial Highway Rosecrans Avenue 3 6 2 4 4 0 2 1 0 1 23 BR Grand Avenue West end of Street Duley Road 3 6 0 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 23 BL-BR-BP-BL El Segundo Blvd Main St East City Limits 0 0 2 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 19 BR Nash Street Imperial Highway El Segundo Boulevard 3 6 0 0 4 0 1 0 2 2 18 BL Mariposa Avenue Sepulveda Boulevard Douglas Street 0 3 0 4 4 0 2 0 1 2 16 BFS Imperial Avenue Hillcrest Street East end of street 3 6 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 15 BFS Mariposa Avenue West end of Street Sepulveda Boulevard 0 3 0 4 0 2 2 1 1 2 15 BR Loma Vista Street - Binder Place - Whiting Street - El Segundo Boulevard Grand Avenue Main Street 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 14 BFS Loma Vista Street Imperial Avenue Grand Avenue 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 13 BR Utah Avenue Douglas Street Aviation Boulevard 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 0 2 2 10 BR Main Street Imperial Avenue El Segundo Boulevard 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 2 2 9 BFS Sheldon Street - Pine Avenue - Eucalyptus Drive Imperial Avenue Grand Avenue 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 1 1 2 9 BFS Center Street Imperial Avenue El Segundo Boulevard 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 1 1 2 9 BP Washington Street Walnut Avenue Holly Avenue 0 0 0 4 2 0 0 1 0 2 9 BFS Walnut Avenue Center Street Washington Street 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 BL Rosecrans Avenue West City Limits Aviation Boulevard 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 4 *BP=Bike Path, BL=Bike Lane, BR=Bike Route, BFS=Bike Friendly Street Page 121 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 68 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 122 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 69 3.7 Project Sheets The City of El Segundo selected two of its top priority projects from the previous table for more detailed concept designs. Project sheets are shown on the following pages and include:  A review of the existing site conditions  Site challenges  Recommended improvements  Estimated cost  Photos  Aerial images  Concept graphics , Page 123 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 70 | Alta Planning + Design El Segundo Project #1: Douglas Street (Imperial Highway to Rosecrans Ave) Project Site Photos Douglas Street is a north-south arterial located on the eastern portion of the City of El Segundo. It connects to the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) and bike lanes on Imperial Highway to the north and to the City of Manhattan Beach to the south. Douglas Street provides access to major employers, such as Northrop Grumman, as well as a Metro Green Line light rail station and a variety of commercial services. There is no on-street parking on Douglas Street. From Imperial Highway to just south of El Segundo Boulevard, Douglas Street has three travel lanes in both directions of travel and a center turn lane. The roadway width ranges from 85 feet to 100 feet with a posted speed limit of 40 mph. From south of El Segundo Boulevard to Transit Center, Douglas Street drops to two travel lanes in each direction and a center turn lane. This segment has a roadway width of approximately 65 feet and a railroad crossing north of Utah Avenue. South of Transit Center, Douglas Street narrows to two lanes with a center median as it travels under the Metro Green Line bridge until Park Place. The roadway width drops to approximately 23 feet on either side of the center median. Pedestrian access is located above the road, under the bridge. South of Park Place, the road widens to 65 feet with two travel lanes in each direction and a center turn lane until the intersection with Rosecrans Avenue where it widens again to accommodate left and right turn pockets. Looking south on Douglas Street. The northern portion of Douglas Street has wide lanes that could be narrowed to accommodate bicycle lanes. Project Challenges Douglas Street has no existing bicycle facilities, thus bicyclists must share the road with relatively high volumes of vehicles traveling at high speeds. Bicyclists must cross at-grade, angled railroad tracks, which creates the potential for collisions as bicycle tires often get trapped in railroad tracks. When Douglas Street narrows as it travels beneath the Metro Green Line bridge, the road has a significant incline and the lanes become narrow, which can create conflicts due to the speed differential between bicyclists and vehicles. If bicyclists choose to ride on the above grade pedestrian path, they create potential conflicts with pedestrians as the path is not wide enough to accommodate both modes. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 1 mile of Class II Bike Lanes  Add bicycle detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Widen the pedestrian path under the Metro Green Line bridge to accommodate both bicyclists and pedestrians  Realign the bicycle lanes to allow bicyclists to cross perpendicular to the at-grade train tracks Estimated Cost $350,000 Travel lanes narrow beneath the Metro Green Line bridge. The angle of the existing at-grade railroad tracks is challenging for bicyclists to cross. Page 124 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 71 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Douglas Street Douglas Street (Imperial Highway to Rosecrans Ave) Example Bicycle Lane Crossing Railroad Tracks Design Page 125 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 72 | Alta Planning + Design El Segundo Project #2: El Segundo Boulevard (Main Street to Douglas Street) Project Site Photos El Segundo Boulevard is an east-west road located in the center of the City of El Segundo. It connects to the County of Los Angeles to the east and provides secondary connectivity to the Marvin Braude Bikeway to the west. East of Aviation Boulevard, El Segundo Boulevard shares jurisdiction with the County of Los Angeles. El Segundo Boulevard provides access to major employers, such as the Chevron Refinery, as well as a variety of commercial services, residential uses, and Downtown El Segundo. There is no on-street parking on El Segundo Boulevard. From Main Street to Illinois Street, El Segundo Boulevard has two travel lanes in each direction. The roadway width ranges from approximately 50 to 54 feet and has striped edgelines on the north side of the street. The posted speed limit is 35 mph. This segment of El Segundo Boulevard has rolling hills with fairly steep inclines. From Illinois Street to Sepulveda Boulevard the roadway widens to approximately 86 feet to accommodate turn pockets. Between Sepulveda Boulevard and Douglas Street, El Segundo Boulevard has center medians with three travel lanes and turn pockets in each direction. The roadway width (not including turn pockets) is approximately 35 feet on each side of the center median. Looking east on El Segundo Boulevard. The curb and landscaping on the eastbound side could be removed to accommodate bicycle lanes. Project Challenges El Segundo Boulevard has no existing bicycle facilities, thus bicyclists must share the road with vehicles traveling at high speeds on the eastern portion, as well as trucks accessing the Chevron Refinery on the western segment. Steep inclines and declines create potential conflicts between bicyclists and motorists due to the speed differential between the two modes. Between Illinois Street and Sepulveda Boulevard, the roadway width is constrained due to turn pockets. East of Nash Street, the roadway width is also constrained and the City has no current potential for a property easement. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 1.2 miles of Class II Bike Lanes  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Install 0.2 miles Class III Bike Route  Remove 1.2 miles of eastbound curb and landscaping to accommodate bike lanes in City right-of-way (no existing sidewalk)  Widen westbound sidewalk to comply with ADA standards  Install 0.5 miles of bi-directional cycle track  Add bicycle signal phases at entrances/exits to cycle track to be actuated by the presence of bicyclists  Stripe intersection crossing markings to guide bicyclists through the intersections and increase their visibility  Install wayfinding signage to direct bicyclists onto proposed bike lanes on Douglas Street Estimated Cost $175,000 East of Sepulveda Boulevard, El Segundo Boulevard has six travel lanes and high volumes of vehicular traffic. A cycle track will provide protection for bicyclists. Steep inclines on El Segundo Boulevard can create potential conflicts between bicyclists and motorists due to the speed differential between the two modes. Page 126 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 73 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: El Segundo Boulevard El Segundo Boulevard (Main Street to Sepulveda Boulevard) El Segundo Boulevard (Sepulveda Boulevard to Douglas Street) Page 127 of 535 Chapter Three | El Segundo 74 | Alta Planning + Design Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: El Segundo Boulevard Bi-directional Cycle Track and Cycle Track Intersection Crossing Markings Bicycle-Only Signals Page 128 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 75 Chapter 4 Gardena Page 129 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 76 | Alta Planning + Design Page 130 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 77 4 Gardena This chapter presents Gardena’s portion of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. It begins with a discussion of how Gardena complies with Bicycle Transportation Account requirements. The chapter is then organized into the following sections:  Existing conditions  City-specific goals, policies, and implementation actions  Needs analysis  Proposed bicycle network  Project prioritization  Project costs 4.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance The Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) is an annual statewide discretionary program that funds bicycle projects through the Caltrans Bicycle Facility Unit. Available as grants to local jurisdictions, the program emphasizes projects that benefit bicycling for commuting purposes. In order for Gardena to qualify for BTA funds, the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan must contain specific elements. Appendix E displays the requisite BTA components and their location within this plan in tabular form. The tables include “Approved” and “Notes/Comments” columns for the convenience of the Metro official responsible for reviewing compliance. 4.2 Existing Conditions The City of Gardena is located in the northeast portion of the South Bay. It is bordered by the City of Hawthorne and the County of Los Angeles to the north and west, the City of Torrance to the south, and the City of Los Angeles to the east. According to the 2000 census, Gardena has a population of 57,818. The city was incorporated in 1930. 4.2.1 Land Use Appendix A-3 displays a map of the existing land uses in the South Bay Region. Land uses in Gardena are shown at right. Over half of the City’s land area is comprised of residential land uses, most of which is single family. Industrial, commercial, and general office uses make up approximately 30 percent of the land area, which suggests that there are more people living in Gardena than there are jobs available. (See Appendix A-3 for larger map) Existing Land Uses in Gardena Page 131 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 78 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 4-1: Gardena General Plan Land Uses Page 132 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 79 Figure 4-1 illustrates proposed land uses. As compared to existing land uses, the City plans to increase the residential densities in the southern portion of Gardena east of Normandie Avenue. It also intends on creating mixed use developments along 161st Street and 182nd Street. 4.2.2 Bicycle Trip Generators Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities or high concentrations of certain sub-populations, such as transit commuters or zero-vehicle households. Appendix A-4 shows population density in Gardena. 70 percent of the residential land area in the City is single family, low density housing. Low density units generally produce fewer trips as there are fewer persons per acre. They also present challenges to bicycling because there are not as many community services, such as restaurants or grocery stores nearby, so bicyclists must make longer trips to conduct their day-to-day activities. Population density, measured as the number of persons per acre, is a strong indicator of potential bicycle activity, because more people living in an area implies more trips to and from that area. The high population densities of urbanized environments also tend to support bicycle travel through mixed land uses, interconnected street networks, and shorter trip lengths. The highest population densities in Gardena are in the central and eastern portions of the city. Appendix A-5 displays employment density in Gardena. The City has high employment densities along major corridors, such as Redondo Beach Boulevard, Western Avenue, and 166th Street. The land uses along Redondo Beach Boulevard are mainly commercial and services, while the land use along Western Avenue is industrial. 166th Street has a mix of industrial, and commercial and services. These sites have the potential to generate bicycle activity, as they are located in environments with a variety of land uses where trips between uses can be shorter. Appendix A-6, Appendix A-7, and Appendix A-8 display the number and percent of zero-vehicle households, median annual income, and percent transit commuters by census tract. Throughout most of Gardena, households have median annual incomes below $35,000 (in 1999 dollars) and at least five percent of households do not own a vehicle. The City also has high percentages of transit commuters. This increases the potential for Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities. Page 133 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 80 | Alta Planning + Design bicycling activity because residents who do not have vehicles must use alternative modes and are likely to combine bicycle and transit trips. In addition to the reasons discussed above, Gardena has the potential for increased bicycle activity from bicyclists passing through on their way to destinations outside of the city. A bicycle network that is connected within Gardena, as well as linked to bicycle facilities in adjacent communities, further generates bicycle traffic as it provides a viable transportation option to driving a motorized vehicle. 4.2.3 Relevant Plans and Policies Table 4-1 outlines information regarding bicycles from the City of Gardena’s Circulation Element. Table 4-1: Gardena Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies Document Description General Plan Circulation Plan (2006) The City of Gardena most recently updated its General Plan in 2006. The Circulation Plan, which is part of the Community Development Element, is included in this update. The Circulation Plan contains the Bikeways Map (Appendix F-2), which displays where the existing Class I and Class III bicycle facilities are located in the city. There are no proposed facilities shown on the map. The Circulation Plan also addresses bicycling in its goal to promote safe, efficient, and accessible alternative transportation modes. To do so, the City will maintain a citywide bicycle route and maintenance plan that is integrated with MTA’s regional bicycle system. Municipal Code The City’s Municipal Code requires all bicycles to be registered with the police department and the owner to obtain a bicycle license. Riding bicycles on the sidewalk is prohibited in business districts and prohibited outside of business districts unless roadway conditions are hazardous or unsafe. 4.2.4 Existing Bicycle Network Figure 4-2 shows a map of the existing bicycle facilities in Gardena. Appendix A-2 displays a map of the existing bicycle facilities in the South Bay Region. Bicycle facility types are discussed in Section 1.3. The City of Gardena has approximately 16 total miles of bikeways, 80 percent of which make up an extensive network of Class III bike routes. Table 4-2 summarizes the classification and mileage of the existing network. Page 134 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 81 Figure 4-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Gardena Page 135 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 82 | Alta Planning + Design Table 4-2: Gardena Bicycle Network Facility Type Mileage Class I (Bike Path) 1.1 Class II (Bike Lanes) 1.9 Class III (Bike Route) 12.7 Total Mileage 15.7 4.2.5 Existing End-of-Trip Parking Facilities The BTA requires that this plan inventory publicly-accessible short-term and long-term end-of-trip bicycle facilities for the members of the bicycling public to park their bicycles, as well as change and store clothes and equipment. Short-term facilities consist of bicycle racks. Long-term facilities include, but are not limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. Gardena does not currently provide any publicly- accessible end-of-trip bicycle facilities within its jurisdiction. 4.2.6 Multi-Modal Connections Transit is often best for longer trips, while bicycling is better for shorter trips. Combining transit use and bicycling can offer a high level of mobility that is comparable to travel by automobile. Appendix A-10 shows the existing Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (Metro) transit routes that serve the City of Gardena. Metro operates several bus lines with routes through the City. Buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The northern and southern portions of the City are served by bus routes, while the center of the City is left underserved. This requires those commuting to and from the interior of Gardena to travel longer distances to access transit, trips that would be made easier by bicycle given adequate bicycle facilities. Torrance Transit Lines 1, 2, and 5, operated by the City of Torrance, also serve Gardena. Appendix A-14 shows the Torrance Transit System Map. Buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The BTA requires that this plan inventory existing bicycle transport and parking facilities for connecting to public transit services. These facilities include, but are not limited to, bicycle parking at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, and park and ride lots; and provisions for transporting bicycles on public transit vehicles. Gardena does not currently provide any intermodal end- of-trip bicycle facilities within its jurisdiction. Page 136 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 83 4.2.7 Education and Enforcement Strategies Bicycle education programs and enforcement of bicycle-related policies help to make riding safer for all bicyclists. Gardena does not currently provide any education or enforcement programs that promote bicycle safety. 4.2.8 Past Bicycle-Related Expenditures Between 2000 and 2010 the City of Gardena has not incurred any bicycle-related expenditure. 4.3 Needs Analysis This section describes the needs of bicyclists in Gardena. It first summarizes feedback collected from the online survey and public workshops. The section also provides estimates and forecasts of bicycle commuting to determine the estimated bicycling demand in the city. It finally analyzes bicycle collision data between 2007 and 2009 to identify areas that would benefit from bicycle facility improvements. 4.3.1 Public Outreach As mentioned in Chapter 1, the public had the opportunity to provide input in the planning process through an online survey and the first round of public workshops. This section summarizes locations in Gardena that the community identified as desirable for bikeways and bicycle support facilities. The most commonly identified locations for bicycle facilities in Gardena were residential streets, such as 139th Street, 146th Street, and 147th Street. The public also frequently mentioned arterial and collector streets, including Budlong Avenue, Normandie Avenue, Western Avenue, and Van Ness Avenue. The community noted that additional bicycle parking facilities are desirable along transit routes. 4.3.2 Bicycle Commuter Estimates and Forecasts United States Census “Commuting to Work” data provides an indication of current bicycle system usage. Appendix A-15 shows the percent bicycle commuters in Gardena by census tract. The highest percentages of bicycle commuters are located in central Gardena, followed by the northern portion of the City. Table 4-3 presents commute to work data estimates reported by the 2000 US Census for Gardena. For comparative purposes, the table includes commute to work data for the United States, The highest percentage of bicycle commuters in Gardena are located in the central portion of the city. Page 137 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 84 | Alta Planning + Design California, and County of Los Angeles. According to the estimates, 0.9 percent of residents in Gardena commute predominantly by bicycle. The percent of bicycle commuters in Gardena is higher than that of the County of Los Angeles. It is comparable to that of California and above the United States as a whole. It is important to note that this figure likely underestimates the true amount of bicycling that occurs in Gardena for several reasons. First, data reflects respondents’ dominant commute mode and therefore does not capture trips to school, for errands, or other bike trips that would supplant vehicular trips. Also, US Census data collection methods only enable a respondent to select one mode of travel, thus excluding bicycle trips if they constitute part of a longer multimodal trip. The percentage of commuters in Gardena that commute by transit is lower than that of those that drive alone. Gardena also has a high percentage of carpooling, but a low percentage of walking. In addition to bicycle commuters in Gardena, bicyclists from neighboring communities use the city’s bicycle network to reach their destinations and are not reflected in this data. This Plan addresses the need for regional connectivity to accommodate bicyclists passing through Gardena’s bicycle network in Section 4.4. Table 4-3: Means of Transportation to Work Mode United States California Los Angeles County Gardena Bicycle 0.38% 0.83% 0.62% 0.90% Drove Alone – car, truck, or van 75.70% 71.82% 70.36% 75.21% Carpool – car, truck, or van 12.19% 14.55% 15.08% 15.31% Transit 4.73% 5.07% 6.58% 4.07% Walked 2.93% 2.85% 2.93% 1.90% Other Means 0.70% 0.79% 0.76% 0.55% Worked at Home 3.26% 3.83% 3.49% 1.90% Source: US Census 2000 Table 4-4 presents an estimate of current bicycling within Gardena using US Census data along with several adjustments for likely bicycle commuter underestimations, as discussed above. Table 4-5 presents the associated air quality benefits from bicycling. Page 138 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 85 Table 4-4: Existing Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Existing study area population 57,818 2000 US Census, P1 Existing employed population 23,363 2000 US Census, P30 Existing bike-to-work mode share 0.90% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of bike-to-work commuters 210 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Existing work-at-home mode share 1.90% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of work-at-home bike commuters 44 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Existing transit-to-work mode share 4.07% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing transit bicycle commuters 238 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Existing school children, ages 6-14 (grades K- 8) 7,714 2000 US Census, P8 Existing school children bicycling mode share 2.0% National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Existing school children bike commuters 154 School children population multiplied by school children bike mode share Existing number of college students in study area 4,431 2000 US Census, PCT24 Existing estimated college bicycling mode share 5.0% Review of bicycle commute share in seven university communities (source: National Bicycling & Walking Study, FHWA, Case Study No. 1, 1995), review of bicycle commute share at the University of California, Los Angeles Existing college bike commuters 222 College student population multiplied by college student bicycling mode share Existing total number of bike commuters 868 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian bike trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 1,736 Total bicycle commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 139 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 86 | Alta Planning + Design Table 4-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Current Estimated VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 429 Assumes 73% of bicycle trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 112,073 Reduced weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 2,863 Assumes average round trip travel length of 5 miles for adults/college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 747,195 Reduced weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Current Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 9 Daily mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 6 Daily mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 78 Daily mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 2,329 Daily mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 2,240 Yearly mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 9 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 8 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 1,565 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 20,426 Yearly mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/yr) 607,847 Yearly mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. Table 4-6 presents projected year 2030 bicycling activity within Gardena using California Department of Finance population and school enrollment projections. The projection contains the assumption that bicycle mode share will double by 2030, due in part to bicycle network implementation. Actual bicycle mode share in 2030 will depend on many factors, including the extent of network implementation. Table 4-7 presents the associated year Page 140 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 87 2030 air quality benefit forecasts. The calculations follow in a straightforward manner from the Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand. Table 4-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Future study area population 71,950 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050. Future employed population 29,073 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050, Future bike-to-work mode share 1.80% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of bike-to-work commuters 523 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Future work-at-home mode share 2.58% Calculated based on change in mode share from 1990 US Census, P49, to 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of work-at-home bike commuters 75 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Future transit-to-work mode share 8.14% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future transit bicycle commuters 592 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Future school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 6,130 Calculated from CA Dept. of Finance, California Public K–12 Graded Enrollment and High School Graduate Projections by County, 2010 Series. Future school children bicycling mode share 4.0% Double the rate of national school commute trends. National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Future school children bike commuters 245 School children population multiplied by school children bicycling mode share Future number of college students in study area 5,514 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000- 2050, Sacramento, California, July 2007. Future estimated college bicycling mode share 7.0% Equal to existing condition assumption from “Review of bicycle commute share in seven university communities” (Source: National Bicycling & Walking Study, FHWA, Case Study No. 1, 1995). Future college bike commuters 386 College student population x college student bicycling mode share Future total number of bike commuters 1,821 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian biking trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 3,642 Total bike commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 141 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 88 | Alta Planning + Design Table 4-7 Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Forecasted VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 848 Assumes 73% of biking trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 221,450 Reduced number of weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 5,878 Assumes average round trip travel length of 8 miles for adults / college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 1,534,186 Reduced number of weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Forecasted Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 18 Daily mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 12 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 161 Daily mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 4,782 Daily mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 4,600 Yearly mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 18 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 17 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 3,213 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 41,941 Yearly mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced CO2 (lbs/yr) 1,248,069 Yearly mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. This model uses the latest state projections for population growth and reasonable assumptions about future bicycle ridership. The benefits model predicts that the total number of bicycle commute trips could increase from the current daily estimate of approximately 1,700 to roughly 3,600, resulting in a substantial reduction of both Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and associated emissions. This includes a yearly emissions reduction by 2030 of approximately 3,200 pounds of smog forming N0X and approximately 1.2 Page 142 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 89 million pounds of C02, the principal gas associated with global climate change. Providing bicycle facilities will encourage new bicyclists to begin to ride, thus positively impacting air quality by reducing harmful pollutants from driving motorized vehicles. Because this plan recommends local connections throughout and regional links between the participating cities, it has the potential to have even greater air quality benefits. Bicyclists may not need to rely as heavily on vehicles for transportation because bicycling will be a viable transportation alternative upon implementation of this Plan. 4.3.3 Bicycle Counts To assess bicycling levels at different sites throughout Gardena, volunteers conducted bicycle counts, in which they manually recorded the number of bicyclists that rode by. 4.3.3.1 Methodology The methodology for the bicycle counts derives from the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project (NBPD), a collaborative effort of Alta Planning + Design and the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The NBPD methodology aims to capture both utilitarian bicycling and recreational bicycling. The NBPD also provides guidance on how to select count locations. Volunteers conducted bicycle counts in each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay on Thursday, November 4, 2010 from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and Saturday, November 6, 2010 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. These dates are meant to capture volumes of bicyclists on a typical weekday and weekend day. Fall is an appropriate time to conduct bicycle counts in California because school is back in session and vacations are typically over. In Gardena, volunteers were stationed at four stations on Thursday and three stations on Saturday. There were 36 total locations in the South Bay region on each day. The count locations were selected in partnership by city staff, Alta Planning + Design, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition staff, and South Bay Bicycle Coalition board members. This snapshot of locations is meant to capture a diverse bicycling population using the roads and streets that span the spectrum of bike-friendliness. 4.3.3.2 Results The count results for the South Bay are displayed in Appendix A- 16 and Appendix A-17. Count results for Gardena are shown at Weekday Bicycle Count Results in Gardena (See Appendix A-16 for larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekend Bicycle Count Results in Gardena (See Appendix A-17 for larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Page 143 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 90 | Alta Planning + Design right. Detailed count data, including a list of count locations, is presented in Appendix H. On Thursday, the Gardena station that experienced the highest volume was Crenshaw Boulevard and Manhattan Beach Boulevard with 106 bicyclists during the three hour counting period. The station with the highest number of bicyclists on Saturday was Crenshaw Boulevard and Redondo Beach Boulevard, which had 56 bicyclists during the three hour counting period. On both days, the locations with the highest numbers of bicyclists in the South Bay region as a whole were those along the Strand on the County-maintained Marvin Braude Bikeway. Apart from the Strand stations, the inland count locations in Lawndale and Gardena experienced the most riders during the week. On the weekend, there were overall fewer riders in the inland count stations and more riders along the coast. This suggests that more bicyclists ride a bicycle for commuting during the week and for recreation on the weekend. In the region as a whole, approximately 83 percent of bicyclists were male. About 70 percent of those observed did not wear helmets and 41 percent rode on the sidewalks. On Thursday, there were 18 locations at which over half of the observed bicyclists rode on the sidewalk and on Saturday there were nine. Riding on the sidewalk can be an indicator of a lack of bicycle facilities, as bicyclists that are uncomfortable riding with traffic may choose to ride on the sidewalk instead. 4.3.4 Bicycle Collision Analysis Safety is a major concern for both existing and potential bicyclists. Concern about safety is the most common reason given for not riding a bicycle (or riding more often), according to national surveys. Identifying bicycle collision sites can draw attention to areas that warrant improvement, particularly if multiple collisions occur at the same location. This analysis employs the most reliable data source available, the California Highway Patrol’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System. The data set only includes reported collisions, and so represents a subset of all the bicycle collisions in Gardena. This data does not include any assessment of conditions present at the time of the collision. There are numerous factors that may contribute to a given incident including but not limited to time of day, visibility, distractions, obstacles or traffic law obedience. This data simply reflects reported incidents, resulting injuries and the party at fault. This data does not infer (See Appendix A-18 for larger map) Bicycle Collisions in Gardena 2007-2009 Page 144 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 91 faulty infrastructure, but rather provides a baseline of collisions that often decreases in correlation with bike plan implementation and the improvements to facilities and road user behavior and awareness that accompanies it. Fault as determined by law enforcement is discussed below. Table 4-8 presents the number of reported collisions involving bicyclists, number of bicyclists involved, and severity of the bicycle collisions for three consecutive years: 2007, 2008, and 2009. Appendix A-18 shows locations of bicycle collisions in the South Bay region in the same time period. Bicycle collisions in Gardena are shown on the preceding page. There were 40 total reported collisions involving bicyclists in the City of Gardena from 2007- 2009. Most of the crashes in Gardena were dispersed throughout the city, though the intersection of 162nd Street and Normandie Avenue and the intersection of Marine Avenue and Gramercy Place both experienced two collisions. Four collisions involving bicyclists occurred along Redondo Beach Boulevard in the eastern portion of the city. Likewise, six collisions involving bicyclists occurred on Western Avenue in the southern half of the city. Table 4-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 Total Crashes Involving Bicyclists Number of Bicyclists Involved Persons Injured Persons Severely Injured Persons Killed 40 40 40 0 0 Source: California Highway Patrol, Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) As reported by police officers in traffic reports, bicyclists were at fault in 58 percent of collisions involving bicycles (23 crashes) in this time period. Providing bicycle facilities encourages more people to ride. When motorists begin to look for and expect to see bicyclists, collisions between vehicles and bicyclists are reduced. The City of New York, for example, reported that as ridership increased between 1998 and 2008, the number of annual casualties from bicycle collisions decreased (see Appendix B). Appendix A-1 displays estimated weekday traffic volumes in the participating cities. There is no data available for Gardena. Page 145 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 92 | Alta Planning + Design 4.4 Proposed Bicycle Network This section presents the proposed bicycle network for the City of Gardena, which includes bicycle parking facilities. Upon implementation of the proposed network, the City should coordinate and collaborate with adjacent participating South Bay cities to emphasize a regional bicycle network. Bicycle facilities discussed in this Plan are described in Section 1.3 and shown in Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4. Appendix C outlines the recommended standards for each facility classification as compared to minimum standards. In addition to creating a comprehensive network of bikeways in Gardena, the recommended system ties into the proposed bicycle facilities for the other South Bay participating cities to create a connected regional network. This will give bicyclists from adjacent communities the opportunity to pass through Gardena to reach their destinations without losing bicycle facilities at city boundaries. Bikeway recommendations are also based on the existing City bicycle plans, public input, topography, traffic volumes, and traffic speeds. 4.4.1 Proposed Bikeway Facilities The proposed bicycle network for the City of Gardena consists of Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets, and is shown in Figure 4-3. Four tables identify the streets on which facilities are proposed, the extents of each proposed facility, and the length in miles of each proposed facility. Table 4-9 lists the proposed bicycle paths, Table 4-10 lists the proposed bicycle lanes, Table 4-11 lists the proposed bicycle routes, and Table 4-12 lists the proposed bicycle-friendly streets. The proposed bicycle network for the South Bay region as a whole is presented in Appendix A-19. The proposed bicycle network in Gardena connects with the recommended networks in Torrance and Lawndale, as well as the Los Angeles County bicycle system. The proposed bicycle network for the City of Gardena consists of Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets. Page 146 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 93 Figure 4-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Gardena Page 147 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 94 | Alta Planning + Design Table 4-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Gardena Street From To Miles 132nd Street Cimarron Wilton 0.06 139th St Extension Budlong Avenue Agate Ct 0.07 Carnelian Place Extension W side of Vermont Ave E side of Vermont Ave 0.03 132nd Street Extension W side of Vermont Ave E side of Vermont Ave 0.03 Total Bicycle Path Mileage 0.2 Table 4-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Gardena Street From To Miles Western Avenue El Segundo Boulevard 146th Street 1.2 Crenshaw Boulevard El Segundo Boulevard Redondo Beach Boulevard 2.3 El Segundo Boulevard Crenshaw Boulevard Vermont Avenue 2.0 Vermont Avenue El Segundo Boulevard Electric Street 3.5 182nd Street Normandie Avenue Vermont Avenue 0.4 135th Street Crenshaw Boulevard Western Avenue 1.0 Total Bicycle Lane Mileage 10.4 Table 4-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Gardena Street From To Miles Denker Avenue 154th 158th 0.3 Gardena Boulevard - 164th Street Brighton Avenue Vermont Avenue 0.6 Gardena Boulevard West City Limits Western Avenue 0.2 182nd Street Western Avenue Normandie Avenue 0.7 132nd St Western Avenue Budlong Ave 0.7 135th Street Western Avenue Vermont Avenue 1.0 Marine Avenue Halldale Avenue Normandie Avenue 0.1 162nd Street Denker Ave Normandie Avenue 0.3 Total Bicycle Route Mileage 3.9 Table 4-12: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Gardena Street From To Miles Budlong Avenue - 155th Street - Van Buren Avenue - Magnolia Avenue - Budlong Avenue El Segundo Boulevard 162nd Street 2.3 132nd Street Spinning Avenue Western Avenue (excluding BP from Cimarron to Wilton) 0.5 154th Street Van Ness Avenue Denker Avenue 0.8 Page 148 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 95 Street From To Miles Berendo Avenue 162nd Street 170th Street 0.5 Harvard Boulevard 147th Street 154th Street 0.4 154th Street - 154th Place - Cimarron Way Crenshaw Boulevard 154th Street 0.7 Denker Avenue 146th St 154th Street 0.5 Denker Avenue - 166th Street - Denker Avenue 158th St 170th Street 0.8 Purch Avenue - 129th Street - Spinning Avenue - 134th Place El Segundo Boulevard Van Ness Avenue 0.6 158th St Denker Ave Normandie Ave 0.3 Magnolia Ave Normandie Ave Vermont Ave 0.4 139th St Normandie Ave Budlong Ave 0.3 Agate Court - Opal Way - Garnet Lane - Amber Place - Emerald Lane - Carnelian Place 139th St Extension Vermont Avenue 0.2 139th Street - Purche Avenue - 141st Place - Ardath Avenue Van Ness Avenue Rosecrans Avenue 0.6 Gramercy Place - Redondo Beach Boulevard - 161st Street - St Andrews Place 147th St Gardena Boulevard 1.3 St Andrews Place - 166th St - Gramercy Place Gardena Boulevard Artesia Blvd 0.7 162nd Street Normandie Avenue Berendo Avenue 0.4 170th St Denker Ave Vermont Avenue 0.8 Spinning Avenue 147th Street Marine Avenue 0.3 Marine Avenue Normandie Avenue Vermont Avenue 0.5 147th Street - 146th Place - Gramercy Place - 146th Street Crenshaw Boulevard Halldale Avenue 1.4 148th Street - Western Avenue - 147th Street Marine Avenue Halldale Avenue 0.7 Wadkins Avenue - Marine Avenue - Atkinson Avenue Rosecrans Avenue 154th Street 0.8 132nd Street Budlong Avenue Vermont Avenue 0.3 Halldale Avenue 139th St Marine Avenue 0.8 Gardena Boulevard West City Limits Western Avenue 0.3 Total Bicycle-Friendly Street Mileage 16.8 Page 149 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 96 | Alta Planning + Design 4.4.2 Proposed End-of-Trip Bicycle Facilities Support facilities and connections to other modes of transportation are essential components of a bicycle system because they enhance safety and convenience for bicyclists at the end of every trip. With nearly all utilitarian and many recreational bike trips, bicyclists need secure and well-located bicycle parking. A comprehensive bicycle parking strategy is one of the most important things that a jurisdiction can apply to immediately enhance the bicycling environment. Moreover, a bicycle parking strategy with connections to public transit will further the geographical range of residents traveling without using an automobile. The Gardena Municipal Code currently does not provide bicycle parking standards. The City should amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on the quantity and type of bicycle parking to be provided at new and retrofitted multi-family residential, commercial, office, and mixed-use land uses of all sizes. Quantity of bicycle parking should be based on square footage of developments or by number of employees/residents to adequately address the bicycle demand at each development. The City should also amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of both short- and long-term bicycle parking facility designs, which are shown in Appendix J. Bicycle rack designs should include racks that provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. This will provide a high degree of security and support for the bicycle. Long-term bicycle parking should be in the form of:  Covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles;  Lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks; or  Lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers. When people commute by bicycle they often sweat or become dirty from weather or road conditions. Providing changing and storing facilities encourages commuters to travel by bicycle because they have a place to clean up before work or school. Gardena’s Municipal Code should require all new mid-to-large employers, offices, and businesses to supply changing and storing facilities, such as by providing showers and clothes lockers within the buildings or arranging agreements with nearby recreation centers to allow commuters to use their facilities. The City should also amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of both short- and long- term bicycle parking facility designs. Page 150 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 97 Figure 4-4 displays proposed short- and long-term bicycle parking locations in Gardena. The City should ensure there is adequate short-term bicycle parking in the form of bicycle racks at all major trip attractors, including commercial and civic activity centers and transit hubs. The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at the following locations:  Parks  Schools  Commercial/office areas  Civic/government buildings  Public transit stations High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts should provide more secure, long-term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. Any future transit hubs and intermodal facilities should include secure bicycle parking areas as part of their design. Secure bicycle parking areas that provide services, such as bicycle rentals and repair, should be considered at major transit stations and commuter destinations. High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts, should provide more secure, long-term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. Page 151 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 98 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 4-4: Gardena Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities Page 152 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 99 4.5 Project Costs This section presents the cost to implement the proposed bicycle network in Gardena. 4.5.1 Cost Estimates Table 4-13 displays the planning-level capital cost assumptions for each facility type proposed in this plan and Table 4-14 displays the cost to implement the proposed network in the City of Gardena from the cost assumptions.16 Cost assumptions are based on LA County averages and may vary depending on environmental conditions of a given facility, unforeseen construction cost variations, and similar considerations. Cost assumptions exclude specific treatments that may vary by location and must be determined by field review, such as traffic calming measures, restriping of existing travel lanes, and sign removal. Cost assumptions do not include traffic signal improvements, such as changes to phasing, recalibration of loop detectors, or installation of push buttons. For detailed cost estimations, refer to the project sheets presented in Section 4.7. Table 4-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types Facility Type Description Estimated Cost17 Class I Bicycle Path Paving, striping and signage $800,000 / mile Class II Bicycle Lanes (two sides) Striping, signage, and travel lane restriping $40,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) Signage $15,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) with sharrows Pavement markings and signage $25,000 / mile Bicycle Friendly Street Pavement markings, signage, and limited traffic calming $30,000 / mile 16 Table 4-14 assumes the cost of implementing Class III Bicycle Routes with Sharrows based on the policies presented in Chapter 2 17 Cost estimates include physical removals and installations (e.g. of signs and striping), contract contingency costs, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering. The source for the unit costs is the LA County Bicycle Master Plan, which are based upon a peer review of Southern California bikeway construction unit costs. Page 153 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 100 | Alta Planning + Design Table 4-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network Facility Type Unit Cost per mile Length of Proposed Network (miles) Cost Bicycle Path $800,000 0.2 $ 152,000 Bicycle Lane $40,000 10.4 $ 416,000 Bicycle Route with sharrows $25,000 3.9 $ 97,000 Bicycle-Friendly Street $30,000 16.8 $ 505,000 Total 31.3 $ 1,170,000 4.6 Project Prioritization A prioritized list of bicycle projects will help guide the City of Gardena in implementing the proposed bicycle facilities presented in this Plan. Each proposed facility discussed in Section 4.4.1 is grouped into projects based on feasibility of implementation. Table 4-15 presents the prioritized projects based on the prioritization methodology displayed in Appendix K. Each criterion contains information about a facility and its ability to address an existing or future need in Gardena. The projects ranked the highest should be implemented first. Page 154 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 101 Table 4-15: Gardena Prioritized Bicycle Projects Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BFS Budlong Avenue - 155th Street - Van Buren Avenue - Magnolia Avenue - Budlong Avenue El Segundo Boulevard 162nd Street 3 6 2 2 0 1 2 2 1 2 21BFS 154th Street Van Ness Avenue Denker Avenue 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 18BFS Berendo Avenue 162nd Street 170th Street 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 18BFS Harvard Boulevard 147th Street 154th Street 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 18BFS 158th St Denker Ave Normandie Ave 6 6 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 18BFS Magnolia Ave Normandie Ave Vermont Ave 6 6 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 18BFS 154th Street - 154th Place - Cimarron Way Crenshaw Boulevard 154th Street 3 6 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 17BFS Denker Avenue 146th St 154th Street 3 6 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 17BR Denker Avenue 154th 158th 3 6 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 17BFS Denker Avenue - 166th Street - Denker Avenue 158th St 170th Street 3 6 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 2 17BL Western Avenue El Segundo Boulevard 146th Street 0 6 2 2 0 0 2 2 1 1 16BFS Purch Avenue - 129th Street - Spinning Avenue - 134th Place El Segundo Boulevard Van Ness Avenue 3 6 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 16BL Crenshaw Boulevard El Segundo Boulevard Redondo Beach Boulevard 0 6 0 4 0 0 2 2 0 2 16BR Gardena Boulevard - 164th Street Brighton Avenue Vermont Avenue 3 6 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 16Page 155 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 102 | Alta Planning + Design Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BFS - BP - BFS - BP 139th Street - Agate Court - Opal Way - Garnet Lane - Amber Place - Emerald Lane - Carnelian Place Normandie Ave Vermont Ave 3 6 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 2 16BFS - BP - BFS 132nd Street Spinning Avenue Western Avenue 3 3 0 4 0 0 0 2 1 2 15BL El Segundo Boulevard Crenshaw Boulevard Vermont Avenue 0 6 0 2 0 1 2 2 0 2 15BFS 139th Street - Purche Avenue - 141st Place - Ardath Avenue Van Ness Avenue Rosecrans Avenue 3 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 15BL Vermont Avenue El Segundo Boulevard Electric Street 0 6 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 1 15BFS 146th St - Gramercy Place - Redondo Beach Boulevard - 161st Street - St Andrews Place - 166th St - Gramercy Place 147th St Artesia Blvd 0 6 0 2 0 1 2 1 1 2 15BFS 162nd Street Normandie Avenue Berendo Avenue 6 3 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 15BFS 170th St Denker Ave Vermont Avenue 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 14BFS Marine Avenue Normandie Avenue Vermont Avenue 3 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 14BR Gardena Boulevard West City Limits Western Avenue 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 12BFS 147th Street Crenshaw Boulevard Western Avenue 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 12Page 156 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 103 Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BFS 148th Street - Western Avenue - 147th Street Gramercy Pl Halldale Avenue 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 12BFS Spinning Avenue 147th Street Marine Avenue 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 11BFS Wadkins Avenue - Marine Avenue - Atkinson Avenue Rosecrans Avenue 154th Street 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 11BR - BL 182nd Street Western Avenue Vermont Avenue 0 3 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 1 10BR Marine Avenue Halldale Avenue Normandie Avenue 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 2 2 0 10BFS Gardena Boulevard West City Limits Western Avenue 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 2 0 10BFS - BP 132nd Street Budlong Avenue Vermont Avenue 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 9BR 132nd St Western Avenue Budlong Ave 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 9BFS Halldale Avenue 139th St Marine Avenue 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 9BL 135th Street Crenshaw Boulevard Western Avenue 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 8BR 135th Street Western Avenue Vermont Avenue 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 2 1 0 8BR 162nd Street Denker Ave Normandie Avenue 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 6*BP=Bike Path, BL=-Bike Lane, BR=Bike Route, BFS=Bike Friendly Street Page 157 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 104 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 158 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 105 4.7 Project Sheets The City of Gardena selected two of its top priority projects from the previous table for more detailed concept designs. Project sheets are shown on the following pages and include:  A review of the existing site conditions  Site challenges  Recommended improvements  Estimated cost  Photos  Aerial images  Concept graphics Page 159 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 106 | Alta Planning + Design Gardena Project #1: Western Avenue (El Segundo Boulevard to 146th Street) Project Site Photos Western Avenue is a north-south arterial located in the center of the City of Gardena. It connects to the County of Los Angeles to the north and the City of Torrance to the South. Western Avenue provides access to a wide variety of commercial and industrial services. There is existing on-street parallel parking along the entire street. Western Avenue has two travel lanes in each direction, a center turn lane, and a posted speed limit of 35 mph. From El Segundo Boulevard to 139th Street, Western Avenue has a roadway width of approximately 78 to 80 feet. There are center medians north and south of the intersection of 135th Street with 32 feet of roadway width on each side. South of 139th Street, the roadway width of Western Avenue drops to 75 feet. There is a center median north of Rosecrans with a roadway width of approximately 30 to 31 feet on each side. On the northbound side of the median there are three travel lanes. The third travel lane terminates after the median ends. Looking north on Western Avenue. Bicyclists must share the road with high volumes of motorized vehicles. Project Challenges Western Avenue has no existing bicycle facilities, thus bicyclists must share the road with high volumes of vehicles traveling at high speeds on an arterial street. Center medians and on-street parking reduce the available space for bicycle facilities. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 1.2 miles of Class II Bike Lanes  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Remove approximately 25 on-street parking spaces and the third northbound travel lane at the center median north of Rosecrans Avenue  Install wayfinding signage after the implementation of the bike friendly street on 146th Street to guide bicyclists from Western Avenue to bike friendly street Estimated Cost $100,000 Bicycle detectors at signalized intersections will position bicyclists to trigger the signal when no vehicles are present. A third northbound travel lane along the center median at Rosecrans Avenue does not provide adequate roadway width for a bicycle lane. Page 160 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 107 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Western Avenue Western Avenue (El Segundo Boulevard to 146th Street) Bike Lanes Next to On-street Parking and Bike Lane with Buffer Page 161 of 535 Chapter Four | Gardena 108 | Alta Planning + Design Gardena Project #2: 146th Street – Gramercy Place – 161 st Street – St. Andrews Place – 166 th Street – Gramercy Place (Western Avenue to Artesia Boulevard) Project Site Photos 146th Street – Gramercy Place – 161st Street – St. Andrews Place – 166th Street – Gramercy Place is a series of primarily residential streets in the center of the City of Gardena. It connects to proposed bike lanes on Western Avenue to the north and connects to Artesia Boulevard to the south. This segment provides access to Chapman Elementary School and several industrial uses. There is on-street parallel parking along most of this segment. 146th Street – Gramercy Place – 161st Street – St. Andrews Place – 166th Street – Gramercy Place has two travel lanes in each direction. Gramercy Place – 161st Street – St. Andrews Place from Redondo Beach Boulevard to 162nd Street has a striped center lane. There is a signalized intersection at Gramercy Place and Redondo Beach Boulevard, and many stop controlled intersections throughout the segment. A HAWK across Artesia Boulevard will allow bicyclists and pedestrians to safely cross busy arterials. Project Challenges While 146th Street – Gramercy Place – 161st Street – St. Andrews Place – 166th Street – Gramercy Place consists of primarily quiet residential streets, the streets jog from one to the other and lack connectivity making it difficult to navigate by bicycle. Intersections with Western Avenue and Artesia Boulevard are stop controlled on the minor street which makes it challenging for bicyclists to cross the arterials and initiate left turns. South of 166th Street, Gramercy Place has several industrial services which potentially attract vehicular traffic. Proposed Improvements  Install signage and stripe pavement markings, such as sharrows or bike friendly street stencils  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Install wayfinding signage at locations where the bike route curves  Stripe bike left turn lanes on 166th Street at St. Andrews Place and 166th Street at Gramercy Place  Install High Intensity Activated Crosswalks (HAWKs) across Artesia Boulevard and Western Avenue  Construct speed humps on Gramercy Place south of 166th Street Estimated Cost $200,000 A bike left turn pocket on 166th Street at Gramercy Place will provide bicyclists a protected place to queue. A HAWK across Western Avenue will allow bicyclists and pedestrians to safely cross busy arterials. Page 162 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 109 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: 146th Street – Gramercy Place – 161 st Street – St. Andrews Place – 166th Street – Gramercy Place (Western Avenue to Artesia Boulevard) 146th Street – Gramercy Place – 161st Street – St. Andrews Place – 166th Street – Gramercy Place (Western Avenue to Artesia Boulevard) Example Bike Left Turn Pocket and HAWK Page 163 of 535 110 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 164 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 111 Chapter 5 Hermosa Beach Page 165 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 112 | Alta Planning + Design Page 166 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 113 5 Hermosa Beach This chapter presents the Hermosa Beach sections of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. It begins with a table that identifies how Hermosa Beach complies with Bicycle Transportation Account requirements. The chapter is then organized into the following sections:  Existing conditions  City-specific goals, policies, and implementation actions  Needs analysis  Proposed bicycle network  Project prioritization  Project costs 5.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance The Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) is an annual statewide discretionary program that funds bicycle projects through the Caltrans Bicycle Facility Unit. Available as grants to local jurisdictions, the program emphasizes projects that benefit bicycling for commuting purposes. In order for Hermosa Beach to qualify for BTA funds, the South B ay Bicycle Master Plan must contain specific elements. Appendix E displays the requisite BTA components and their location within this plan in tabular form. The table includes “Approved” and “Notes/Comments” columns for the convenience of the Metro official responsible for reviewing compliance. 5.2 Existing Conditions Hermosa Beach is located in the western portion of the South Bay region. It is bordered by the City of Manhattan Beach to the north, the City of Redondo Beach to the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. According to the 2000 Census, Hermosa Beach has a population of 18,442. The city was incorporated in 1907. 5.2.1 Land Use Appendix A-3 displays a map of the existing land uses in the South Bay Region. Land uses in Hermosa Beach are shown at right. The largest land use is residential: approximately 40 percent of Hermosa Beach’s land area is single family and 21 percent is other residential. The City also is comprised of about 15 percent open space. Existing Land Uses in Hermosa Beach (See Appendix A-3 for larger map) Page 167 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 114 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 5-1: City of Hermosa Beach Zoning Map Page 168 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 115 Figure 5-1 displays the proposed land uses for Hermosa Beach. Existing land uses are generally consistent with use types and densities on the zoning map. There is limited potential for increased densities such that future development will be largely comprised of infill on the City’s small lots with negligible increases in density. 5.2.2 Bicycle Trip Generators Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities or high concentrations of certain sub-populations, such as transit commuters or zero-vehicle households. Appendix A-4 shows population density in Hermosa Beach. Areas of high population density are distributed uniformly throughout the city. Population density, measured as the number of persons per acre, is a strong indicator of potential bicycle activity, because more people living in an area implies more trips to and from that area. The high population densities of urbanized environments also tend to support bicycle travel through mixed land uses, interconnected street networks, and shorter trip lengths. Appendix A-5 displays employment density in Hermosa Beach. The City has the highest employment densities along Pier Avenue. Though not as high as Pier Avenue, Pacific Coast Highway also has high employment densities. While the City’s zoning code provides very limited opportunity to develop new mixed residential- commercial land uses, the close proximity of the employment corridors to housing facilitates short trips between a variety of land uses and the potential to generate bicycle activity. Appendix A-6, Appendix A-7, and Appendix A-8 display the number and percent of zero-vehicle households, median annual income, and percent transit commuters by census tract. Throughout Hermosa Beach, households have median annual incomes between $75,001 and $95,000 (in 1999 dollars). There are high percentages of households that own a vehicle in most of the City, though percentages of household vehicle ownership are lower in the northeastern portion on the border of Manhattan Beach and North Redondo Beach. The northeastern and southwestern parts of Hermosa Beach have higher percentages of transit commuters. These parts of the city have greater potential for increased bicycling activity because residents who do not have vehicles must use Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as certain sub-populations, such as transit commuters. Page 169 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 116 | Alta Planning + Design alternative modes and are likely to combine bicycle and transit trips. In addition to the reasons discussed above, Hermosa Beach has the potential for increased bicycle activity from bicyclists passing through on their way to destinations outside of the city. A bicycle network that is connected within Hermosa Beach, as well as linked to bicycle facilities in adjacent communities, further generates bicycle traffic as it provides a viable transportation option to driving a motorized vehicle. 5.2.3 Relevant Plans and Policies Table 5-1 outlines information regarding bicycles from the City of Hermosa Beach’s Circulation, Transportation, and Parking Element; Proposed Bicycle Master Plan; and Municipal Code. Page 170 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 117 Table 5-1: Hermosa Beach Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies Document Description General Plan Circulation, Transportation, and Parking Element (1990) The General Plan Circulation, Transportation, and Parking Element contains a map outlining the existing bicycle facilities, as well as key bicycle traffic generating locations, such as the Pier. This map was superseded by the Proposed Bicycle Master Plan (below). The element states that there are no streets in Hermosa Beach that could accommodate properly designed bicycle facilities. This is due to right-of-way constraints, heavy traffic volumes, and conflicts with curb parking. In order to install properly designed facilities, the City would need to widen streets and purchase right-of-ways. For this reason it does not propose any additional bicycle facilities. The Proposed Bicycle Master Plan, however, identifies proposed Class II bike lanes and shared roadways. To implement the overall goal of providing a safe, efficient, and balanced transportation system, the element outlines the following objectives and policies:  Maximize the use of alternative transportation modes  Encourage bicycle travel city-wide  Provide for the transport of bicycles on public transit vehicles wherever possible  Maintain the surfaces of bike paths to maximize safety and ease of travel  Require new developments to accommodate parking consistent with TDM programs Proposed Bicycle Master Plan (2009) The Hermosa Beach Bicycle Master Plan consists of a map (Appendix F-3) that displays existing and proposed bicycle facilities. Existing facilities include two bicycle routes in the City of Hermosa Beach. Those routes are along the Strand from the southerly City boundary to 24th Street connecting to the route on Hermosa Avenue from 24th Street to the north City boundary. The Strand is largely recreational as it is shared with pedestrians and roller-skaters. At various times due to high traffic volumes and the wide variety of users this is not a truly viable connector. The bike route connects to a bike path to the north in Manhattan Beach. The path is a designated bike route in Manhattan Beach which runs north along the beach into the cities of El Segundo, Los Angeles, and Santa Monica. To the south the Strand connects to a designated bike route in Redondo Beach along Harbor Drive. Proposed Class II bike lanes are on Artesia Boulevard from Ardmore Avenue to Prospect Avenue and Herondo Street from Hermosa Avenue to the southern City limits. Proposed shared roadways are on Hermosa Avenue, 22nd Street, Monterey Boulevard, Valley Drive, Ardmore Avenue, Pier Avenue, and Prospect Avenue. To date, sharrows on Hermosa Avenue have been implemented. Municipal Code The Municipal Code includes bicycle parking requirements that vary by the size of the development and type of land use as part of its transportation demand and trip reduction measures; however, virtually all projects developed are too small to be subject to these regulations. Minimum parking requirements are based on square footage of the development. Specific Plan Area No. 11 (along a portion of Pier Avenue) has a separate bicycle parking requirement in which minimum requirements can be based on either square footage or number of employees and shall be in the form of bike rack, fully enclosed spaces or lockers or other secure parking. The SPA-11 Zone also provides for an in- lieu fee when it is not practical to place bike racks on the property. The Municipal Code provides that vehicle parking for any development may be reduced with a Parking Plan approved by the planning commission based on various factors including bicycle and foot traffic. Bicycle parking is reviewed during the planning process by the planner. The code does not provide any other form of guidance. Detailed bicycle parking information is presented in Appendix G. The Municipal Code does not prohibit riding bicycles on the sidewalk, though there is not exact language stating this. Page 171 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 118 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 5-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Hermosa Beach Page 172 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 119 5.2.4 Existing Bicycle Network Figure 5-2 shows the existing bicycle network in Hermosa Beach. Appendix A-2 displays a map of the existing bicycle facilities in the South Bay Region. Bicycle facility types are discussed in Section 1.3. The City of Hermosa Beach has a bicycle network that consists of approximately 5 miles of bicycle facilities. This includes Class I, Class II, and Class III facilities. Its Class I bike path is a portion of the Los Angeles County-maintained bicycle path that runs along the Strand. Table 5-2 summarizes the classification and mileage of the existing network. Table 5-2: Hermosa Beach Bicycle Network Facility Type Mileage Class I (Bike Path) 1.8 Class II (Bike Lanes) 0.5 Class III (Bike Route) 2.8 Total Mileage 5.1 5.2.5 Existing End-of-Trip Parking Facilities The BTA requires that this plan inventory publicly-accessible short-term and long-term end-of-trip bicycle facilities for the members of the bicycling public to park their bicycles, as well as change and store clothes and equipment. Short-term facilities consist of bicycle racks. Long-term facilities include, but are not limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. Appendix A-9 presents the locations of existing end-of-trip bicycle facilities in the South Bay. Existing bicycle parking in Hermosa Beach is shown at right. Bicycle racks are located in commercial shopping centers, in the Downtown, and along the Strand. Hermosa Beach does have any existing changing or showering facilities. 5.2.6 Multi-Modal Connections Transit is often best for longer trips, while bicycling is better for shorter trips. Combining transit use and bicycling can offer a high level of mobility that is comparable to travel by automobile. Appendix A-10 shows the existing Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (Metro) transit routes that serve the City of Hermosa Beach. Metro operates several bus lines with routes through the City that connect Hermosa Beach to its neighboring (See Appendix A-9 for larger map) Existing End-of-trip Facilities in Hermosa Beach Page 173 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 120 | Alta Planning + Design communities and key activity centers. Buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. LADOT operates the Commuter Express bus service. Line 438 connects the cities of El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance to Downtown Los Angeles. Most Commuter Express buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The Commuter Express Line 438 route map is shown in Appendix A- 11. Beach Cities Transit (BCT) Line 109, operated by the City of Redondo Beach, and Torrance Transit Line 8, operated by the City of Torrance, also serve the City of Hermosa Beach. Appendix A-13 shows the BCT System Map and Appendix A-14 shows the Torrance Transit System Map. Buses are equipped with bike racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The BTA requires that this plan inventory existing bicycle transport and parking facilities for connecting to public transit services. These facilities include, but are not limited to, bicycle parking at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, and park and ride lots; and provisions for transporting bicycles on public transit vehicles. Hermosa Beach does not currently provide any intermodal end-of-trip bicycle facilities within its jurisdiction. 5.2.7 Education and Enforcement Strategies Bicycle education programs and enforcement of bicycle-related policies help to make riding safer for all bicyclists. To promote safe bicycling, the Hermosa Beach Public Works Commission and Police Department put together a “Share the Road” Pamphlet that has been distributed to all the bicycle shops and at bicycle events. This pamphlet could be made available to all participating South Bay cities. Hermosa Beach has also held three bicycle safety events at Valley Park in May 2009, 2010, and 2011. The Hermosa Beach Police Department began conducting increased bicycle enforcement in May 2010. To date, this has resulted in thirty citations issued to bicyclists for stop sign and signal violations. 5.2.8 Past Bicycle-Related Expenditures Between 2000 and 2010 the City of Hermosa Beach incurred the following bicycle-related expenditure:  $803,000 for shared lane markings and improvements on the Strand Increased enforcment in Hermosa Beach has led to more citations to bicyclists for stop sign and signal violations. Page 174 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 121 5.3 Needs Analysis This section describes the needs of bicyclists in Hermosa Beach. It first summarizes feedback collected from the online survey and public workshops. This section also provides estimates and forecasts of bicycle commuting to determine the estimated bicycling demand in the city. It finally analyzes bicycle collision data between 2007 and 2009 to identify areas that would benefit from bicycle facility improvements. 5.3.1 Public Outreach As mentioned in Chapter 1, the public had the opportunity to provide input in the planning process through an online survey and the first round of public workshops. This section summarizes locations in Hermosa Beach that the community identified as desirable for bikeways. The locations that the community mentioned the most frequently as in need of bikeways are Valley Drive /Ardmore Avenue and Pier Avenue. The community also noted that it would like to see bicycle facilities on major north-south and east-west routes, including Aviation Boulevard and Hermosa Avenue. 5.3.2 Bicycle Commuter Estimates and Forecasts United States Census “Commuting to Work” data provides an indication of current bicycle system usage. Appendix A-15 shows the percent bicycle commuters in Hermosa Beach by census tract. There are no bicycle commuters throughout most of Hermosa Beach. The highest percentages of bicycle commuters are located in the southwest portion, which corresponds with higher percentages of transit commuters. Table 5-3 presents commute to work data estimates reported by the 2000 US Census for Hermosa Beach. For comparative purposes, the table includes commute to work data for the United States, California, and County of Los Angeles. According to the estimates, 0.22 percent of residents in Hermosa Beach commute primarily by bicycle. This is lower than the percentage of bicycle commuters in Los Angeles County, California, and the U.S. as a whole. Hermosa Beach also has low rates of carpooling and transit riding, which suggests that the city’s high median incomes and high car ownership rates are a primary influence on mode split. It is important to note that this figure likely underestimates the true amount of bicycling that occurs in Hermosa Beach for several reasons. First, data reflects respondents’ dominant commute mode The community noted that it would like to see bicycle facilities on major north-south and east-west routes, including Aviation Boulevard and Hermosa Avenue. Page 175 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 122 | Alta Planning + Design and therefore does not capture trips to school, for errands, or other bike trips that would supplant vehicular trips. Also, US Census data collection methods only enable a respondent to select one mode of travel, thus excluding bicycle trips if they constitute part of a longer multimodal trip. The percentage of commuters in Hermosa Beach that commute by transit is much lower than that of those that drive alone. Hermosa Beach also has a low percentage of carpooling. In addition to bicycle commuters in Hermosa Beach, bicyclists from neighboring communities use the city’s bicycle network to reach their destinations and are not reflected in this data. This Plan addresses the need for regional connectivity to accommodate bicyclists passing through Hermosa Beach’s bicycle network in Section 5.4. Table 5-3: Means of Transportation to Work Mode United States California Los Angeles County Hermosa Beach Bicycle 0.38% 0.83% 0.62% 0.22% Drove Alone – car, truck, or van 75.70% 71.82% 70.36% 82.61% Carpool – car, truck, or van 12.19% 14.55% 15.08% 6.61% Transit 4.73% 5.07% 6.58% 0.95% Walked 2.93% 2.85% 2.93% 2.42% Other Means 0.70% 0.79% 0.76% 0.71% Worked at Home 3.26% 3.83% 3.49% 5.98% Source: US Census 2000 Table 5-4 presents an estimate of current bicycling within Hermosa Beach using US Census data along with several adjustments for likely bicycle commuter underestimations, as discussed above. Table 5-5 presents the associated air quality benefits from bicycling. Page 176 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 123 Table 5-4: Existing Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Existing study area population 18,442 2000 US Census, P1 Existing employed population 12,784 2000 US Census, P30 Existing bike-to-work mode share 0.22% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of bike-to-work commuters 28 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Existing work-at-home mode share 5.98% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of work-at-home bike commuters 76 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Existing transit-to-work mode share 0.950% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing transit bicycle commuters 30 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Existing school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 992 2000 US Census, P8 Existing school children bicycling mode share 2.0% National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Existing school children bike commuters 20 School children population multiplied by school children bike mode share Existing number of college students in study area 1,495 2000 US Census, PCT24 Existing estimated college bicycling mode share 5.0% Review of bicycle commute share in seven university communities (source: National Bicycling & Walking Study, FHWA, Case Study No. 1, 1995), review of bicycle commute share at the University of California, Los Angeles Existing college bike commuters 75 College student population multiplied by college student bicycling mode share Existing total number of bike commuters 230 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian bike trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 459 Total bicycle commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 177 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 124 | Alta Planning + Design Table 5-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Current Estimated VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 141 Assumes 73% of bicycle trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 36,911 Reduced weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 1,058 Assumes average round trip travel length of 5 miles for adults/college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 276,076 Reduced weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Current Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 3 Daily mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 2 Daily mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 29 Daily mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 860 Daily mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 828 Yearly mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 3 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 3 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 578 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 7,547 Yearly mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/yr) 224,589 Yearly mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. Table 5-6 presents projected year 2030 bicycling activity within Hermosa Beach using California Department of Finance population and school enrollment projections. The projection contains the assumption that bicycle mode share will double by 2030, due in part to bicycle network implementation. Actual bicycle mode share in 2030 will depend on many factors, including the extent of network implementation. Table 5-7 presents the associated year Page 178 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 125 2030 air quality benefit forecasts. The calculations follow in a straightforward manner from the Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand. Table 5-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Future study area population 22,950 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050. Future employed population 15,909 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050, Future bike-to-work mode share 0.4% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of bike-to-work commuters 70 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Future work-at-home mode share 10.8% Calculated based on change in mode share from 1990 US Census, P49, to 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of work-at-home bike commuters 172 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Future transit-to-work mode share 1.9% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future transit bicycle commuters 76 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Future school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 788 Calculated from CA Dept. of Finance, California Public K–12 Graded Enrollment and High School Graduate Projections by County, 2010 Series. Future school children bicycling mode share 4.0% Double the rate of national school commute trends. National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Future school children bike commuters 32 School children population multiplied by school children bicycling mode share Future number of college students in study area 1,860 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000- 2050, Sacramento, California, July 2007. Future estimated college bicycling mode share 7.0% A slight increase over the existing college bicycle mode share assumption, commensurate with projected increases in bicycling for other populations Future college bike commuters 130 College student population x college student bicycling mode share Future total number of bike commuters 480 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian biking trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 959 Total bike commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 179 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 126 | Alta Planning + Design Table 5-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Forecasted VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 289 Assumes 73% of biking trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 75,357 Reduced number of weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 2,193 Assumes average round trip travel length of 8 miles for adults / college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 572,327 Reduced number of weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Forecasted Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 7 Daily mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 5 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 60 Daily mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 1,784 Daily mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 1,716 Yearly mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 7 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 6 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 1,199 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 15,646 Yearly mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced CO2 (lbs/yr) 465,591 Yearly mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. This model uses the latest state projections for population growth and reasonable assumptions about future bicycle ridership. The benefits model predicts that the total number of bicycle commute trips could increase from the current daily estimate of 460 to 960, resulting in a substantial reduction of both Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and associated emissions. This includes a yearly emissions reduction by 2030 of approximately 1,200 pounds of smog forming N0X and roughly 500 thousand pounds of C02, the Page 180 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 127 principal gas associated with global climate change. Providing bicycle facilities will encourage new bicyclists to begin to ride, thus positively impacting air quality by reducing harmful pollutants from driving motorized vehicles. Because this plan recommends local connections throughout and regional links between the participating cities, it has the potential to have even greater air quality benefits. Bicyclists may not need to rely as heavily on vehicles for transportation because bicycling will be a viable transportation alternative upon implementation of this Plan. 5.3.3 Bicycle Counts To assess bicycling levels at different sites throughout Hermosa Beach, volunteers conducted bicycle counts, in which they manually recorded the number of bicyclists that rode by. 5.3.3.1 Methodology The methodology for the bicycle counts derives from the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project (NBPD), a collaborative effort of Alta Planning + Design and the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The NBPD methodology aims to capture both utilitarian bicycling and recreational bicycling. The NBPD also provides guidance on how to select count locations. Volunteers conducted bicycle counts in each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay on Thursday, November 4, 2010 from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and Saturday, November 6, 2010 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. These dates are meant to capture volumes of bicyclists on a typical weekday and weekend day. Fall is an appropriate time to conduct bicycle counts in California because school is back in session and vacations are typically over. In Hermosa Beach, volunteers were stationed at six stations on Thursday and seven stations on Saturday. There were 36 total locations in the South Bay region on each day. The count locations were selected in partnership by city staff, Alta Planning + Design, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition staff, and South Bay Bicycle Coalition board members. This snapshot of locations is meant to capture a diverse bicycling population using the roads and streets that span the spectrum of bike-friendliness. 5.3.3.2 Results The count results for the South Bay are displayed in Appendix A- 16 and Appendix A-17. Count results for Hermosa Beach are shown at right. Detailed count data, including a list of count locations, is Weekday Bicycle Count Results in Hermosa Beach (See Appendix A-16 for larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekend Bicycle Count Results in Hermosa Beach (See Appendix A-17 for larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Page 181 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 128 | Alta Planning + Design presented in Appendix H. On Thursday, the Hermosa Beach station that experienced the highest volume was Hermosa Avenue and 8th Street with 152 bicyclists during the three hour count period. The station with the most bicyclists on Saturday was Hermosa Avenue and 24th Street with 922 bicyclists during the three hour count period. On both days, the locations with the highest numbers of bicyclists in the South Bay region as a whole were those along the Strand on the County-maintained Marvin Braude Bikeway. Apart from the Strand stations, the inland count locations in Lawndale and Gardena experienced the most riders during the week. On the weekend, there were overall fewer riders in the inland count stations and more riders along the coast. This suggests that more bicyclists ride a bicycle for commuting during the week and for recreation on the weekend. In the region as a whole, approximately 83 percent of bicyclists were male. About 70 percent of those observed did not wear helmets and 41 percent rode on the sidewalks. On Thursday, there were 18 locations at which over half of the observed bicyclists rode on the sidewalk and on Saturday there were nine. Riding on the sidewalk can be an indicator of a lack of bicycle facilities, as bicyclists that are uncomfortable riding with traffic may choose to ride on the sidewalk instead. 5.3.4 Bicycle Collision Analysis Safety is a major concern for both existing and potential bicyclists. Concern about safety is the most common reason given for not riding a bicycle (or riding more often), according to national surveys. Identifying bicycle collision sites can draw attention to areas that warrant improvement, particularly if multiple collisions occur at the same location. This analysis employs the most reliable data source available, the California Highway Patrol’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System. The data set only includes reported collisions, and so represents a subset of all the bicycle collisions in Hermosa Beach. This data does not include any assessment of conditions present at the time of the collision. There are numerous factors that may contribute to a given incident including but not limited to time of day, visibility, distractions, obstacles or traffic law obedience. This data simply reflects reported incidents, resulting injuries and the party at fault. This data does not infer faulty infrastructure, but rather provides a baseline of collisions that often decreases in correlation with bike (See Appendix A-18 for larger map) Bicycle Collisions in Hermosa Beach 2007-2009 Page 182 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 129 plan implementation and the improvements to facilities and road user behavior and awareness that accompanies it. Fault as determined by law enforcement is discussed below. Table 5-8 presents the number of reported collisions involving bicyclists, number of bicyclists involved, and severity of the bicycle collisions for three consecutive years: 2007, 2008, and 2009. Appendix A-18 shows locations of bicycle collisions in the South Bay region in the same time period. Bicycle collisions in Hermosa Beach are shown at right. There were 21 total reported collisions involving bicyclists from 2007-2009 in the City of Hermosa Beach. Most of the crashes occurred on Hermosa Avenue: three occurred in the northern portion of the city, and six occurred on Hermosa Avenue between 16th Street and 10th Street in the area surrounding the pier. These locations have high employment densities and recreational attractions, which correlate with bicycling activity. There were also two crashes at the intersection of Pacific Coast Highway and Artesia Blvd in the northeast portion of the city along the border with Manhattan Beach. These streets carry large volumes of vehicular traffic traveling at high speeds and intersect at a non-right angle, which creates situations that can produce conflicts between bicycles and automobiles. Table 5-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 Total Crashes Involving Bicyclists Number of Bicyclists Involved Persons Injured Persons Severely Injured Persons Killed 19 21 18 3 0 Source: California Highway Patrol, Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) As reported by police officers in traffic reports, bicyclists were at fault in 74 percent of collisions involving bicyclists (14 crashes). Providing bicycle facilities encourages more people to ride. When motorists begin to look for and expect to see bicyclists, collisions between vehicles and bicyclists are reduced. The City of New York, for example, reported that as ridership increased between 1998 and 2008, the number of annual casualties from bicycle collisions decreased (see Appendix B). Appendix A-1 displays estimated weekday traffic volumes in the participating cities. There is no data available for Hermosa Beach. Page 183 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 130 | Alta Planning + Design 5.4 Proposed Bicycle Network This section presents the proposed bicycle network for the City of Hermosa Beach, which includes bicycle parking facilities. Upon implementation of the proposed network, the City should coordinate and collaborate with adjacent participating South Bay cities to emphasize a regional bicycle network. Bicycle facilities discussed in this Plan are described in Section 1.3 and presented in Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4. Appendix C outlines the recommended standards for each facility classification as compared to minimum standards. In addition to creating a comprehensive network of bikeways in Hermosa Beach, the recommended system ties into the proposed bicycle facilities for the other South Bay participating cities to create a connected regional network. This will give bicyclists from adjacent communities the opportunity to pass through Hermosa Beach to reach their destinations without losing bicycle facilities at city boundaries. Bikeway recommendations are also based on the existing City bicycle plans, public input, topography, traffic volumes, and traffic speeds. 5.4.1 Proposed Bikeway Facilities The proposed bicycle network in the City of Hermosa Beach consists of Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets, and is shown in Figure 5-3. The proposed bicycle network in Hermosa Beach connects with the recommended networks in Manhattan Beach and Redondo Beach. Figure 5-3 includes a blue asterisk at the steps between Hermosa Beach and Manhattan Beach indicating that this is outside the jurisdiction of this Plan, but the connection between the two cities is a supported improvement. The proposed bicycle network for the South Bay region as a whole is presented in Appendix A-19. Three tables identify the streets on which facilities are proposed, the extents of each proposed facility, and the length in miles of each proposed facility in Hermosa Beach. Table 5-9 lists the proposed bicycle lanes, Table 5-10 lists the proposed bicycle routes, and Table 5-11 lists the proposed bicycle-friendly streets. The proposed bicycle network in the City of Hermosa Beach consists of Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets. Page 184 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 131 Table 5-9: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Hermosa Beach Facility Type Street From To Miles BL Herondo Street Hermosa Avenue Valley Drive 0.3 BL Aviation Boulevard Pacific Coast Highway Harper Avenue 0.4 BL Artesia Boulevard Pacific Coast Highway Harper Avenue 0.2 Total Bicycle Lane Mileage 0.9 Table 5-10: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Hermosa Beach Street From To Miles Pier Avenue Hermosa Avenue Ardmore Avenue 0.4 27th Street - Gould Avenue Hermosa Avenue Pacific Coast Highway 0.6 Longfellow Avenue Hermosa Avenue Valley Drive 0.3 Valley Drive Longfellow Avenue Herondo Street 1.8 Ardmore Avenue North City Limits Pier Avenue 1.0 Highland Avenue 35th Street Longfellow Avenue 0.2 10th Street Ardmore Avenue Pacific Coast Highway 0.1 Hermosa Avenue 35th Street 24th St 0.5 Total Bicycle Route Mileage 4.7 Table 5-11: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Hermosa Beach Street From To Miles 8th Street Hermosa Avenue Prospect Avenue 0.7 1st Street Manhattan Avenue The Strand 0.1 22nd Street - Monterey Boulevard The Strand Herondo Street 1.4 35th Street - Palm Drive Hermosa Avenue 1st Street 0.1 21st Street Ardmore Avenue Prospect Avenue 0.3 Prospect Avenue Artesia Boulevard South City Limits 1.3 Total Bicycle-Friendly Street Mileage 3.8 Page 185 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 132 | Alta Planning + Design There are several opportunities and constraints to recommending new bicycle facilities in Hermosa Beach. These are shown at left and are referenced by the numbers in Appendix I. Appendix I also presents opportunities and constraints in the South Bay region as a whole. One opportunity is for a proposed Bike Friendly Street on Prospect Avenue in Hermosa Beach as this is also being proposed by Vitality City. See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. Another opportunity is for a proposed Class II on Aviation Boulevard. Hermosa Beach’s section of Aviation Boulevard is particularly rich with retail and commercial uses. Bike facilities could greatly improve the area’s visibility and access. See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. Finally, there is the opportunity for a proposed Class III bikeway on Valley Drive/Ardmore Avenue. While this plan recommends a Class III route, the Vitality City Livability Plan recommends additional options. See the Vitality City Livability Plan for further detail and opportunities. Constraints to implementing the proposed bicycle facilities first include “The Wall” on the Strand at the border of Hermosa Beach and Redondo Beach. This wall severs the Marvin Braude Bikeway at the Hermosa Beach-Redondo Beach border. South-bound bicyclists are forced to make a sharp 90-degree turn and are led out to the bike lanes on Harbor Drive. This plan recommends the removal of the wall and that parking lot 13 in Redondo Beach be partially utilized to accommodate a short extension of the Class I facility that will lead to Harbor Drive in a safer and more navigable way. Another constraint is the stairs on the Strand between Hermosa Beach and Manhattan Beach. This constraint is also noted as being (See Appendix I for larger map) Opportunities and Constraints in Hermosa Beach Page 186 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 133 Figure 5-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Hermosa Beach Page 187 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 134 | Alta Planning + Design outside this plan’s jurisdiction because those stairs (along with the rest of the Strand with the exception of Hermosa Beach) are operated by the State and maintained by the County of Los Angeles. However, this plan urges the cities to remedy the disruption caused by the stairs. This remedy could come in several forms ranging from a bike-friendly ramp that connects the two sections of the Strand to signage that warns cyclists of the disruption and safely guides them to facilities along Hermosa Avenue. 5.4.2 Proposed End-of-Trip Bicycle Facilities Support facilities and connections to other modes of transportation are essential components of a bicycle system because they enhance safety and convenience for bicyclists at the end of every trip. With nearly all utilitarian and many recreational bike trips, bicyclists need secure and well-located bicycle parking. A comprehensive bicycle parking strategy is one of the most important things that a jurisdiction can apply to immediately enhance the bicycling environment. Moreover, a bicycle parking strategy with connections to public transit will further the geographical range of residents traveling without using an automobile. The Hermosa Beach Municipal Code currently provides bicycle parking requirements in its Specific Plan Area No. 11 Zone and at large non-residential developments (although the threshold far exceeds the scale of various developments in the City and therefore these transportation management and demand regulations have no effect). The City should amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on the quantity of bicycle parking to be provided at new and retrofitted multi-family residential, commercial, office, and mixed-use developments of all sizes, as well as bicycle parking design types. Quantity of bicycle parking should be based on square footage of developments or by number of residents to adequately address the bicycle demand at each development. The City should also amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of both short- and long-term bicycle parking facility designs, which are shown in Appendix J. Bicycle rack designs should include racks that provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. This will provide a high degree of security and support for the bicycle. Long-term bicycle parking should be in the form of:  Covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles The City should amend its Municipal Code to includebicycle parking design types. Page 188 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 135  Lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks or  Lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers When people commute by bicycle they often sweat or become dirty from weather or road conditions. Providing changing and storing facilities encourages commuters to travel by bicycle because they have a place to clean up before work or school. Hermosa Beach’s Municipal Code should require all new mid-to-large employers, offices, and businesses to supply changing and storing facilities, such as by providing showers and clothes lockers within the buildings or arranging agreements with nearby recreation centers to allow commuters to use their facilities. Proposed end-of-trip bicycle facilities in Hermosa Beach are shown in Figure 5-4. The City should continue to provide short-term bicycle parking in the form of bicycle racks at all major trip attractors, including commercial and civic activity centers and transit hubs, and ensure that an adequate supply is available. The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at the following locations:  Parks  Schools  Commercial/office areas  Civic/government buildings  Public transit stations High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts should provide more secure, long-term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. Any future transit hubs and intermodal facilities should include secure bicycle parking areas as part of their design. Secure bicycle parking areas that provide services, such as bicycle rentals and repair, should be considered at major transit stations and commuter destinations. The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at locations, such as parks and commercial areas. Page 189 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 136 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 5-4: Hermosa Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities Page 190 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 137 5.5 Project Costs This section presents the cost to implement the proposed bicycle network in Hermosa Beach. 5.5.1 Cost Estimates Table 5-12 displays the planning-level capital cost assumptions for each facility type proposed in this plan, and Table 5-13 displays the cost to implement the proposed network in the City of Hermosa Beach from the cost assumptions.18 Cost assumptions are based on LA County averages and may vary depending on environmental conditions of a given facility, unforeseen construction cost variations, and similar considerations. Cost assumptions exclude specific treatments that may vary by location and must be determined by field review, such as traffic calming measures, restriping of existing travel lanes, and sign removal. Cost assumptions do not include traffic signal improvements, such as changes to phasing, recalibration of loop detectors, or installation of push buttons. For detailed cost estimations, refer to the project sheets presented in Section 5.7. Table 5-12: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types Facility Type Description Estimated Cost19 Class I Bicycle Path Paving, striping and signage $800,000 / mile Class II Bicycle Lanes (two sides) Striping, signage, and travel lane restriping $40,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) Signage $15,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) with sharrows Pavement markings and signage $25,000 / mile Bicycle Friendly Street Pavement markings, signage, and limited traffic calming $30,000 / mile 18 Table 5-14 assumes the cost of implementing Class III Bicycle Routes with Sharrows based on the policies presented in Chapter 2 19 Cost estimates include physical removals and installations (e.g. of signs and striping), contract contingency costs, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering. The source for the unit costs is the LA County Bicycle Master Plan, which are based upon a peer review of Southern California bikeway construction unit costs. Page 191 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 138 | Alta Planning + Design Table 5-13: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network Facility Type Unit Cost per mile Length of Proposed Network (miles) Cost Bicycle Path $800,000 0.0 $ - Bicycle Lane $40,000 0.9 $ 36,000 Bicycle Route with sharrows $25,000 4.8 $119,000 Bicycle-Friendly Street $30,000 3.8 $114,000 Total 9.5 $ 269,000 5.6 Project Prioritization A prioritized list of bicycle projects will help guide the City of Hermosa Beach in implementing the proposed bicycle facilities presented in this Plan. Each proposed facility discussed in Section 5.4.1 is grouped into projects based on feasibility of implementation. Table 5-14 presents the prioritized projects based on the prioritization methodology displayed in Appendix K. Each criterion contains information about a facility and its ability to address an existing or future need in Hermosa Beach. The projects ranked the highest should be implemented first. Page 192 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 139 Table 5-14: Hermosa Beach Prioritized Projects Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BR Pier Avenue Hermosa Avenue Ardmore Avenue 3 6 0 4 0 1 2 0 2 2 20BFS 8th Street Hermosa Avenue Prospect Avenue 3 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 2 2 19BR 27th Street - Gould Avenue Hermosa Avenue Pacific Coast Highway 3 6 0 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 18BFS 1st Street Manhattan Avenue The Strand 3 6 0 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 18BFS 22nd Street - Monterey Boulevard The Strand Herondo Street 3 6 0 4 0 1 1 0 1 2 18BR Longfellow Avenue Hermosa Avenue Valley Drive 3 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 2 17BL Herondo Street Hermosa Avenue Valley Drive 3 6 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 2 16BFS 35th Street - Palm Drive Hermosa Avenue 1st Street 3 6 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 15BR Valley Drive Longfellow Avenue Herondo Street 0 3 0 4 0 1 2 1 1 2 14BR Ardmore Avenue North City Limits Pier Avenue 0 3 0 4 0 0 2 1 2 2 14BR Highland Avenue 35th Street Longfellow Avenue 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 10BFS 21st Street Ardmore Avenue Prospect Avenue 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 1 2 2 10BL Artesia Boulevard Pacific Coast Highway Harper Avenue 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 1 2 0 9Page 193 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 140 | Alta Planning + Design Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BR - BL 10th Street - Aviation Boulevard Ardmore Avenue Harper Avenue 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 1 7BFS Prospect Avenue Artesia Boulevard South City Limits 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 6*BP=Bike Path, BL=Bike Lane, BR=Bike Route, BFS=Bike Friendly Street Page 194 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 141 5.7 Project Sheets The City of Hermosa Beach selected two of its top priority projects from the previous table for more detailed concept designs. Project sheets are shown on the following pages and include:  A review of the existing site conditions  Site challenges  Recommended improvements  Estimated cost  Photos  Aerial images  Concept graphics Page 195 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 142 | Alta Planning + Design Hermosa Beach Project #1: Prospect Avenue (Artesia Boulevard to Anita Street) Project Site Photos Prospect Avenue is a north-south primarily residential road located in the eastern portion of the City of Hermosa Beach. It connects to the City of Manhattan Beach to the north and the City of Redondo Beach to the south. Prospect Avenue provides access to Hermosa View Elementary School, Rodaway Park, and scattered commercial services. There is on-street parking along most of Prospect Avenue and a posted speed limit of 25 mph. From Artesia Boulevard to 21st Street, Prospect Avenue has two travel lanes in each direction. South of 21st Street, the road drops to one travel lane in each direction. There are many striped crosswalks throughout the segment at intersections and midblock. There is no existing on-street parking south of Aviation Boulevard on the west side of the street. Bulbouts and high visibility crosswalks at intersection will visually narrow the road and reduce vehicle speeds. Sharrows on Prospect Avenue will alert motorists to the presence of bicyclists and help bicyclists with proper lane positioning. Intersection crossing markings will help guide bicyclists through the intersections and increase their visibility. Project Challenges Prospect Avenue has no existing bicycle facilities, thus bicyclists must share the road with vehicular traffic. Bicyclists must cross arterials that carry high volumes of vehicles traveling at high speeds. There are few existing treatments to create a safe bicycling environment for children riding to school. Proposed Improvements  Install signage and stripe pavement markings, such as sharrows or bike friendly street stencils  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Stripe intersection crossing markings to guide bicyclists through the intersections and increase their visibility  Construct bulbouts with high visibility crosswalks  Install roundabout at Artesia Boulevard to reduce vehicle speeds Estimated Cost $3,000,000 Page 196 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 143 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Prospect Avenue Prospect Avenue (Artesia Boulevard to Anita Street) Example Intersection Crossing Markings Designs (Source: NACTO.org) Page 197 of 535 Chapter Five | Hermosa Beach 144 | Alta Planning + Design Hermosa Beach Project #2: Longfellow Avenue (Hermosa Avenue to Valley Drive) Project Site Photos Longfellow Avenue is an east-west residential street located in the northern portion of the City of Hermosa Beach. It connects to the Hermosa Valley Greenbelt to the east and an existing cycle track that leads to the beach on Hermosa Avenue to the west. Longfellow Avenue provides secondary access to restaurants and commercial services on Hermosa Avenue and Manhattan Avenue. There is metered parallel parking along most of Longfellow Avenue and a posted speed limit of 25 mph. Longfellow Avenue has one travel lane in each direction with a striped center line. There are stop controlled intersections at most intersections. Sharrows on Longfellow Avenue will help bicyclists with lane positioning so they ride outside of the door zone of parked cars. Project Challenges Longfellow Avenue is a popular route to the beach for both bicyclists and vehicles. Because it is highly utilized by both bicyclists and motorists, there is the potential for conflicts between the two modes. Proposed Improvements  Stripe sharrows and install “Share the Road” signage  Install wayfinding signage at intersections with existing bicycle facilities (and future facilities once implemented) Estimated Cost $10,000 Hermosa Avenue is highly utilized by both bicyclists and vehicles; therefore, there is the potential for conflicts between the two modes. Wayfinding signage at intersections with other bicycle facilities, such as the Hermosa Ave cycle track shown above, will help bicyclists to navigate through the network. Page 198 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 145 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Longfellow Avenue Longfellow Avenue (Hermosa Avenue to Valley Drive) Example Signage and Sharrows Page 199 of 535 146 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 200 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 147 Chapter 6 Lawndale Page 201 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 148 | Alta Planning + Design Page 202 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition And South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 149 6 Lawndale This chapter presents Lawndale’s portion of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. It begins with a discussion of how Lawndale complies with Bicycle Transportation Account requirements. The chapter is then organized into the following sections:  Existing conditions  City-specific goals, policies, and implementation actions  Needs analysis  Proposed bicycle network  Project prioritization  Project costs 6.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance The Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) is an annual statewide discretionary program that funds bicycle projects through the Caltrans Bicycle Facility Unit. Available as grants to local jurisdictions, the program emphasizes projects that benefit bicycling for commuting purposes. In order for Lawndale to qualify for BTA funds, the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan must contain specific elements. Appendix E displays the requisite BTA components and their location within this plan in tabular form. The table includes “Approved” and “Notes/Comments” columns for the convenience of the Metro official responsible for reviewing compliance. 6.2 Existing Conditions Lawndale is located in the northern portion of the South Bay region. It is bordered by the City of Hawthorne to the north, the County of Los Angeles to the east, the City of Redondo Beach to the west, and the City of Torrance to the south. According to the 2000 Census, Lawndale has a population of 31,729. The city was incorporated in 1959. 6.2.1 Land Use Appendix A-3 displays a map of the existing land uses in the South Bay Region. Land uses in Lawndale are shown at right. Almost 60 percent of the City’s land area consists of single family residential and another 12 percent is multi-family residential. Lawndale also consists of approximately 12 percent educational uses, a land use that is associated with producing jobs. Having adequate bicycle (See Appendix A-3 for larger map) Existing Land Uses in Lawndale Page 203 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 150 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 6-1: City of Lawndale General Plan Land Use Map Page 204 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition And South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 151 facilities could influence commuters to bicycle rather than drive and encourage parents to let their children ride to school. Figure 6-1 displays allowed land uses in Lawndale. Most of the city’s residential areas are zoned "Multi-family low" a land use designation that allows the development of low density multifamily housing; though, the residential area along 152nd street are zoned "Multi-Family Medium Density" a land use designation that allow medium density residential developments. 6.2.2 Bicycle Trip Generators Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities or high concentrations of certain sub-populations, such as transit commuters or zero-vehicle households. Appendix A-4 shows population density in Lawndale. The City has high population density due in part to its large proportion of multi-family housing. This type of housing has the potential to produce more bicycle trips as it has more persons per acre and is generally located nearer to community services, such as restaurants or grocery stores. Population density, measured as the number of persons per acre, is a strong indicator of potential bicycle activity, because more people living in an area implies more trips to and from that area. The high population densities of urbanized environments also tend to support bicycle travel through mixed land uses, interconnected street networks, and shorter trip lengths. Appendix A-5 displays employment density in Lawndale. The highest employment density in Lawndale is along Hawthorne Boulevard. The land uses on this corridor are primarily commercial and services, though there are also some general office and industrial uses. These sites have the potential to generate bicycle activity, as they are located in environments with a variety of land uses where trips between uses can be shorter. Appendix A-6, Appendix A-7 and Appendix A-8 display the percent of zero-vehicle households, median annual income, and percent transit commuters by census tract in the City of Lawndale. Household median annual incomes throughout the city are below $35,000 (in 1999 dollars). Lawndale has high percentages of households without vehicles and high percentages of transit commuters, especially in the northwestern portion. This part of the city has greater potential for increased bicycling activity because Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as certain sub-populations, like transit commuters or zero-vehicle households. Page 205 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 152 | Alta Planning + Design residents who do not have vehicles must use alternative modes and are likely to combine bicycle and transit trips. In addition to the reasons discussed above, Lawndale has the potential for increased bicycle activity from bicyclists passing through on their way to destinations outside of the city. A bicycle network that is connected within Lawndale, as well as linked to bicycle facilities in adjacent communities, further generates bicycle traffic as it provides a viable transportation option to driving a motorized vehicle. 6.2.3 Relevant Plans and Policies Table 6-1 outlines information regarding bicycles from the City of Lawndale’s Circulation Element and Municipal Code. Table 6-1: Lawndale Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies Document Description General Plan Circulation Element (1992) The City of Lawndale’s Circulation Element has an overall goal to consider all modes of transportation. Other goals and policies include:  Implement a safe, efficient, and accessible transportation system  Provide bikeways throughout the City to encourage bicycle usage  Consider the use of bicycle lanes where feasible during the design and improvement of the street system  Update and maintain a bikeway plan with recommended routes that connect residential areas to public facilities and employment centers  Provide an integrated system of bicycle and pedestrian networks with associated facilities  Plan Class II bikeways into all major highways and collector streets  Development shall provide short-term bicycle parking and long term bicycle storage facilities  Development shall provide bicycle access to high activity land uses  Continue seeking funds at the private, local, and federal levels for bicycle circulation system expansion  Develop and distribute a bicycle map to employers and existing/future residents  Conduct a citywide bikeway study and develop a bikeway master plan (not completed as of December 2010) Municipal Code Bicycle parking requirements in the City’s Municipal Code vary by the size and land use of the development as part of the City’s transportation demand and trip reduction measures. Parking shall be in the form of bicycle racks, fully enclosed spaces or lockers, or other secure parking. The City also has requirements for the bicycle parking at video arcades and requires developments of certain sizes to provide information, such as bicycle maps. For developments that are required to have bicycle parking, the bicycle storage areas and total number of bikes that can be stored must be indicated on architectural plans. Once the project is near completion, staff inspects the site and makes sure that requirements are met. Detailed bicycle parking information is presented in Appendix G. Lawndale’s Municipal Code does not prohibit riding bicycles on the sidewalk, though there is not exact language stating this. Page 206 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition And South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 153 6.2.4 Existing Bicycle Network Figure 6-2 shows the existing bicycle facilities in Lawndale. The City of Lawndale has no existing Class I, Class II, or Class III facilities. Appendix A-2 displays a map of the existing bicycle facilities in the South Bay Region. Bicycle facility types are discussed in Section 1.3. 6.2.5 Existing End-of-trip Parking Facilities The BTA requires that this plan inventory publicly-accessible short-term and long-term end-of-trip bicycle facilities for the members of the bicycling public to park their bicycles, as well as change and store clothes and equipment. Short-term facilities consist of bicycle racks. Long-term facilities include, but are not limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. Existing end-of-trip bicycle facilities in the South Bay are displayed in Appendix A-9. The locations of existing bicycle racks in Lawndale are shown at right. These locations include parks, schools, and shopping centers. The City does not provide any long-term bicycle parking within its jurisdiction. 6.2.6 Multi-Modal Connections Transit is often best for longer trips, while bicycling is better for shorter trips. Combining transit use and bicycling can offer a high level of mobility that is comparable to travel by automobile. Appendix A-10 shows the existing Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (Metro) transit routes that serve the City of Lawndale. Metro operates several bus lines with routes through the City, which makes it relatively well-served by transit. Buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Lawndale also operates the Lawndale Beat transit service, which operates two routes through Lawndale. Appendix A-20 displays the Lawndale Beat bus routes. Both routes connect to the Metro Green Line station to the west on Marine Avenue in Redondo Beach. The BTA requires that this plan inventory existing bicycle transport and parking facilities for connecting to public transit services. These facilities include, but are not limited to, bicycle parking at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, and park and ride lots; and provisions for transporting bicycles on public transit vehicles. Lawndale does not currently provide any end-of-trip Existing End-of-trip Facilities in Lawndale See Appendix A-9 for larger map Page 207 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 154 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 6-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Lawndale Page 208 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition And South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 155 facilities at the Lawndale Beat bus stops within the City or any other intermodal end-of-trip facilities within its jurisdiction. 6.2.7 Education and Enforcement Strategies Bicycle education programs and enforcement of bicycle-related policies help to make riding safer for all bicyclists. Lawndale does not currently provide any education or enforcement strategies to promote bicycle safety in the City. 6.2.8 Past Bicycle-Related Expenditures Between 2000 and 2010, the City of Lawndale incurred the following bicycle expenditures:  2007: $423.11 for bicycle racks  2010: $11,000 for artistic bicycle racks in Jane Adams Park 6.3 Needs Analysis This section describes the needs of bicyclists in Lawndale. It first summarizes feedback collected from the online survey and public workshops. The section also provides estimates and forecasts of bicycle commuting to determine the estimated bicycling demand in the city. It finally analyzes bicycle collision data between 2007 and 2009 to identify areas that would benefit from bicycle facility improvements. 6.3.1 Public Outreach As mentioned in Chapter 1, the public had the opportunity to provide input in the planning process through an online survey and the first round of public workshops. This section summarizes locations in Lawndale that the community identified as desirable for bikeways. The public overall identified major arterials, including Manhattan Beach Boulevard, Hawthorne Boulevard, and Marine Avenue, as desirable for bicycle facilities. The community also mentioned that it would like to see bikeways on streets that lead to schools, such as Firmona Avenue and Mansel Avenue. 6.3.2 Bicycle Commuter Estimates and Forecasts United States Census “Commuting to Work” data provides an indication of current bicycle system usage. Appendix A-15 shows the percent bicycle commuters in Lawndale by census tract. Lawndale has high percentages of bicycle commuters throughout the city, especially in the northwest portion. This correlates with The community also mentioned that it would like to see bikeways on streets that lead to schools, such as Firmona Avenue and Mansel Avenue. Page 209 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 156 | Alta Planning + Design the high percentages of households without vehicles and high percentages of transit commuters in that area. Table 6-2 presents commute to work data estimates reported by the 2000 US Census for Lawndale. For comparative purposes, the table includes commute to work data for the United States, California, and County of Los Angeles. According to the estimates, 1.6 percent of residents in Lawndale commute predominantly by bicycle. The percent of bicycle commuters in Lawndale is nearly double that of California. Lawndale also has comparatively high rates of carpooling and low rates of driving alone, which could in part be due to low rates of vehicle ownership. Moreover, it is important to note that this figure likely underestimates the true amount of bicycling that occurs in Lawndale for several reasons. First, data reflects respondents’ dominant commute mode and therefore does not capture trips to school, for errands, or other bike trips that would supplant vehicular trips. Also, US Census data collection methods only enable a respondent to select one mode of travel, thus excluding bicycle trips if they constitute part of a longer multimodal trip. This is especially important to note as Lawndale has a low percentage of drive alone commuters and high percentage of transit commuters. It also has a high percentage of carpoolers. In addition to bicycle commuters in Lawndale, bicyclists from neighboring communities use the city’s network to reach their destinations and are not reflected in this data. This Plan addresses the need for regional connectivity to accommodate bicyclists passing through Lawndale’s bicycle network in Section 6.4. Table 6-2: Means of Transportation to Work Mode United States California Los Angeles County Lawndale Bicycle 0.38% 0.83% 0.62% 1.58% Drove Alone – car, truck, or van 75.70% 71.82% 70.36% 66.95% Carpool – car, truck, or van 12.19% 14.55% 15.08% 20.39% Transit 4.73% 5.07% 6.58% 6.89% Walked 2.93% 2.85% 2.93% 2.30% Other Means 0.70% 0.79% 0.76% 0.42% Worked at Home 3.26% 3.83% 3.49% 1.16% Source: US Census 2000 Page 210 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition And South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 157 Table 6-3 presents an estimate of current bicycling within Lawndale using US Census data along with several adjustments for likely bicycle commuter underestimations, as discussed above. Table 6-4 presents the associated air quality benefits from bicycling. Table 6-3: Existing Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Existing study area population 31,729 2000 US Census, P1 Existing employed population 12,839 2000 US Census, P30 Existing bike-to-work mode share 1.6% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of bike-to-work commuters 203 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Existing work-at-home mode share 1.2% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of work-at-home bike commuters 15 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Existing transit-to-work mode share 6.9% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing transit bicycle commuters 221 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Existing school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 5,226 2000 US Census, P8 Existing school children bicycling mode share 2.0% National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Existing school children bike commuters 105 School children population multiplied by school children bike mode share Existing number of college students in study area 2,201 2000 US Census, PCT24 Existing estimated college bicycling mode share 5.0% Review of bicycle commute share in seven university communities (source: National Bicycling & Walking Study, FHWA, Case Study No. 1, 1995), review of bicycle commute share at the University of California, Los Angeles. Existing college bike commuters 110 College student population multiplied by college student bicycling mode share Existing total number of bike commuters 654 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian bike trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 1,308 Total bicycle commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 211 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 158 | Alta Planning + Design Table 6-4: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Current Estimated VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 295 Assumes 73% of bicycle trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 77,012 Reduced weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 1,973 Assumes average round trip travel length of 5 miles for adults/college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 514,886 Reduced weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Current Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 6 Daily mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 4 Daily mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 54 Daily mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 1,605 Daily mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 1,544 Yearly mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 6 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 6 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 1,078 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 14,076 Yearly mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/yr) 418,863 Yearly mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. Table 6-5 presents projected year 2030 bicycling activity within Lawndale using California Department of Finance population and school enrollment projections. The projection contains the assumption that bicycle mode share will double by 2030, due in part to bicycle network implementation. Actual bicycle mode share in 2030 will depend on many factors, including the extent of network implementation. Table 6-6 presents the associated year Page 212 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition And South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 159 2030 air quality benefit forecasts. The calculations follow in a straightforward manner from the Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand. Table 6-5: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Future study area population 39,484 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050. Future employed population 15,977 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050, Future bike-to-work mode share 3.2% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of bike-to-work commuters 505 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Future work-at-home mode share 0.76% Calculated based on change in mode share from 1990 US Census, P49, to 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of work-at-home bike commuters 61 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Future transit-to-work mode share 13.8% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future transit bicycle commuters 550 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Future school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 4,153 Calculated from CA Dept. of Finance, California Public K–12 Graded Enrollment and High School Graduate Projections by County, 2010 Series. Future school children bicycling mode share 4.0% Double the rate of national school commute trends. National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Future school children bike commuters 166 School children population multiplied by school children bicycling mode share Future number of college students in study area 2,739 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000- 2050, Sacramento, California, July 2007. Future estimated college bicycling mode share 7.0% A slight increase over the existing college bicycle mode share assumption, commensurate with projected increases in bicycling for other populations Future college bike commuters 192 College student population x college student bicycling mode share Future total number of bike commuters 1,474 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian biking trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 2,947 Total bike commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 213 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 160 | Alta Planning + Design Table 6-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Forecasted VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 641 Assumes 73% of biking trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 167,238 Reduced number of weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 4,510 Assumes average round trip travel length of 8 miles for adults / college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 1,177,058 Reduced number of weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Forecasted Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 14 Daily mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 9 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 123 Daily mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 3,669 Daily mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 3,529 Yearly mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 13 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 13 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 2,465 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 32,178 Yearly mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced CO2 (lbs/yr) 957,544 Yearly mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. This model uses the latest state projections for population growth and reasonable assumptions about future bicycle ridership. The benefits model predicts that the total number of bicycle commute trips could increase from the current daily estimate of approximately 1,300 to just under 3,000, resulting in a substantial reduction of both Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and associated Page 214 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition And South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 161 emissions. This includes a yearly emissions reduction by 2030 of approximately 2,500 pounds of smog forming N0X and roughly one million pounds of C02, the principal gas associated with global climate change. Providing bicycle facilities will encourage new bicyclists to begin to ride, thus positively impacting air quality by reducing harmful pollutants from driving motorized vehicles. Because this plan recommends local connections throughout and regional links between the participating cities, it has the potential to have even greater air quality benefits. Bicyclists may not need to rely as heavily on vehicles for transportation because bicycling will be a viable transportation alternative upon implementation of this Plan. 6.3.3 Bicycle Counts To assess bicycling levels at different sites throughout Lawndale, volunteers conducted bicycle counts, in which they manually recorded the number of bicyclists that rode by. 6.3.3.1 Methodology The methodology for the bicycle counts derives from the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project (NBPD), a collaborative effort of Alta Planning + Design and the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The NBPD methodology aims to capture both utilitarian bicycling and recreational bicycling. The NBPD also provides guidance on how to select count locations. Volunteers conducted bicycle counts in each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay on Thursday, November 4, 2010 from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and Saturday, November 6, 2010 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. These dates are meant to capture volumes of bicyclists on a typical weekday and weekend day. Fall is an appropriate time to conduct bicycle counts in California because school is back in session and vacations are typically over. In Lawndale, volunteers were stationed at five stations on Thursday and two stations on Saturday. There were 36 total locations in the South Bay region on each day. The count locations were selected in partnership by city staff, Alta Planning + Design, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition staff, and South Bay Bicycle Coalition board members. This snapshot of locations is meant to capture a diverse bicycling population using the roads and streets that span the spectrum of bike-friendliness. (See Appendix A-17 for larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekend Bicycle Count Results in Lawndale Weekday Bicycle Count Results in Lawndale (See Appendix A-16 for larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Page 215 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 162 | Alta Planning + Design 6.3.3.2 Results The count results for the South Bay are displayed in Appendix A- 16 and Appendix A-17. Count results for Lawndale are shown at right. Detailed count data, including a list of count locations, is presented in Appendix H. On Thursday, the Lawndale station that experienced the highest volume was Marine Avenue and Hawthorne Boulevard with 134 bicyclists during the three hour count period. The station with the most bicyclists on Saturday was also Marine Avenue and Hawthorne Boulevard with 86 bicyclists during the three hour count period. On both days, the locations with the highest numbers of bicyclists in the South Bay region as a whole were those along the Strand on the County-maintained Marvin Braude Bikeway. Apart from the Strand stations, the inland count locations in Lawndale and Gardena experienced the most riders during the week. On the weekend, there were overall fewer riders in the inland count stations and more riders along the coast. This suggests that more bicyclists ride a bicycle for commuting during the week and for recreation on the weekend. In the region as a whole, approximately 83 percent of bicyclists were male. About 70 percent of those observed did not wear helmets and 41 percent rode on the sidewalks. On Thursday, there were 18 locations at which over half of the observed bicyclists rode on the sidewalk and on Saturday there were nine. Riding on the sidewalk can be an indicator of a lack of bicycle facilities, as bicyclists that are uncomfortable riding with traffic may choose to ride on the sidewalk instead. 6.3.4 Bicycle Collision Analysis Safety is a major concern for both existing and potential bicyclists. Concern about safety is the most common reason given for not riding a bicycle (or riding more often), according to national surveys. Identifying bicycle collision sites can draw attention to areas that warrant improvement, particularly if multiple collisions occur at the same location. This analysis employs the most reliable data source available, the California Highway Patrol’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System. The data set only includes reported collisions, and so represents a subset of all the bicycle collisions in Lawndale. This data does not include any assessment of conditions present at the time of the collision. There are numerous factors that may contribute to a given incident including but not limited to time of day, visibility, distractions, obstacles or Bicycle Collisions in Lawndale 2007-2009 (See Appendix A-18 for larger map) Page 216 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 163 traffic law obedience. This data simply reflects reported incidents, resulting injuries and the party at fault. This data does not infer faulty infrastructure, but rather provides a baseline of collisions that often decreases in correlation with bike plan implementation and the improvements to facilities and road user behavior and awareness that accompanies it. Fault as determined by law enforcement is discussed below. Table 6-7 presents the number of reported collisions involving bicyclists, number of bicyclists involved, and severity of the bicycle collisions for three consecutive years: 2007, 2008, and 2009. Appendix A-18 shows locations of bicycle collisions in the South Bay region in the same time period. Bicycle collisions in Lawndale are shown on the preceding page. There were 55 total reported collisions involving bicyclists from 2007-2009 in the City of Lawndale. Three locations in Lawndale each experienced four collisions involving bicyclists. These were the intersections of Inglewood Avenue and Interstate 405, Hawthorne Boulevard and Interstate 405, and Hawthorne Boulevard and Marine Avenue. A total of 21 crashes involving bicyclists occurred on Hawthorne Boulevard alone. Both high employment and population densities lie along Hawthorne north of the 405, which likely generate many bicycle trips. Hawthorne Boulevard also carries large volumes of automobiles traveling at high speeds, producing potential conflicts between vehicles and bicycles. The on- and off-ramps from the 405 are challenging for bicyclists due to channelized turning lanes with large turning radii, as well as poor lighting and visibility in the underpasses. Table 6-7: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 Total Crashes Involving Bicyclists Number of Bicyclists Involved Persons Injured Persons Severely Injured Persons Killed 55 55 47 4 1 Source: California Highway Patrol, Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) As reported by police officers in traffic reports, bicyclists were at fault in 86 percent of collisions involving bicycles (47 crashes) in this time period. Providing bicycle facilities encourages more people to ride. When motorists begin to look for and expect to see bicyclists, collisions between vehicles and bicyclists are reduced. The City of New York, for example, reported that as ridership increased between 1998 and Page 217 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 164 | Alta Planning + Design 2008, the number of annual casualties from bicycle collisions decreased (see Appendix B). Appendix A-1 displays estimated weekday traffic volumes in Lawndale. Hawthorne Boulevard has the highest volumes of traffic, followed by Rosecrans Avenue, Artesia Boulevard, Prairie Avenue, and Inglewood Avenue. Each of these streets experienced collisions involving bicyclists in 2007-2009. Because Lawndale has such high percentages of bicycle commuters, installing bicycle facilities, especially on major arterials, could reduce the number and severity of collisions involving bicyclists. 6.4 Proposed Bicycle Network This section presents the proposed bicycle network for the City of Lawndale, which includes bicycle parking facilities. Upon implementation of the proposed network, the City should coordinate and collaborate with adjacent participating South Bay cities to emphasize a regional bicycle network. Bicycle facilities discussed in this Plan are described in Section 1.3 and shown in Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4. Appendix C outlines the recommended standards for each facility classification as compared to minimum standards. In addition to creating a comprehensive network of bikeways in Lawndale, the recommended system ties into the proposed bicycle facilities for the other South Bay participating cities to create a connected regional network. This will give bicyclists from adjacent communities the opportunity to pass through Lawndale to reach their destinations without losing bicycle facilities at city boundaries. Bikeway recommendations are also based on the existing City bicycle plans, public input, topography, traffic volumes, and traffic speeds. 6.4.1 Proposed Bikeway Facilities The proposed bicycle network in the City of Lawndale includes Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets, and is shown in Figure 6-3. The proposed bicycle network in Lawndale connects with the recommended networks in Redondo Beach and Torrance, as well as the Los Angeles County bicycle system. Figure 6-3 shows a blue asterisk at the proposed bike lanes on Marine Avenue and on the proposed path along the Metro right-of-way as they are outside the jurisdiction of this plan, but are supported improvements. Four tables identify the streets on which facilities are proposed, the extents of each proposed facility, and the length in miles of each Page 218 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 165 proposed facility. Table 6-8 lists the proposed bicycle paths, Table 6-9 lists the proposed bicycle lanes, Table 6-10 lists the proposed bicycle routes, and Table 6-11 lists the proposed bicycle-friendly streets. The proposed bicycle network in the South Bay region as a whole is presented in Appendix A-19. Table 6-8: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Lawndale Street From To Miles Metro Right-of-Way Bike Path 163rd St 170th St 0.4 Total Bicycle Path Mileage 0.4 Table 6-9: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Lawndale Street From To Miles Artesia Boulevard Inglewood Avenue Grivellea Avenue 0.4 Marine Avenue Inglewood Avenue Prairie Avenue 1.0 Manhattan Beach Boulevard Inglewood Avenue Prairie Avenue 1.0 Hawthorne Boulevard Rosecrans Avenue Redondo Beach Boulevard 1.9 Redondo Beach Boulevard Grivellea Avenue Prairie Avenue 0.7 Inglewood Avenue Rosecrans Avenue Artesia Boulevard 2.0 Prairie Avenue Rosecrans Avenue Redondo Beach Boulevard 1.7 Rosecrans Avenue Inglewood Avenue Prairie Avenue 1.0 Total Bicycle Lane Mileage 9.7 Table 6-10: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Lawndale Street From To Miles Condon Avenue (South Bound only) 163rd St 170th St 0.4 Total Bicycle Route Mileage 0.4 Table 6-11: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Lawndale Street From To Miles 160th Street Inglewood Avenue Firmona Avenue 0.2 154th Street Condon Avenue Prairie Avenue 0.9 Freeman Avenue - 164th Street 147th Street Prairie Avenue 1.4 Mansel Avenue Rosecrans Avenue Manhattan Beach Boulevard 1.0 Firmona Avenue Manhattan Beach Boulevard Artesia Boulevard 1.0 149th Street - Burin Avenue - 147th Street Mansel Avenue Prairie Avenue 0.8 Page 219 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 166 | Alta Planning + Design Street From To Miles Condon Avenue Rosecrans Avenue 154th Street 0.8 163rd Street Inglewood Avenue Prairie Avenue 1.0 Street From To Miles 147th Street Inglewood Avenue Mansel Avenue 0.3 164th Street Green Line Extension Bike Path Hawthorne Boulevard 0.3 170th Street Inglewood Avenue Hawthorne Boulevard 0.5 166th Street Inglewood Avenue Green Line Extension Bike Path 0.1 166th Street - Osage Avenue Firmona Avenue 164th Street 0.8 Total Bicycle-Friendly Street Mileage 9.2 There are several constraints to recommending new bicycle facilities in Lawndale. These are shown on the next page and are referenced by the numbers in Appendix I. Appendix I also presents opportunities and constraints in the South Bay region as a whole. One constraint is a proposed Class II bikeway along Hawthorne Boulevard. This facility poses some unique constraints in terms of space availability. This is a busy thoroughfare that is dense with commercial and retail uses. This Plan recommends the consideration of a Class II facility along Hawthorne Boulevard to the extent feasible. One option to consider would be to utilize the necessary space along the center parking landscaped median rather than removing on street parking or travel lanes. A second constraint is a proposed Class II bikeway along Redondo Beach Boulevard from Hawthorne Boulevard to Artesia Boulevard in Lawndale/Redondo Beach. This segment experiences high traffic volumes due to the South Bay Galleria, which creates a challenging environment for bicyclists. Upon plan implementation, Lawndale and Redondo Beach should work together to design a facility that provides safety for bicyclists. (See Appendix I for larger map) Opportunities and Constraints in Lawndale Page 220 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 167 Figure 6-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Lawndale Page 221 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 168 | Alta Planning + Design 6.4.2 Proposed End-of-Trip Bicycle Facilities Support facilities and connections to other modes of transportation are essential components of a bicycle system because they enhance safety and convenience for bicyclists at the end of every trip. With nearly all utilitarian and many recreational bike trips, bicyclists need secure and well-located bicycle parking. A comprehensive bicycle parking strategy is one of the most important things that a jurisdiction can apply to immediately enhance the bicycling environment. Moreover, a bicycle parking strategy with connections to public transit will further the geographical range of residents traveling without using an automobile. The Lawndale Municipal Code currently provides bicycle parking requirements at video arcades and non-residential developments. The Municipal Code should be amended to remove the section on video arcades and expand the requirements to include quantity of bicycle parking at new and retrofitted multi-family residential, commercial, office, and mixed-use developments of all sizes. Quantity of bicycle parking should be based on square footage of developments or by number of employees/residents to adequately address the bicycle demand at each development. The City should also amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of both short- and long-term bicycle parking facility designs, which are shown in Appendix J. Bicycle rack designs should include racks that provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. This will provide a high degree of security and support for the bicycle. Long-term bicycle parking should be in the form of:  Covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles;  Lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks; or  Lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers. When people commute by bicycle they often sweat or become dirty from weather or road conditions. Providing changing and storing facilities encourages commuters to travel by bicycle because they have a place to clean up before work or school. Lawndale should require all new mid-to-large employers, offices, and businesses to supply changing and storing facilities, such as by providing showers and clothes lockers within the buildings or arranging Bicycle lockers are appropriate end-of-trip facilities for civic activity centers and transit hubs. Page 222 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 169 Figure 6-4: Lawndale Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities Page 223 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 170 | Alta Planning + Design agreements with nearby recreation centers to allow commuters to use their facilities. Proposed end-of-trip bicycle facilities in Lawndale are shown in Figure 6-4. The City should continue to provide short-term bicycle parking in the form of bicycle racks at all major trip attractors, including commercial and civic activity centers and transit hubs, and ensure that an adequate supply is available. The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at the following locations:  Parks  Schools  Commercial/office areas  Civic/government buildings  Public transit stations High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts should provide more secure, long-term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. Any future transit hubs and intermodal facilities should include secure bicycle parking areas as part of their design. Secure bicycle parking areas that provide services, such as bicycle rentals and repair, should be considered at major transit stations and commuter destinations. 6.5 Project Costs This section presents the cost to implement the proposed bicycle network in Lawndale. 6.5.1 Cost Estimates Table 6-12 displays the planning-level capital cost assumptions for each facility type proposed in this plan and Table 6-13 displays the cost to implement the proposed network in the City of Lawndale from the cost assumptions.20 Cost assumptions are based on LA County averages and may vary depending on environmental conditions of a given facility, unforeseen construction cost variations, and similar considerations. Cost assumptions exclude specific treatments that may vary by location and must be determined by field review, such as traffic calming measures, restriping of existing travel lanes, and sign removal. Cost assumptions do not include traffic signal improvements, such as 20 Table 6-13 assumes the cost of implementing Class III Bicycle Routes with Sharrows based on the policies presented in Chapter 2 The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at locations, such as schools. Page 224 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 171 changes to phasing, recalibration of loop detectors, or installation of push buttons. For detailed cost estimations, refer to the project sheets presented in Section 6.7. Table 6-12: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types Facility Type Description Estimated Cost21 Class I Bicycle Path Paving, striping and signage $800,000 / mile Class II Bicycle Lanes (two sides) Striping, signage, and travel lane restriping $40,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) Signage $15,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) with sharrows Pavement markings and signage $25,000 / mile Bicycle Friendly Street Pavement markings, signage, and limited traffic calming $30,000 / mile Table 6-13: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network Facility Type Unit Cost per mile Length of Proposed Network (miles) Cost Bicycle Path $800,000 0.4 $ 336,000 Bicycle Lane $40,000 9.7 $ 386,000 Bicycle Route with sharrows $25,000 0.4 $ 11,000 Bicycle-Friendly Street $30,000 9.2 $ 275,000 Total 19.7 $ 1,008,000 6.6 Project Prioritization A prioritized list of bicycle projects will help guide the City of Lawndale in implementing the proposed bicycle facilities presented in this Plan. Each proposed facility discussed in Section 6.4.1 is grouped into projects based on feasibility of implementation. Table 6-14 presents the prioritized projects based on the prioritization methodology displayed in Appendix K. Each criterion contains information about a facility and its ability to address an existing or future need in Lawndale. The projects ranked the highest should be implemented first. 21 Cost estimates include physical removals and installations (e.g. of signs and striping), contract contingency costs, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering. The source for the unit costs is the LA County Bicycle Master Plan, which are based upon a peer review of Southern California bikeway construction unit costs. Page 225 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 172 | Alta Planning + Design Table 6-14: Lawndale Prioritized Bicycle Projects Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement TotalBFS 160th Street Inglewood Avenue Firmona Avenue 3 6 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 15BL Artesia Boulevard Inglewood Avenue Grivellea Avenue 0 0 0 4 4 2 2 1 2 0 15BL Marine Avenue Inglewood Avenue Prairie Avenue 0 0 1 4 2 2 2 2 1 0 14BL Manhattan Beach Boulevard Inglewood Avenue Prairie Avenue 0 0 0 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 13BL Hawthorne Boulevard Rosecrans Avenue Redondo Beach Boulevard 0 0 0 4 2 2 2 2 0 1 13BL Redondo Beach Boulevard Grivellea Avenue Prairie Avenue 0 0 0 4 2 1 2 2 1 1 13BL Inglewood Avenue Rosecrans Avenue Artesia Boulevard 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 13BFS 154th Street Condon Avenue Prairie Avenue 0 0 0 4 0 2 1 2 1 2 12BL Prairie Avenue Rosecrans Avenue Redondo Beach Boulevard 0 3 0 2 0 2 2 2 1 0 12BFS Freeman Avenue - 164th Street 147th Street Prairie Avenue 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 2 1 2 10BFS Mansel Avenue Rosecrans Avenue Manhattan Beach Boulevard 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 2 1 2 10BFS Firmona Avenue Manhattan Beach Boulevard Artesia Boulevard 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 10BFS 149th Street - Burin Avenue - 147th Street Mansel Avenue Prairie Avenue 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 8BFS Condon Avenue Rosecrans Avenue 154th Street 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 8BFS 162nd Street Inglewood Avenue Prairie Avenue 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 8BL Rosecrans Avenue Inglewood Avenue Prairie Avenue 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 0 7Page 226 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 173 Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement TotalBFS Condon Avenue Green Line Extension Bike Path 164th Street 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 7BFS 170th Street Inglewood Avenue Hawthorne Boulevard 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 6BFS 166th Street Inglewood Avenue Green Line Extension Bike Path 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 6BFS 166th Street - Osage Avenue Firmona Avenue 164th Street 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 6BFS 164th Street Green Line Extension Bike Path Hawthorne Boulevard 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 5BR Condon Avenue (Southbound Only) 162nd Street 170th St 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 4BP Metro Right-of-Way Bike Path 162nd Street 170th St 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 3*BP=Bike Path, BL=Bike Lane, BR=Bike Route, BFS=Bike Friendly Street Page 227 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 174 | Alta Planning + Design 6.7 Project Sheets The City of Lawndale selected two of its top priority projects from the previous table for more detailed concept designs. Project sheets are shown on the following pages and include:  A review of the existing site conditions  Site challenges  Recommended improvements  Estimated cost  Photos  Aerial images  Concept graphics Page 228 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 175 Lawndale Project #1: Mansel Avenue (Rosecrans Avenue to Manhattan Beach Boulevard) Project Site Photos Mansel Avenue is north-south residential street located in the western portion of the City of Lawndale. It connects to the City of Hawthorne to the north and Manhattan Beach Boulevard in Lawndale to the south. Mansel Avenue provides access to Lucille J. Smith Elementary School and Jane Addams Park. There is parallel on-street parking along most of Mansel Avenue and a posted speed limit of 25 mph. Mansel Avenue has one travel lane in each direction. There are stop controlled intersections at all intersections, except Marine Avenue where there is a traffic signal. Traffic does not stop on Rosecrans Avenue and Manhattan Beach Boulevard. A median refuge island on Manhattan Beach Boulevard will help bicyclists turning left onto and off of Mansel Avenue. Project Challenges Mansel Avenue has no existing bicycle facilities thus bicyclists and motor vehicles must share the road. There are few existing treatments to create a safe bicycling environment for children riding to school. Left turns from Mansel Avenue onto Manhattan Beach Boulevard and Rosecrans Avenue are difficult by bicycle because both roads are busy arterials on which through traffic does not stop. Proposed Improvements  Install signage and stripe pavement markings, such as sharrows or bike friendly street stencils,  Install wayfinding signage at intersections with other bicycle facilities once implemented, especially other bike friendly streets  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Stripe a High-intensity Activated Crosswalk (HAWK) at the intersection of Mansel Avenue and Rosecrans Avenue  Construct a median refuge island at the intersection of Mansel Avenue and Manhattan Beach Boulevard Estimated Cost $130,000 Signage and pavement markings will alert motorists to the presence of bicyclists. A HAWK across Rosecrans Avenue will help both bicyclists and pedestrians cross the arterial. Page 229 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 176 | Alta Planning + Design Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Mansel Avenue Mansel Avenue (Rosecrans Avenue to Manhattan Beach Boulevard) Example Median Refuge Island (Source: NACTO.org) Page 230 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 177 Lawndale Project #2: Manhattan Beach Boulevard (Inglewood Avenue to Prairie Avenue) Project Site Photos Manhattan Beach Boulevard is an east-west arterial road located in the center of the City of Lawndale. It connects to the City of Redondo Beach to the west and the County of Los Angeles to the east. Manhattan Beach Boulevard provides access to many commercial services and residences, and secondary access to Rogers Anderson Park. There is parallel on-street parking along most of Manhattan Beach Boulevard and a posted speed limit of 40 mph. Manhattan Beach Boulevard has two travel lanes in each direction with turn pockets and center medians. From Inglewood Avenue to Hawthorne Avenue, the roadway width is approximately 33 to 34 feet on each side of the center median. Between Grivellea Avenue and Hawthorne Boulevard the number of travel lanes increases to three in the eastbound direction. East of Hawthorne Boulevard the number of travel lanes drops to two again. From Hawthorne Boulevard to Prairie Avenue the roadway width is approximately 32 to 33 feet on each side of the center median. Bicycle Lanes on Manhattan Beach Boulevard will separate bicyclists and motorists to reduce potential conflicts. Project Challenges Manhattan Beach Boulevard has no existing bicycle facilities, thus bicyclists must share the road with high volumes of vehicles traveling at high speeds. A third eastbound travel lane between Grivellea Avenue and Hawthorne Boulevard reduces the space available to provide bicycle facilities. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 1 mile of Class II bike lanes  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Remove the third northbound travel lane between Grivellea Avenue and Hawthorne Boulevard to provide adequate space to continue bicycle lanes on this segment Estimated Cost $75,000 Providing bicycle lanes on Manhattan Beach Boulevard will create a more comfortable bicycling environment. Removing the third eastbound travel lane between Grivellea Avenue and Hawthorne Boulevard will provide adequate space to continue the bike lane through this segment. Page 231 of 535 Chapter Six | Lawndale 178 | Alta Planning + Design Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Manhattan Beach Boulevard Manhattan Beach Boulevard (Inglewood Avenue to Prairie Avenue) Bicycle Loop Detectors Page 232 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 179 Chapter 7 Manhattan Beach Page 233 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 180 | Alta Planning + Design Page 234 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 181 7 Manhattan Beach This chapter presents Manhattan Beach’s portion of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. It begins with a discussion of how Manhattan Beach complies with Bicycle Transportation Account requirements. The chapter is then organized into the following sections:  Existing conditions;  City-specific goals, policies, and implementation actions;  Needs analysis;  Proposed bicycle network;  Project prioritization; and  Project costs. 7.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance The Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) is an annual statewide discretionary program that funds bicycle projects through the Caltrans Bicycle Facility Unit. Available as grants to local jurisdictions, the program emphasizes projects that benefit bicycling for commuting purposes. In order for Manhattan Beach to qualify for BTA funds, the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan must contain specific elements. Appendix E displays the requisite BTA components and their location within this plan. The table includes “Approved” and “Notes/Comments” columns for the convenience of the Metro official responsible for reviewing compliance. 7.2 Existing Conditions Manhattan Beach is located in the western portion of the South Bay region. It is bordered by the City of El Segundo to the north, the City of Redondo Beach to the east, the City of Hermosa Beach to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. According to the 2000 Census, Manhattan Beach has a population of 34,039. The city was incorporated in 1912. 7.2.1 Land Use Appendix A-3 displays a map of the existing land uses in the South Bay Region. Land uses in Manhattan Beach are shown at right. Almost 70 percent of the land area in Manhattan Beach is devoted to residential uses: approximately 60 percent is single family and about 8 percent is multi-family. Manhattan Beach is also approximately 10 percent open space. (See Appendix A-3 for larger map) Existing Land Uses in Manhattan Beach Page 235 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 182 | Alta Planning + Design Page 236 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 183 displays the proposed land uses in Manhattan Beach. As compared to the existing uses, the City plans to increase residential densities from single-family to multi-family South of Marine Avenue and west of Valley Drive, as well as south of the pier between Valley Drive and the Strand. 7.2.2 Bicycle Trip Generators Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities or high concentrations of certain sub-populations, such as transit commuters or zero-vehicle households. Appendix A-4 shows population density in Manhattan Beach. The areas with the highest population densities are located along the beach, which is where much of the multi-family housing is located. This has the potential to generate bicycle trips as housing is nearby the downtown and many key community services. Population density, measured as the number of persons per acre, is a strong indicator of potential bicycle activity, because more people living in an area implies more trips to and from that area. The high population densities of urbanized environments also tend to support bicycle travel through mixed land uses, interconnected street networks, and shorter trip lengths. Appendix A-5 displays employment density in Manhattan Beach. Employment is most dense along Sepulveda Boulevard, on the northeast portion of Rosecrans Avenue, and around the intersection of Highland Avenue and Manhattan Beach Boulevard. Both Sepulveda Boulevard and the intersection of Highland Avenue and Manhattan Beach Boulevard primarily support commercial and service land uses. Rosecrans Avenue has commercial and service uses, as well as industrial and general office space. These sites have the potential to generate bicycle activity, as they are located in environments with a variety of land uses where trips between uses can be shorter. Appendix A-6, Appendix A-6, and Appendix A-8 display the percent of zero-vehicle households, median annual income, and percent transit commuters by census tract in the City of Manhattan Beach. Manhattan Beach overall has low percentages of transit commuters and high median annual incomes. Most households make above $95,000 per year (in 1999 dollars). Manhattan Beach also has high rates of vehicle ownership. Households without vehicles are concentrated in the southwest and central (Tree Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities. Page 237 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 184 | Alta Planning + Design Section) portions of the city. These parts of the city have greater potential for increased bicycling activity because residents who do not have vehicles must use alternative modes and are likely to combine bicycle and transit trips. In addition to the reasons discussed above, Manhattan Beach has the potential for increased bicycle activity from bicyclists passing through on their way to destinations outside of the city. A bicycle network that is connected within Manhattan Beach, as well as linked to bicycle facilities in adjacent communities, further generates bicycle traffic as it provides a viable transportation option to driving a motorized vehicle. 7.2.3 Relevant Plans and Policies Table 7-1 outlines information regarding bicycles from the City of Manhattan Beach’s Infrastructure Element, Municipal Code, and Suggested Safe Routes to School Maps. Table 7-1: Manhattan Beach Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies Document Description General Plan Infrastructure Element (2003) This element contains a map of existing bikeways in the City (Appendix F-4), which include the Strand Bikeway and Veterans Parkway, which is a multi-use trail. The element also includes goals and policies relevant to bicycling, which are:  Work with the school district and private schools to improve pedestrian and bicycle safety around schools  Incorporate bikeways and pedestrian ways as part of the City’s circulation system  Encourage features that accommodate the use of bicycles in the design of new development  Encourage the development of recreational bicycle routes to link residential, schools, and recreational areas east of Sepulveda Boulevard with the Strand bike path Municipal Code The City’s Municipal Code prohibits riding bicycles on the sidewalk, except for children under 14 years old in front of schools, stores, or buildings used for business purposes. The Municipal Code provides bicycle requirements based on land use type. Parking must be in the form of a stationary object (either a freestanding bicycle rack or a wall-mounted bracket) to which a user can secure both wheels and the frame of a bicycle with a user-provided six-foot cable and lock. Before installation, the City reviews the design and location of bicycle parking through a Use Permit to ensure design compatibility with the architecture, appropriate materials, safety, and that it does not block pedestrian or vehicle paths-access. The City conducted a comprehensive bikeway study in 2009 to evaluate the needs, wants and opportunities related to bicycles. The study found that most people in the community utilize bikeways for recreation purposes rather than for commuting to and from work. Bicycle parking policies do not reflect that as they focus on providing facilities at commercial rather than recreational sites. Page 238 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 185 Document Description Suggested Routes to School Maps In August of 2009, the City was awarded Safe Routes to School (SR2S) funding by the State of California. These maps are part of Manhattan Beach’s larger SR2S effort. They display suggested routes for walking/biking to Meadows, Grand View, Pennekamp, Pacific, and Robinson Elementary Schools. They also highlight where traffic signals, walkstreets (streets closed to vehicular traffic), crosswalks, and crossing guards are located. Detailed bicycle parking information is presented in Appendix G. 7.2.4 Existing Bicycle Network Figure 7-1 shows the existing bicycle facilities in Manhattan Beach. Appendix A-2 displays a map of the existing bicycle facilities in the South Bay Region. Bicycle facility types are discussed in Section 1.3. The bicycle network in the City of Manhattan Beach consists of approximately 3 miles of bikeways. This includes a section of the Los Angeles County-maintained Class I bicycle path on the Strand and Class III bicycle routes. Table 7-2 summarizes the classification and mileage of the existing network. Table 7-2: Manhattan Beach Bicycle Network Facility Type Mileage Class I (Bike Path) 2.1 Class II (Bike Lanes) 0.0 Class III (Bike Route) 1.1 Total Mileage 3.2 7.2.5 Existing End-of-Trip Parking Facilities The BTA requires that this plan inventory publicly-accessible short-term and long-term end-of-trip bicycle facilities for the members of the bicycling public to park their bicycles, as well as change and store clothes and equipment. Short-term facilities consist of bicycle racks. Long-term facilities include, but are not limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. Appendix A-9 displays the existing end-of-trip bicycle facilities in the South Bay. The locations of existing bicycle racks in Manhattan Beach are shown at right. These locations include parks, on sidewalks, and at the beach. Bicycle racks in Manhattan Beach include comb racks, wave racks, and several styles of artistic racks. The City does not provide any long-term bicycle parking within its jurisdiction. (See Appendix A-9 for larger map) Existing End-of-trip Facilities in Manhattan Beach Page 239 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 186 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 7-1: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Manhattan Beach Page 240 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 187 7.2.6 Multi-Modal Connections Transit is often best for longer trips, while bicycling is better for shorter trips. Combining transit use and bicycling can offer a high level of mobility that is comparable to travel by automobile. Appendix A-10 shows the existing Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (Metro) transit routes that serve the City of Manhattan Beach. Metro operates bus lines with routes on the City’s major arterials, though the western half of Manhattan Beach is underserved. Buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. LADOT operates the Commuter Express bus service. Line 438 connects the cities of El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance to Downtown Los Angeles. Most Commuter Express buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Appendix A- 11 shows the Commuter Express Line bus routes. Beach Cities Transit (BCT) Line 109, operated by the City of Redondo Beach, and Torrance Transit Line 8, operated by the City of Torrance, also serve the City of Manhattan Beach. Appendix A- 13 shows the BCT System Map and Appendix A-14 shows the Torrance Transit System Map. Buses are equipped with bike racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The BTA requires that this plan inventory existing bicycle transport and parking facilities for connecting to public transit services. These facilities include, but are not limited to, bicycle parking at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, park and ride lots, and provisions for transporting bicycles on public transit vehicles. Manhattan Beach does not currently provide any intermodal end-of-trip bicycle facilities within its jurisdiction. 7.2.7 Education and Enforcement Strategies Bicycle education programs and enforcement of bicycle-related policies help to make riding safer for all bicyclists. To promote safe bicycling at the Middle School level, the City of Manhattan Beach provides bicycle education to the school, parents, and students through the School Resource Officer (SRO) and Crime Prevention Officer. Once per year, there is a Bicycle Rodeo at Manhattan Beach Middle School and the Police Department provides a presentation and information on bicycle safety, requirements, wearing helmets, and the use of lights and reflectors. Bicycle Rodeos are meant to ensure that children bicycling to school have the appropriate and Metro operates bus lines with routes on the City’s major arterials. Page 241 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 188 | Alta Planning + Design required equipment, know where to ride, and follow the proper traffic signals, signs and markings. Throughout the school year, the SRO addresses students on campus regarding bicycle safety as needed. There is not a SRO for the elementary schools in Manhattan Beach, so they utilize saturated enforcement with patrol and traffic officers adjacent to the schools. Officers check to make sure that children have the proper equipment when bicycling to school, and if they don’t, they stop children to educate them and issue warnings. If a child receives several warnings, the officer will issue a citation, which requires the parent(s) to go to court. In the rest of the City, enforcement is performed by patrol and traffic officers. Enforcement is focused in the Downtown and on the Bike Path during the summer months. Officers issue warnings and citations for observed violations. Whenever an officer stops someone, they also educate the person on bicycle safety and the rules of the road regardless of whether a warning or citation is issued. 7.2.8 Past Bicycle-Related Expenditures Between 2005 and 2011, the City of Manhattan Beach incurred the following bicycle expenditures:  $2,500 for bicycle racks and bicycle route signs  $12,000 for labor, installation, core drilling, and concrete for new bicycle racks 7.3 Needs Analysis This section describes the needs of bicyclists in Manhattan Beach. It first summarizes feedback collected from the online survey and public workshops. The section also provides estimates and forecasts of bicycle commuting to determine the estimated bicycling demand in the city. It finally analyzes bicycle collision data between 2007 and 2009 to identify areas that would benefit from bicycle facility improvements. 7.3.1 Public Outreach As mentioned in Chapter 1, the public had the opportunity to provide input in the planning process through an online survey and the first round of public workshops. This section summarizes locations in Manhattan Beach that the community identified as desirable for bikeways and bicycle support facilities. The public identified major arterials as streets in need of bicycle facilities. Page 242 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 189 The location that the community mentioned the most frequently as in need of bikeways is Valley Drive / Ardmore Avenue. Other locations that the public identified as desirable for bicycle facilities include streets that lead to the beach, such as Marine Avenue, and provide access to schools, including Longfellow Avenue. The community also identified major arterials, such as Artesia Boulevard, Manhattan Beach Boulevard, and Rosecrans Boulevard. Other locations mentioned were residential streets, like Pacific Avenue and Redondo Avenue. The public identified Polliwog Park as a desirable location for bicycle parking. 7.3.2 Bicycle Commuter Estimates and Forecasts United States Census “Commuting to Work” data provides an indication of current bicycle system usage. Appendix A-15 shows the percent bicycle commuters in Manhattan Beach by census tract. Manhattan Beach has the highest percentages of bicycle commuters in the central northern portion of the city, which correlates with the percentage of households without vehicles. In addition to bicycle commuters in Manhattan Beach, bicyclists from neighboring communities use the city’s bicycle network to reach their destinations and are not reflected in this data. This Plan addresses the need for regional connectivity to accommodate bicyclists passing through Manhattan Beach’s bicycle network in Section 7.4. Table 7-3 presents commute to work data estimates reported by the 2000 US Census for Manhattan Beach. For comparative purposes, the table includes commute to work data for the United States, California, and County of Los Angeles. According to these estimates, 0.3 percent of residents in Manhattan Beach commute predominantly by bicycle. Manhattan Beach also has low rates of carpooling and transit riding, which suggests that the city’s high average median income and high car ownership rates influence mode split. It is important to note that this figure likely underestimates the true amount of bicycling that occurs in Manhattan Beach for several reasons. First, data reflects respondents’ dominant commute mode and therefore does not capture trips to school, for errands, or other bike trips that would supplant vehicular trips. Also, US Census data collection methods only enable a respondent to select one mode of travel, thus The public identified Manhattan Beach Boulevard as desirable for bicycle facilities. Page 243 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 190 | Alta Planning + Design excluding bicycle trips if they constitute part of a longer multimodal trip. The percentage of commuters in Manhattan Beach that commute by transit is much lower than that of those that drive alone. Manhattan Beach also has a low percentage of commuters carpooling and walking. In addition to bicycle commuters in Manhattan Beach, bicyclists from neighboring communities use the city’s bicycle network to reach their destinations and are not reflected in this data. This Plan addresses the need for regional connectivity to accommodate bicyclists passing through Manhattan Beach’s bicycle network in Section 7.4. Table 7-3: Means of Transportation to Work Mode United States California Los Angeles County Manhattan Beach Bicycle 0.38% 0.83% 0.62% 0.32% Drove Alone – car, truck, or van 75.70% 71.82% 70.36% 84.47% Carpool – car, truck, or van 12.19% 14.55% 15.08% 6.89% Transit 4.73% 5.07% 6.58% 0.38% Walked 2.93% 2.85% 2.93% 1.26% Other Means 0.70% 0.79% 0.76% 0.61% Worked at Home 3.26% 3.83% 3.49% 5.99% Source: US Census 2000 Table 7-4 presents an estimate of current bicycling within Manhattan Beach using US Census data along with several adjustments for likely bicycle commuter underestimations, as discussed above. Table 7-5 presents the associated air quality benefits from bicycling. . Page 244 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 191 Table 7-4: Existing Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Existing study area population 34,039 2000 US Census, P1 Existing employed population 19,030 2000 US Census, P30 Existing bike-to-work mode share 0.32% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of bike-to-work commuters 61 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Existing work-at-home mode share 6.0% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of work-at-home bike commuters 114 Assumes 50% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Existing transit-to-work mode share 0.4% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing transit bicycle commuters 18 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Existing school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 4,047 2000 US Census, P8 Existing school children bicycling mode share 2.0% National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Existing school children bike commuters 81 School children population multiplied by school children bike mode share Existing number of college students in study area 1,713 2000 US Census, PCT24 Existing estimated college bicycling mode share 5.0% Review of bicycle commute share in seven university communities (source: National Bicycling & Walking Study, FHWA, Case Study No. 1, 1995). Existing college bike commuters 86 College student population multiplied by college student bicycling mode share Existing total number of bike commuters 360 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian bike trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 719 Total bicycle commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 245 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 192 | Alta Planning + Design Table 7-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Current Estimated VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 233 Assumes 73% of bicycle trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 60,836 Reduced weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 1,564 Assumes average round trip travel length of 5 miles for adults/college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 408,315 Reduced weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Current Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 5 Daily mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 3 Daily mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 43 Daily mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 1,273 Daily mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 1,224 Yearly mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 5 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 4 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 855 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 11,162 Yearly mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/yr) 332,167 Yearly mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. Table 7-6 presents projected year 2030 bicycling activity within Manhattan Beach using California Department of Finance population and school enrollment projections. The projection contains the assumption that bicycle mode share will double by 2030, due in part to bicycle network implementation. Actual bicycle mode share in 2030 will depend on many factors, including Page 246 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 193 the extent of network implementation. Table 7-7 presents the associated year 2030 air quality benefit forecasts. The calculations follow in a straightforward manner from the Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand. Table 7-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Future study area population 42,359 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050. Future employed population 23,681 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050, Future bike-to-work mode share 0.64% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of bike-to-work commuters 152 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Future work-at-home mode share 7.81% Calculated based on change in mode share from 1990 US Census, P49, to 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of work-at-home bike commuters 185 Assumes 50% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Future transit-to-work mode share 0.8% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future transit bicycle commuters 45 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Future school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 3,216 Calculated from CA Dept. of Finance, California Public K–12 Graded Enrollment and High School Graduate Projections by County, 2010 Series. Future school children bicycling mode share 4.0% Double the rate of national school commute trends. National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Future school children bike commuters 129 School children population multiplied by school children bicycling mode share Future number of college students in study area 2,132 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000- 2050, Sacramento, California, July 2007. Future estimated college bicycling mode share 7.0% A slight increase over the existing college bicycle mode share assumption, commensurate with projected increases in bicycling for other populations Future college bike commuters 149 College student population x college student bicycling mode share Future total number of bike commuters 659 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian biking trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 1,319 Total bike commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 247 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 194 | Alta Planning + Design Table 7-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Forecasted VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 423 Assumes 73% of biking trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 110,354 Reduced number of weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 2,905 Assumes average round trip travel length of 8 miles for adults / college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 758,275 Reduced number of weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Forecasted Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 9 Daily mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 6 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 79 Daily mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 2,363 Daily mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 2,274 Yearly mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 9 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 8 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 1,588 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 20,729 Yearly mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced CO2 (lbs/yr) 616,861 Yearly mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. Page 248 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 195 This model uses the latest state projections for population growth and reasonable assumptions about future bicycle ridership. The benefits model predicts that the total number of bicycle commute trips could increase from the current daily estimate of 700 to 1,300, resulting in a substantial reduction of both Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and associated emissions. This includes a yearly emissions reduction by 2030 of approximately 1,600 pounds of smog forming N0X and roughly 600 thousand pounds of C02, the principal gas associated with global climate change. Providing bicycle facilities will encourage new bicyclists to begin to ride, thus positively impacting air quality by reducing harmful pollutants from driving motorized vehicles. Because this plan recommends local connections throughout and regional links between the participating cities, it has the potential to have even greater air quality benefits. Bicyclists may not need to rely as heavily on vehicles for transportation because bicycling will be a viable transportation alternative upon implementation of this Plan. 7.3.3 Bicycle Counts To assess bicycling levels at different sites throughout Manhattan Beach, volunteers conducted bicycle counts, in which they manually recorded the number of bicyclists that rode by. 7.3.3.1 Methodology The methodology for the bicycle counts derives from the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project (NBPD), a collaborative effort of Alta Planning + Design and the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The NBPD methodology aims to capture both utilitarian bicycling and recreational bicycling. The NBPD also provides guidance on how to select count locations. Volunteers conducted bicycle counts in each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay on Thursday, November 4, 2010 from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and Saturday, November 6, 2010 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. These dates are meant to capture volumes of bicyclists on a typical weekday and weekend day. Fall is an appropriate time to conduct bicycle counts in California because school is back in session and vacations are typically over. In Manhattan Beach, volunteers were stationed at six locations on Thursday and seven locations on Saturday. There were 36 total locations in the South Bay region on each day. The count locations were selected in partnership by city staff, Alta Planning + Design, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition staff, and (See Appendix A-16 for a larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekday Bicycle Count Results in Manhattan Beach Weekend Bicycle Count Results in Manhattan Beach (See Appendix A-17 for a larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Page 249 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 196 | Alta Planning + Design South Bay Bicycle Coalition board members. This snapshot of locations is meant to capture a diverse bicycling population using the roads and streets that span the spectrum of bike-friendliness. 7.3.3.2 Results The count results for the South Bay are displayed in Appendix A- 16 and Appendix A-17. Count results for Manhattan Beach are shown on the previous page. Detailed count data, including a list of count locations, is presented in Appendix H. On Thursday, the Manhattan Beach station that experienced the highest volume was Manhattan Beach Boulevard and Manhattan Avenue with 75 bicyclists during the three hour count period. The station with the most bicyclists on Saturday was Manhattan Beach Boulevard and the Strand with 589 bicyclists during the three hour count period. On both days, the locations with the highest numbers of bicyclists in the South Bay region as a whole were those along the Strand on the County-maintained Marvin Braude Bikeway. Apart from the Strand stations, the inland count locations in Lawndale and Gardena experienced the most riders during the week. On the weekend, there were overall fewer riders in the inland count stations and more riders along the coast. This suggests that more bicyclists ride a bicycle for commuting during the week and for recreation on the weekend. In the region as a whole, approximately 83 percent of bicyclists were male. About 70 percent of those observed did not wear helmets and 41 percent rode on the sidewalks. On Thursday, there were 18 locations at which over half of the observed bicyclists rode on the sidewalk and on Saturday there were nine. Riding on the sidewalk can be an indicator of a lack of bicycle facilities, as bicyclists that are uncomfortable riding with traffic may choose to ride on the sidewalk instead. 7.3.4 Bicycle Collision Analysis Safety is a major concern for both existing and potential bicyclists. Concern about safety is the most common reason given for not riding a bicycle (or riding more often), according to national surveys. Identifying bicycle collision sites can draw attention to areas that warrant improvement, particularly if multiple collisions occur at the same location. This analysis employs the most reliable data source available, the California Highway Patrol’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System. The data set only includes reported collisions, and so represents a subset of all the bicycle (See Appendix A-18 for larger map) Bicycle Collisions in Manhattan Beach 2007-2009 Page 250 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 197 collisions in Manhattan Beach. This data does not include any assessment of conditions present at the time of the collision. There are numerous factors that may contribute to a given incident including but not limited to time of day, visibility, distractions, obstacles or traffic law obedience. This data simply reflects reported incidents, resulting injuries and the party at fault. This data does not infer faulty infrastructure, but rather provides a baseline of collisions that often decreases in correlation with bike plan implementation and the improvements to facilities and road user behavior and awareness that accompanies it. Fault as determined by law enforcement is discussed below. Table 7-8 presents the number of reported collisions involving bicyclists, number of bicyclists involved, and severity of the bicycle collisions for three consecutive years: 2007, 2008, and 2009. Appendix A-18 shows locations of bicycle collisions in the South Bay region in the same time period. Bicycle collisions in Manhattan Beach are shown at right. There were 38 total reported collisions involving bicyclists from 2007-2009 in the City of Manhattan Beach. The intersection of Artesia Boulevard and Aviation Boulevard, which is on the border of the cities of Manhattan Beach and Redondo Beach, had four collisions involving bicyclists in the three year period. Other collisions in Manhattan Beach were concentrated on major boulevards: there were nine crashes on Manhattan Beach Boulevard, eight on Highland Avenue, and eight on Sepulveda Boulevard. Table 7-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 Total Crashes Involving Bicyclists Number of Bicyclists Involved Persons Injured Persons Severely Injured Persons Killed 38 38 36 5 1 Source: California Highway Patrol, Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) As reported by police officers in traffic reports, bicyclists were at fault in 63 percent of collisions involving bicycles (24 crashes) in this time period. Providing bicycle facilities encourages more people to ride. When motorists begin to look for and expect to see bicyclists, collisions between vehicles and bicyclists are reduced. The City of New York, for example, reported that as ridership increased between 1998 and 2008, the number of annual casualties from bicycle collisions decreased (see Appendix B). Page 251 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 198 | Alta Planning + Design Appendix A-1 displays estimated weekday traffic volumes in Manhattan Beach. The streets with the highest traffic volumes are Sepulveda Boulevard, Aviation Boulevard, Rosecrans Avenue, and Manhattan Beach Boulevard. The only one of these streets with bicycle facilities is Sepulveda Boulevard, which has a Class III bike route. On Sepulveda, bicyclists must still share the traffic lanes with vehicular traffic, creating the potential for conflicts between the two modes. Installing bicycle facilities, especially on major arterials, could reduce the number and severity of collisions involving bicyclists. 7.4 Proposed Bicycle Network This section presents the proposed bicycle network for the City of Manhattan Beach, which includes bicycle parking facilities. Upon implementation of the proposed network, the City should coordinate and collaborate with adjacent participating South Bay cities to emphasize a regional bicycle network. Bicycle facilities discussed in this Plan are described in Section 1.3 and are shown in Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4. Appendix C outlines the recommended standards for each facility classification as compared to minimum standards. In addition to creating a comprehensive network of bikeways in Manhattan Beach, the recommended system ties into the proposed bicycle facilities for the other South Bay participating cities to create a connected regional network. This will give bicyclists from adjacent communities the opportunity to pass through Manhattan Beach to reach their destinations without losing bicycle facilities at city boundaries. Bikeway recommendations are also based on the existing City bicycle plans, public input, topography, traffic volumes, and traffic speeds. 7.4.1 Proposed Bikeway Facilities The proposed bicycle network for the City of Manhattan Beach consists of Class I Bike Paths, Multi Use Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets, and is shown in Figure 7-2. Four tables identify the streets on which facilities are proposed, the extents of each proposed facility, and the length in miles of each proposed facility. Table 7-9 lists the proposed bicycle paths, Table 7-10 lists the proposed bicycle lanes, Table 7-11 lists the proposed bicycle routes, and Table 7-12 lists the proposed bicycle-friendly streets. The proposed Bicycle network for the South Bay region as a whole is presented in Appendix A-19. The proposed bicycle network in Manhattan Beach connects with the recommended networks in El Segundo, Hermosa Beach, and The proposed bicycle network for the City of Manhattan Beach consists of Class I Bike Paths, Multi Use Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets. Page 252 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 199 Redondo Beach. Figure 7-2 shows a blue asterisk at the steps between Manhattan Beach and Hermosa Beach, which is outside the jurisdiction of this plan, but is a supported improvement. Table 7-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Manhattan Beach Street From To Miles Bell Ave Extension 33rd St beginning of Bell Ave south of 30th St 0.1 Marine Ave Park Redondo Ave Extension Redondo Ave 0.1 Total Bicycle Path Mileage 0.2 Table 7-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Manhattan Beach Street From To Miles Manhattan Beach Blvd Ardmore Avenue Aviation Blvd 1.7 Rosecrans Ave Highland Ave Aviation Blvd 2.3 Marine Ave Sepulveda Blvd Aviation Blvd 1.0 Aviation Blvd Rosecrans Ave South City Limits 2.1 Total Bicycle Lane Mileage 7.0 Table 7-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Manhattan Beach Street From To Miles Valley Dr 15th St South City Limits 0.9 45th St The Strand Crest Dr 0.2 15th St Ocean Dr Valley Dr 0.2 Highland Av 45th St 33rd St 2.2 Ardmore Ave Rosecrans Ave South City Limits 2.1 Redondo Ave - Redondo Ave Extension Rosecrans Ave Marine Ave 0.6 Manhattan Ave 15th St 1st St 0.7 Manhattan Beach Blvd Ocean Dr Valley Dr 0.2 Rosecrans Ave The Strand Highland Ave 0.1 38th Pl Highland Ave Crest Dr 0.0 Total Bicycle Route Mileage 7.1 Page 253 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 200 | Alta Planning + Design Table 7-12: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Manhattan Beach Street From To Miles Marine Ave The Strand Blanch Rd 0.4 Marine Ave Ardmore Avenue Sepulveda Blvd 0.4 1st St Manhattan Avenue John St 0.4 Bell Ave Rosecrans Ave North of 29th St 0.2 Bell Ave - Blanch Rd North of 29th St Valley Dr 0.6 Pacific Ave - 5th St Rosecrans Ave Ardmore Ave 1.4 Ocean Dr 45th St 1st St 2.1 Oak Ave Ardmore Ave Manhattan Beach Blvd 0.8 8th St Ardmore Ave Aviation Blvd 1.5 Redondo Ave Marine Ave Artesia Blvd 1.5 2nd St John St East City Limits 1.3 Meadows Ave - Tennyson St - Prospect Ave Marine Ave Artesia Blvd 1.6 11th St Ardmore Ave Aviation Blvd 1.6 Peck Ave Manhattan Beach Blvd Artesia Blvd 1.0 Voorhees Ave Peck Ave Aviation Blvd 0.4 Mathews Ave Peck Ave Aviation Way 0.4 Harkness St Marine Ave 2nd St 1.0 Total Bicycle-Friendly Street Mileage 16.7 There are several opportunities and constraints to recommending new bicycle facilities in Manhattan Beach. These are shown at right and are referenced by the numbers in Appendix I. Appendix I also presents opportunities and constraints in the South Bay region as a whole. One opportunity includes a proposed Class II on Aviation Boulevard in Redondo Beach and Manhattan Beach. This major thoroughfare provides significant connectivity between residences and major employment centers and thus a bicycle facility on Aviation Boulevard will encourage increased bike commuting to these destinations. See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. Another opportunity is a proposed Class III bikeway on Valley Drive/Ardmore Avenue in Manhattan Beach: While this plan recommends a Class III route, the Vitality City Livability Plan recommends additional options. See the Vitality City Livability Plan for further detail and opportunities. A constraint is the stairs on the Strand between Hermosa Beach and Manhattan Beach. This constraint is also noted as being outside this plan’s jurisdiction because those stairs (along with the (See Appendix I for larger map) Opportunities and Constraints in Manhattan Beach Page 254 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 201 Figure 7-2: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Manhattan Beach Page 255 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 202 | Alta Planning + Design rest of the Strand with the exception of Hermosa Beach) are operated by the State and maintained by the County of Los Angeles. However, this plan urges the cities to remedy the disruption caused by the stairs. This remedy could come in several forms ranging from a bike-friendly ramp that connects the two sections of the Strand to signage that warns cyclists of the disruption and safely guides them to facilities along Hermosa Avenue. 7.4.2 Proposed End-of-Trip Bicycle Facilities Support facilities and connections to other modes of transportation are essential components of a bicycle system because they enhance safety and convenience for bicyclists at the end of every trip. With nearly all utilitarian and many recreational bike trips, bicyclists need secure and well-located bicycle parking. A comprehensive bicycle parking strategy is one of the most important things that a jurisdiction can apply to immediately enhance the bicycling environment. Moreover, a bicycle parking strategy with connections to public transit will further the geographical range of residents traveling without using an automobile. The Manhattan Beach Municipal Code currently provides bicycle parking requirements based on percent of vehicle parking at specific land uses, as well as bicycle parking design requirements. The City should consider amending its Municipal Code to include bicycle parking requirements at new and retrofitted multi-family residential, office, and mixed-use developments of all sizes. The Municipal Code should also consider requiring bicycle parking quantities based on square footage of developments or by number of employees/residents to adequately address the bicycle demand at each development. Manhattan Beach should also consider amending its Municipal Code to include more specific requirements on types of both short- and long-term bicycle parking facility designs, which are shown in Appendix J. Bicycle rack designs should be considered that provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. This will provide a high degree of security and support for the bicycle. Long-term bicycle parking should be in the form of:  Covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles  Lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks or  Lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers The flat top bicycle rack shown above is an example of a recommended rack type. See Appendix JJ for additional recommended bicycle rack types. Page 256 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 203 When people commute by bicycle they often sweat or become dirty from weather or road conditions. Providing changing and storing facilities encourages commuters to travel by bicycle because they have a place to clean up before work or school. Manhattan Beach’s Municipal Code should require all new mid-to-large employers, offices, and businesses to supply changing and storing facilities, such as by providing showers and clothes lockers within the buildings or arranging agreements with nearby recreation centers to allow commuters to use their facilities. Proposed end-of-trip bicycle facilities in Manhattan Beach are shown in Figure 7-3. The City should continue to provide short- term bicycle parking in the form of bicycle racks at all major trip attractors, including commercial and civic activity centers and transit hubs, and ensure that an adequate supply is available. The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at the following locations:  Parks  Schools  Commercial/office areas  Civic/government buildings  Public transit stations  Downtown Manhattan Beach  The Beach at the Pacific Ocean High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts could consider providing more secure, long- term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. Any future transit hubs and intermodal facilities could include secure bicycle parking areas as part of their design. Secure bicycle parking areas that provide services, such as bicycle rentals and repair, could be considered at major transit stations and commuter destinations. High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts could consider providing more secure, long-term bicycle parking options. Page 257 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 204 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 7-3: Manhattan Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities Page 258 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 205 7.5 Project Costs This section presents the cost to implement the proposed bicycle network in Manhattan Beach. 7.5.1 Cost Estimates displays the planning-level capital cost assumptions for each facility type proposed in this plan, and Table 7-14 displays the cost to implement the proposed network in the City of Manhattan Beach from the cost assumptions.22 Cost assumptions are based on LA County averages and may vary depending on environmental conditions of a given facility, unforeseen construction cost variations, and similar considerations. Cost assumptions exclude specific treatments that may vary by location and must be determined by field review, such as traffic calming measures, restriping of existing travel lanes, and sign removal. Cost assumptions do not include traffic signal improvements, such as changes to phasing, recalibration of loop detectors, or installation of push buttons. For detailed cost estimations, refer to the project sheets presented in Section 7.7. Table 7-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types Facility Type Description Estimated Cost23 Class I Bicycle Path Paving, striping and signage $800,000 / mile Class II Bicycle Lanes (two sides) Striping, signage, and travel lane restriping $40,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) Signage $15,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) with sharrows Pavement markings and signage $25,000 / mile Bicycle Friendly Street Pavement markings, signage, and limited traffic calming $30,000 / mile 22 Table 7-14 assumes the cost of implementing Class III Bicycle Routes with Sharrows based on the policies presented in Chapter 2 23 Cost estimates include physical removals and installations (e.g. of signs and striping), contract contingency costs, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering. The source for the unit costs is the LA County Bicycle Master Plan, which are based upon a peer review of Southern California bikeway construction unit costs. Page 259 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 206 | Alta Planning + Design Table 7-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network Facility Type Unit Cost per mile Length of Proposed Network (miles) Cost Bicycle Path $800,000 0.2 $ 192,000 Bicycle Lane $40,000 7.0 $ 280,000 Bicycle Route with sharrows $25,000 7.1 $ 179,000 Bicycle-Friendly Street $30,000 16.7 $ 502,000 Total 31.0 $ 1,153,000 7.6 Project Prioritization A prioritized list of bicycle projects will help guide the City of Manhattan Beach in implementing the proposed bicycle facilities presented in this Plan. Each proposed facility discussed in Section 7.4.1 is grouped into projects based on feasibility of implementation. Table 7-15 presents the prioritized projects based on the prioritization methodology displayed in Appendix K. Each criterion contains information about a facility and its ability to address an existing or future need in Manhattan Beach. The projects ranked the highest should be implemented first. Page 260 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 207 Table 7-15: Manhattan Beach Prioritized Bicycle Projects Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BR Valley Dr 15th St South City Limits 3 6 0 4 0 1 2 1 2 2 21BFS Marine Ave The Strand Blanch Rd 3 6 0 4 0 1 2 0 2 2 20BFS Marine Ave Ardmore Avenue Sepulveda Blvd 3 6 0 4 0 0 2 0 2 2 19BL Manhattan Beach Blvd Ardmore Avenue Aviation Blvd 3 6 0 4 0 2 2 1 0 1 19BL Rosecrans Ave Highland Ave Aviation Blvd 3 6 0 4 0 1 2 1 0 1 18BFS 1st St Manhattan Avenue John St 3 6 0 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 18BR 45th St The Strand Crest Dr 3 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 2 17BR 15th St Ocean Dr Valley Dr 3 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 2 17BFS Pacific Ave - 5th St Rosecrans Ave Ardmore Ave 0 6 0 4 0 1 1 1 1 2 16BR Highland Av 45th St 33rd St 0 3 0 2 0 2 2 1 1 2 13BFS Ocean Dr 45th St 1st St 0 3 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 2 11BFS Oak Ave Ardmore Ave Manhattan Beach Blvd 0 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 2 2 10Page 261 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 208 | Alta Planning + Design Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BR Ardmore Ave Rosecrans Ave South City Limits 0 0 0 4 0 0 2 1 1 2 10BR Manhattan Ave 15th St 1st St 0 3 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 0 10BR Manhattan Beach Blvd Ocean Dr Valley Dr 0 3 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 0 10BFS 8th St Ardmore Ave Aviation Blvd 0 0 0 4 0 1 1 0 1 2 9BFS Ardmore Ave John St Redondo Ave 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 1 1 2 9BFS Meadows Ave - Tennyson St - Prospect Ave Marine Ave Artesia Blvd 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 9BFS Voorhees Ave Peck Ave Aviation Blvd 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 9BR Rosecrans Ave The Strand Highland Ave 0 3 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 9BFS 2nd St John St East City Limits 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 2 8BR - BP - BR Redondo Ave Rosecrans Ave Marine Ave 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 8BL Marine Ave Sepulveda Blvd Aviation Blvd 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 8Page 262 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 209 Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BFS Mathews Ave Peck Ave Aviation Way 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 8BFS Harkness St Marine Ave 2nd St 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 8BFS 11th St Ardmore Ave Aviation Blvd 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 7BFS Peck Ave Manhattan Beach Blvd Artesia Blvd 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 7BR 38th Pl Highland Ave Crest Dr 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 6BFS - BP - BFS Bell Ave - Blanch Rd Rosecrans Ave Valley Dr 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5BL Aviation Blvd Rosecrans Ave South City Limits 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 5*BP=Bike Path, BL=Bike Lane, BR=Bike Route, BFS=Bike Friendly Street Page 263 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 210 | Alta Planning + Design 7.7 Project Sheets The City of Manhattan Beach selected two of its top priority projects from the previous table for more detailed concept designs. Project sheets are shown on the following pages and include:  A review of the existing site conditions  Site challenges  Recommended improvements  Estimated cost  Photos  Aerial images  Concept graphics Page 264 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 211 Manhattan Beach Project #1: Manhattan Beach Boulevard (Aviation Boulevard to the Strand) Project Site Photos Manhattan Beach Boulevard is an east-west corridor located in the center of the City of Manhattan Beach. It connects to Redondo Beach to the east and to the Marvin Braude Bikeway (The Strand) and beach to the west. Manhattan Beach Boulevard provides access to Polliwog Park, Manhattan Heights Park, Manhattan Beach Middle School, Meadows Elementary School, Pacific Elementary School, American Martyrs School, residential/commercial uses, and Downtown Manhattan Beach. There is existing on-street parking along most of the street that is highly utilized in certain segments, including Downtown Manhattan Beach and Polliwog Park. Between Aviation Boulevard and Sepulveda Boulevard, Manhattan Beach Boulevard two travel lanes in each direction and center medians. The roadway width is approximately 32 feet on each side of the median with on-street parallel parking, with exception to a short segment east of Sepulveda Boulevard where the width drops to 25 feet on the north side of the road and no on-street parking is present. From Sepulveda Boulevard to Dianthus Street, Manhattan Beach Boulevard has two travel lanes in each direction and is approximately 27 feet wide on each side of center medians with parallel on-street parking. From Dianthus Street to Pacific Avenue, Manhattan Beach Boulevard has two travel lanes in each direction and the roadway width is approximately 59 feet with parallel on-street parking. The posted speed limit between Aviation Boulevard and Pacific Avenue is 35 mph. Between Pacific Avenue and Valley Drive/Ardmore Avenue, the street has one westbound travel lane and two eastbound travel lanes. This segment of Manhattan Beach Boulevard is approximately 48 to 50 feet wide with parallel on-street parking. The posted speed limit is 30 mph. West of Valley Drive, the roadway widens to approximately 58 to 60 feet wide, has one travel lane in each direction, left turn pockets, and a mix of angled and parallel on-street parking. The posted speed limit is 25 mph. Looking west on Manhattan Beach Boulevard. Bike lanes will provide children riding to school a safer commute. Removing the additional westbound travel lane west of Pacific Avenue will allow for bicycle lanes without parking removal. Removing on-street parking spaces to install bicycle lanes will provide a safe and convenient bicycling environment. Project Challenges Manhattan Beach Boulevard has no existing bicycle facilities, thus bicyclists must share the road with relatively high volumes of vehicles, especially east of Pacific Avenue. Rolling hills can create potential conflicts between bicyclists and motorists due to the speed differential on inclines. On-street parking along Manhattan Beach Boulevard reduces the available space for bicycle facilities. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 1.8 miles of Class II Bike Lanes and signs  Install 0.3 miles of Class III Bike Route signs  Add bicycle detection and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Remove approximately 69 spaces of on-street parking between Sepulveda Boulevard and Pacific Avenue  Remove one eastbound travel lane between Pacific Avenue and Ardmore Avenue  Convert angled parking to head out angled parking west of Valley Drive  Install intersection crossing treatment at Valley Dr/Ardmore Ave Estimated Cost $110,000 Page 265 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 212 | Alta Planning + Design Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Manhattan Beach Boulevard Manhattan Beach Boulevard (Aviation Boulevard to Sepulveda Boulevard) Manhattan Beach Boulevard (Sepulveda Boulevard to the Strand) Page 266 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 213 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Manhattan Beach Boulevard Head Out Angled Parking and Intersection Crossing Markings Bicycle Loop Detector Page 267 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 214 | Alta Planning + Design Manhattan Beach Project #2: Redondo Avenue (Artesia Boulevard to Marine Avenue) Project Site Photos and Concepts Redondo Avenue is a north-south residential street located in the eastern portion of the City of Manhattan Beach with rolling hills. Redondo Avenue provides access to Marine Avenue Park, Marine Sports Complex, Manhattan Heights Park, Manhattan Beach Middle School, and Polliwog Park. North of 11th Street there is existing on-street parallel parking along both sides of Redondo Avenue. South of 11th Street there is on-street parallel parking on the northbound side only. Though private property, a connection between Marine Avenue and Rosecrans Avenue could be pursued in the future to provide a continuous route on Redondo Avenue from Redondo Beach to El Segundo (Douglas Street). Redondo Avenue has one travel lane in each direction and a striped center line. The posted speed limit is 25 mph. There are existing striped crosswalks at signalized intersections and around Manhattan Beach Middle School. Looking south on Redondo Avenue. Pavement markings and signage will alert drivers of the presence of bicyclists Median refuge islands provide bicyclists a protected space to wait for gaps in traffic. (Source: NACTO.org) Bicycle detectors at intersections will allow bicycles to trigger the signal when no vehicles are present. Project Challenges Redondo Avenue has no existing bicycle facilities, which creates potential conflicts between bicyclists and motorists. Children commuting to school and others accessing the parks by bicycle must share the road with vehicles without any treatments alerting motorists of their presence. Rolling hills create a speed differential between bicyclists and vehicular traffic and can also create conflicts. Proposed Improvements  Install signage and stripe pavement markings, such as sharrows or bike friendly street stencils  Add bicycle detection and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Construct a median refuge island at the intersection of Redondo Avenue and Artesia Boulevard  Construct bulbouts with high visibility crosswalks  Install speed feedback signs located on the steep grade between Mathews Avenue and Artesia Boulevard Estimated Cost $1,750,000 Page 268 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 215 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Redondo Avenue Redondo Avenue (Marine Ave to 8th Street) 8th Street to Artesia Blvd Page 269 of 535 Chapter Seven | Manhattan Beach 216 | Alta Planning + Design Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Redondo Avenue Bulbouts and High Visibility Crosswalk Speed Feedback Sign and Median Refuge Island Page 270 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 217 Chapter 8 Redondo Beach Page 271 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 218 | Alta Planning + Design Page 272 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 219 8 Redondo Beach This chapter presents Redondo Beach’s portion of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. It begins with a discussion of how Redondo Beach complies with Bicycle Transportation Account requirements. The chapter is then organized into the following sections:  Existing conditions  City-specific goals, policies, and implementation actions  Needs analysis  Proposed bicycle network  Project prioritization  Project costs 8.1 Bicycle Transportion Account (BTA) Compliance The Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) is an annual statewide discretionary program that funds bicycle projects through the Caltrans Bicycle Facility Unit. Available as grants to local jurisdictions, the program emphasizes projects that benefit bicycling for commuting purposes. In order for Redondo Beach to qualify for BTA funds, the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan must contain specific elements. Appendix E displays the requisite BTA components and their location within this plan in tabular form. The table includes “Approved” and “Notes/Comments” columns for the convenience of the Metro official responsible for reviewing compliance. 8.2 Existing Conditions Redondo Beach is located in the western portion of the South Bay region. It is bordered by the City of Hawthorne to the north, the City of Manhattan Beach and the City of Hermosa Beach to the west, the City of Lawndale and the City of Torrance to the east, and the City of Torrance again to the south. According to the 2000 Census, Redondo Beach has a population of 63,261. The city was incorporated in 1892. 8.2.1 Land Use Appendix A-3 displays a map of the existing land uses in the South Bay Region. Land use in Redondo Beach is shown at right. Over 60 percent of the City’s land area is devoted to residential uses, though the type of housing is varied. The City consists of 33 percent single (See Appendix A-3 for larger map) Existing Land Uses in Redondo Beach Page 273 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 220 | Alta Planning + Design family, approximately 10 percent multi-family, and about 18 percent other residential. The City of Redondo Beach does not have any proposed changes to its land uses. 8.2.2 Bicycle Trip Generators Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities or high concentrations of certain sub-populations, such as transit commuters or zero-vehicle households. Appendix A-4 shows population density in Redondo Beach. Many of the areas of highest population density are located along the beach, which is where much of the multi-family housing is located. This has the potential to generate bicycle trips as housing is nearby many key community services. There are also areas of high population density in North Redondo Beach. Population density, measured as the number of persons per acre, is a strong indicator of potential bicycle activity, because more people living in an area implies more trips to and from that area. The high population densities of urbanized environments also tend to support bicycle travel through mixed land uses, interconnected street networks, and shorter trip lengths. Appendix A-5 displays employment density in Redondo Beach. The highest employment densities are in South Redondo Beach near the beach, in North Redondo Beach along Marine Avenue, and in the eastern portion of the City along Hawthorne Boulevard. The high employment density near the beach is from general office land uses. Marine Avenue is concentrated with industrial uses and Hawthorne Boulevard has primarily commercial and service uses. These sites have the potential to generate bicycle activity, as they are located in environments with a variety of land uses where trips between uses can be shorter. Appendix A-6, Appendix A-7, and Appendix A-8 display the percent of zero-vehicle households, median annual income, and percent transit commuters by census tract. Redondo Beach has relatively high percentages of households without vehicles. The highest concentrations of these households are along the beach and in North Redondo Beach. Median annual household income is consistently between $55,001 and $75,000 (in 1999 dollars) throughout South Redondo Beach, while North Redondo Beach has High density housing has the potential to generate bicycle activity, as it is generally located in environments with a variety of land uses where trips between uses can be shorter. Photo Source: Kelly Morphy/WALC Institute for Vitality City Page 274 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 221 pockets where median annual household income is between $75,001 and $95,000. These are in the west on the border of Hermosa Beach and in the north nearer to the border. The highest percentages of transit commuters are located in South Redondo Beach and the central portion of North Redondo Beach. These parts of the city have greater potential for increased bicycling activity because residents who do not have vehicles must use alternative modes and are likely to combine bicycle and transit trips. In addition to the reasons discussed above, Redondo Beach has the potential for increased bicycle activity from bicyclists passing through on their way to destinations outside of the city. A bicycle network that is connected within Redondo Beach, as well as linked to bicycle facilities in adjacent communities, further generates bicycle traffic as it provides a viable transportation option to driving a motorized vehicle. 8.2.3 Relevant Plans and Policies Table 8-1 outlines information regarding bicycles from the City of Redondo Beach’s Circulation Element, Bicycle Transportation Plan Implementation, and Municipal Code. Page 275 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 222 | Alta Planning + Design Table 8-1: Redondo Beach Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies Document Description General Plan Circulation Element (2009) The Circulation Element contains the extensive network of existing and proposed bikeways shown in Appendix F-5 and Appendix F-6 There are four proposed Class I bikeways, two proposed Class II bikeways, and 17 proposed Class III bikeways. These are meant to fill gaps in the system and improve connections. The element mentions a Redondo Beach Sustainability Plan, which has a goal to create bicycle lanes, paths, and storage. Other Circulation Element goals and policies include:  Promote alternative modes for residents and visitors  Provide bicycle parking and support facilities as a TDM strategy  Connect North and South Redondo Beach with bicycle facilities  Focus on bicycle access at transit stations, the waterfront, South Bay Galleria, Artesia Boulevard, Riviera Village, Pacific Coast Highway retail zones, and school zones  Reduce vehicle lanes to 10 feet on residential streets to accommodate bicycle lanes  Bike lanes: minimum five feet; Truck routes/bus routes: minimum 12 feet for vehicle travel lanes; Two-way left-turn lane: minimum 14 feet edge to edge; Combination parking lane/bike lane: minimum 13 feet  Increase the provision of bike lockers, bike racks, and lighting for bike facilities  Ensure that residents will be able to bike to key destinations, such as the beach  Conduct bike ability audits and periodic bicycle counts  Apply for Safe Routes to School grants Bicycle Transportation Plan (2005) This project implements Metro’s 2006 Bicycle Transportation Strategic Plan Objective I, which is to improve access and mobility by encouraging bicycle accommodation in roadway improvements, and was submitted to Metro’s 2009 Call for Projects for funding. It outlines the implementation of bicycle improvements in the City’s Circulation Element. The project includes the design and construction of the following elements city-wide:  2.1 miles of Class II bike lanes  15.8 miles of Class III bike routes  105 video-detection cameras  101 pedestrian-push buttons  295 bicycle-facility signs  328 bike-lane symbols or sharrows  The widening of Lilienthal Lane for bicycle improvements  The narrowing of medians on Catalina Ave. from PCH to Beryl St. to provide bike lanes  The installation of a bicycle signal at westbound N. Juanita Avenue to N. Catalina at PCH where the intersection will be reconstructed to provide a bicycle-friendly cut-through at a cul-de-sac Harbor and Pier Area Guiding Principles (2006) These principles guide the development and activities in the area surrounding King Harbor and the Pier. Relevant principles include:  Ensure gateways to the Harbor and Pier area are attractive and active  Provide and enhance boating, water, recreation, entertainment, and sports related activity  Require development to be designed to encourage pedestrian activity and accommodate safe bike and pedestrian paths Municipal Code Bicycle parking requirements in the Municipal Code vary by the size of the development and type of land use as part of the City’s transportation demand and trip reduction measures. Minimum parking requirements are based Page 276 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 223 Document Description on square footage of the development. Developments of certain sizes are also required to provide information, such as bicycle maps. Detailed bicycle parking information is presented in Appendix G. The City prohibits riding bicycles on the sidewalk wherever it is determined by the Council that it creates a hazard to the public. It also prohibits riding bicycles on the Pier, on the west side of Esplanade between Knob Hill Ave and Pearl St., and in areas of high pedestrian traffic. Page 277 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 224 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 8-1: Existing Bicycle Facilities in North Redondo Beach Page 278 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 225 Figure 8-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in South Redondo Beach Page 279 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 226 | Alta Planning + Design 8.2.4 Existing Bicycle Network Figure 8-1 and Figure 8-2 show the existing bicycle facilities in Redondo Beach. Appendix A-2 displays a map of the existing bicycle facilities in the South Bay Region. Bicycle facility types are discussed in Section 1.3. Redondo Beach has a 14 mile bicycle network that includes Class I, Class II, and Class III bikeways. Its Class I bike paths are a 0.9 mile segment of the North Redondo Beach Bikeway and the Los Angeles County-maintained Marvin Braude Bikeway. Table 8-2 summarizes the classification and mileage of the existing network. Table 8-2: Redondo Beach Bicycle Network Facility Type Mileage Class I (Bike Path) 3.5 Class II (Bike Lanes) 5.9 Class III (Bike Route) 4.7 Total Mileage 14.1 8.2.5 Existing End-of-Trip Parking Facilities The BTA requires that this plan inventory publicly-accessible short-term and long-term end-of-trip bicycle facilities for the members of the bicycling public to park their bicycles, as well as change and store clothes and equipment. Short-term facilities consist of bicycle racks. Long-term facilities include, but are not limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. Existing end-of-trip bicycle facilities in the South Bay are shown in Appendix A-9. Existing bicycle parking in Redondo Beach is shown at left. These locations include the Pier and the Riviera Village. Bicycle parking at transit stations is discussed in Section 8.2.7. Redondo Beach does not currently have any existing publicly-accessible long-term end-of-trip bicycle facilities. 8.2.6 Multi-Modal Connections Transit is often best for longer trips, while bicycling is better for shorter trips. Combining transit use and bicycling can offer a high level of mobility that is comparable to travel by automobile. Appendix A-10 shows the existing Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (Metro) transit routes that serve the City of Redondo Beach. Metro operates bus lines with east-west routes in North Redondo Beach and north-south routes in South Redondo (See Appendix A-9 for larger map) Existing End-of-trip Facilities in Redondo Beach Page 280 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 227 Beach. Buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Metro also operates the Green Line Light Rail, which has one station in North Redondo Beach on Marine Avenue. Passengers are allowed to bring bicycles on the Metro Rail. LADOT operates the Commuter Express bus service. Line 438 connects the cities of El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance to Downtown Los Angeles. Most Commuter Express buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The Commuter Express Line 438 route map is shown in Appendix A-11. The City of Redondo Beach operates Beach Cities Transit (BCT). It has three lines that connect Redondo Beach to El Segundo, Hermosa Beach, Manhattan Beach, and Torrance. Appendix A-13 shows the BCT System Map. BCT buses are equipped with bike racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Torrance Transit Lines 3 and 8, operated by the City of Torrance, also serve the City of Redondo Beach. Appendix A-14 shows the Torrance Transit System Map. Buses are equipped with bike racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The BTA requires that this plan inventory existing bicycle transport and parking facilities for connecting to public transit services. These facilities include, but are not limited to, bicycle parking at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, and park and ride lots; and provisions for transporting bicycles on public transit vehicles. The Marine Avenue Metro Green Line station provides both bicycle racks and lockers, which are shown on the previous page and in Appendix A-9. Bicycle locker rentals are $24 for a six month rental plus a $50 refundable security key deposit. 8.2.7 Education and Enforcement Strategies Bicycle education programs and enforcement of bicycle-related policies help to make riding safer for all bicyclists. To promote safe bicycling, Redondo Beach regularly conducts child bicycle helmet safety awareness campaigns as part of the police department’s annual work plan by:  Conducting media outreach via cable television and the internet  Working with the school district and crossing guards to distribute helmet safety info to kids  Partnering with local businesses Metro operates the Green Line Light Rail, which has one station in North Redondo Beach on Marine Avenue. Page 281 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 228 | Alta Planning + Design  Distributing free coupons to kids who obey the law Redondo Beach police officers use their discretion to conduct enforcement of bicycle rules. Typically, complaints about bicyclists who violate the law increase during summer months and the City focuses enforcement based upon these complaints. In response, the police department has conducted outreach prior to conducting enforcement operations. The outreach has included the following:  Placement of message signboards at strategic locations to warn bicyclists of enforcement  Providing targeted enforcement literature to local bike shops  Posting information on bicycle blogs to inform bicyclists of pending enforcement details Redondo Beach also conducted a bicycle rodeo in 2011 to promote safe bicycling to children. 8.2.8 Past Bicycle-Related Expenditures The City of Redondo Beach has incurred the following bicycle expenditures between 2000 and 2010. The expenditures total to $1,457,365.  $12,000 for a Class II facility on Catalina Ave (Esplanade to Beryl St) and a Class III facility on Esplanade (Knob Hill Ave to Catalina Ave) in 2008  $1,422,465 for Class I, II, and III facilities for the North Redondo Beach Bikeway in 2008  $7,000 for type D loops on Inglewood Ave (Artesia Blvd to Manhattan Beach Blvd) in 2009  $7,500 for type D loops on Prospect Ave (Palos Verdes Blvd to Pearl St) in 2010  $3,000 for type D loops as part of a residential rehabilitation project in 2010  $3,000 for type D loops on Palos Verdes Blvd (Avenue F to East City Limits) in 2010  $2,400 for bicycle racks at the Pier and Riviera Village between 2008 and 2010 Redondo Beach spent over $1.4 million between 2000 and 2010 to install bicycle facilities and bicycle support facilities. Photo Source: Dan Burden/WALC Institute for Vitality City Page 282 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 229 8.3 Needs Analysis This section describes the needs of bicyclists in Redondo Beach. It first summarizes feedback collected from the online survey and public workshops. The section also provides estimates and forecasts of bicycle commuting to determine the estimated bicycling demand in the city. It finally analyzes bicycle collision data between 2007 and 2009 to identify areas that would benefit from bicycle facility improvements. 8.3.1 Public Outreach As mentioned in Chapter 1, the public had the opportunity to provide input in the planning process through an online survey and the first round of public workshops. This section summarizes locations in Redondo Beach that the community identified as desirable for bikeways. The locations that the public identified the most frequently as needed bicycle facilities in Redondo Beach include the following:  Aviation Boulevard  Pacific Coast Highway  King Harbor  Prospect Avenue  Torrance Boulevard 8.3.2 Bicycle Commuter Estimates and Forecasts United States Census “Commuting to Work” data provides an indication of current bicycle system usage. Appendix A-15 shows the percent bicycle commuters in Redondo Beach by census tract. The highest percentage of bicycle commuters is located in the southeastern portion of the City on the border with Torrance. Table 8-3 presents commute to work data estimates reported by the 2000 US Census for Redondo Beach. For comparative purposes, the table includes commute to work data for the United States, California, and County of Los Angeles. According to the estimates, 0.8 percent of residents in Redondo Beach commute predominantly by bicycle. This is comparable with the percentage of bicycle commuters in California, and it is higher than Los Angeles County and the United States as a whole. It is important to note that this figure likely underestimates the true amount of bicycling that occurs in Redondo Beach for several reasons. Data reflects respondents’ dominant commute mode and therefore does not capture trips to school, for errands, or other bike trips that would The locations that the public identified the most frequently as needed bicycle facilities in Redondo Beach included Prospect Avenue. Page 283 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 230 | Alta Planning + Design supplant vehicular trips. Also, US Census data collection methods only enable a respondent to select one mode of travel, thus excluding bicycle trips if they constitute part of a longer multimodal trip. The percentage of commuters in Redondo Beach that commute by transit is much lower than that of those that drive alone. Redondo Beach also has a low percentage of carpooling and walking. In addition to bicycle commuters in Redondo Beach, bicyclists from neighboring communities use the city’s bicycle network to reach their destinations and are not reflected in this data. This Plan addresses the need for regional connectivity to accommodate bicyclists passing through Redondo Beach’s bicycle network in Section 8.4. Table 8-3: Means of Transportation to Work Mode United States California Los Angeles County Redondo Beach Bicycle 0.38% 0.83% 0.62% 0.81% Drove Alone – car, truck, or van 75.70% 71.82% 70.36% 83.35% Carpool – car, truck, or van 12.19% 14.55% 15.08% 7.43% Transit 4.73% 5.07% 6.58% 1.47% Walked 2.93% 2.85% 2.93% 1.41% Other Means 0.70% 0.79% 0.76% 0.66% Worked at Home 3.26% 3.83% 3.49% 4.27% Source: US Census 2000 Table 8-4 presents an estimate of current bicycling within Redondo Beach using US Census data along with several adjustments for likely bicycle commuter underestimations, as discussed above. Table 8-5 presents the associated air quality benefits from bicycling. Page 284 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 231 Table 8-4: Existing Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Existing study area population 63,261 2000 US Census, P1 Existing employed population 37,661 2000 US Census, P30 Existing bike-to-work mode share 0.8% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of bike-to-work commuters 305 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Existing work-at-home mode share 4.3% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of work-at-home bike commuters 161 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Existing transit-to-work mode share 1.5% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing transit bicycle commuters 138 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Existing school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 5,650 2000 US Census, P8 Existing school children bicycling mode share 2.0% National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Existing school children bike commuters 113 School children population multiplied by school children bike mode share Existing number of college students in study area 5,136 2000 US Census, PCT24 Existing estimated college bicycling mode share 5.0% Review of bicycle commute share in seven university communities (source: National Bicycling & Walking Study, FHWA, Case Study No. 1, 1995), review of bicycle commute mode share at the University of California, Los Angeles Existing college bike commuters 257 College student population multiplied by college student bicycling mode share Existing total number of bike commuters 974 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian bike trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 1,948 Total bicycle commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 285 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 232 | Alta Planning + Design Table 8-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Current Estimated VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 587 Assumes 73% of bicycle trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 153,321 Reduced weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 4,280 Assumes average round trip travel length of 5 miles for adults/college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 1,117,149 Reduced weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Current Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 13 Daily mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 9 Daily mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 117 Daily mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 3,482 Daily mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 3,350 Yearly mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 13 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 12 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 2,340 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 30,540 Yearly mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/yr) 908,807 Yearly mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. Table 8-6 presents projected year 2030 bicycling activity within Redondo Beach using California Department of Finance population and school enrollment projections. The projection contains the assumption that bicycle mode share will double by 2030, due in part to bicycle network implementation. Actual bicycle mode share in 2030 will depend on many factors, including the extent of network implementation. Table 8-7 presents the associated year Page 286 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 233 2030 air quality benefit forecasts. The calculations follow in a straightforward manner from the Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand. Table 8-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Future study area population 78,724 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050. Future employed population 46,866 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050, Future bike-to-work mode share 1.6% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of bike-to-work commuters 759 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Future work-at-home mode share 8.0% Calculated based on change in mode share from 1990 US Census, P49, to 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of work-at-home bike commuters 376 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Future transit-to-work mode share 2.9% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future transit bicycle commuters 344 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Future school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 4,490 Calculated from CA Dept. of Finance, California Public K–12 Graded Enrollment and High School Graduate Projections by County, 2010 Series. Future school children bicycling mode share 4.0% Double the rate of national school commute trends. National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Future school children bike commuters 180 School children population multiplied by school children bicycling mode share Future number of college students in study area 6,391 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000- 2050, Sacramento, California, July 2007. Future estimated college bicycling mode share 7.0% A slight increase over the existing college bicycle mode share assumption, commensurate with projected increases in bicycling for other populations Future college bike commuters 447 College student population x college student bicycling mode share Future total number of bike commuters 2,107 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian biking trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 4,214 Total bike commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 287 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 234 | Alta Planning + Design Table 8-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Forecasted VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 1,251 Assumes 73% of biking trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 326,430 Reduced number of weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 9,339 Assumes average round trip travel length of 8 miles for adults / college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 2,437,547 Reduced number of weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Forecasted Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 28 Daily mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 20 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 255 Daily mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 7,598 Daily mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 7,308 Yearly mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 28 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 26 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 5,105 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 66,636 Yearly mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced CO2 (lbs/yr) 1,982,959 Yearly mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. This model uses the latest state projections for population growth and reasonable assumptions about future bicycle ridership. The benefits model predicts that the total number of bicycle commute trips could increase from the current daily estimate of about 2,000 to approximately 4,200, resulting in a substantial reduction of both Page 288 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 235 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and associated emissions. This includes a yearly emissions reduction by 2030 of approximately 5,100 pounds of smog forming N0X and roughly 2 million pounds of C02, the principal gas associated with global climate change. Providing bicycle facilities will encourage new bicyclists to begin to ride, thus positively impacting air quality by reducing harmful pollutants from driving motorized vehicles. Because this plan recommends local connections throughout and regional links between the participating cities, it has the potential to have even greater air quality benefits. Bicyclists may not need to rely as heavily on vehicles for transportation because bicycling will be a viable transportation alternative upon implementation of this Plan. 8.3.3 Bicycle Counts To assess bicycling levels at different sites throughout Redondo Beach, volunteers conducted bicycle counts, in which they manually recorded the number of bicyclists that rode by. 8.3.3.1 Methodology The methodology for the bicycle counts derives from the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project (NBPD), a collaborative effort of Alta Planning + Design and the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The NBPD methodology aims to capture both utilitarian bicycling and recreational bicycling. The NBPD also provides guidance on how to select count locations. Volunteers conducted bicycle counts in each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay on Thursday, November 4, 2010 from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and Saturday, November 6, 2010 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. These dates are meant to capture volumes of bicyclists on a typical weekday and weekend day. Fall is an appropriate time to conduct bicycle counts in California because school is back in session and vacations are typically over. In Redondo Beach, volunteers were stationed at three stations on Thursday and five stations on Saturday. There were 36 total locations in the South Bay region on each day. The count locations were selected in partnership by city staff, Alta Planning + Design, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition staff, and South Bay Bicycle Coalition board members. This snapshot of locations is meant to capture a diverse bicycling population using the roads and streets that span the spectrum of bike-friendliness. (See Appendix A-16 for a larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekday Bicycle Count Results in Redondo Beach (See Appendix A-17 for a larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekend Bicycle Count Results in Redondo Beach Page 289 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 236 | Alta Planning + Design 8.3.3.2 Results The count results for the South Bay are displayed in Appendix A- 16 and Appendix A-17. Count results for Redondo Beach are shown at right. Detailed count data, including a list of count locations, is presented in Appendix H. On Thursday, the Redondo Beach station that experienced the highest volume was Harbor Drive and Beryl Street with 499 bicyclists during the three hour count period. The other two stations had fewer than 100 bicyclists each. The station with the most bicyclists on Saturday was Herondo Street and the Strand with 732 bicyclists during the three hour count period. On both days, the locations with the highest numbers of bicyclists in the South Bay region as a whole were those along the Strand on the County-maintained Marvin Braude Bikeway. Apart from the Strand stations, the inland count locations in Lawndale and Gardena experienced the most riders during the week. On the weekend, there were overall fewer riders in the inland count stations and more riders along the coast. This suggests that more bicyclists ride a bicycle for commuting during the week and for recreation on the weekend. In the region as a whole, about 83 percent of bicyclists were male. Approximately 70 percent of those observed did not wear helmets and 41 percent rode on the sidewalks. On Thursday, there were 18 locations at which over half of the observed bicyclists rode on the sidewalk and on Saturday there were nine. Riding on the sidewalk can be an indicator of a lack of bicycle facilities, as bicyclists that are uncomfortable riding with traffic may choose to ride on the sidewalk instead. 8.3.4 Bicycle Collision Analysis Safety is a major concern for both existing and potential bicyclists. Concern about safety is the most common reason given for not riding a bicycle (or riding more often), according to national surveys. Identifying bicycle collision sites can draw attention to areas that warrant improvement, particularly if multiple collisions occur at the same location. This analysis employs the most reliable data source available, the California Highway Patrol’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System. The data set only includes reported collisions, and so represents a subset of all the bicycle collisions in Redondo Beach. This data does not include any assessment of conditions present at the time of the collision. There are numerous factors that may contribute to a given incident Bicycle Collisions in Redondo Beach 2007- 2009 (See Appendix A-18 for larger map) Page 290 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 237 including but not limited to time of day, visibility, distractions, obstacles or traffic law obedience. This data simply reflects reported incidents, resulting injuries and the party at fault. This data does not infer faulty infrastructure, but rather provides a baseline of collisions that often decreases in correlation with bike plan implementation and the improvements to facilities and road user behavior and awareness that accompanies it. Fault as determined by law enforcement is discussed below. Table 8-8 presents the number of reported collisions involving bicyclists, number of bicyclists involved, and severity of the bicycle collisions for three consecutive years: 2007, 2008, and 2009. Appendix A-18 shows locations of bicycle collisions in the South Bay region in the same time period. Bicycle collisions in Redondo Beach are shown on the preceding page. There were 80 total reported collisions involving bicyclists from 2007-2009 in the City of Redondo Beach. There were four collisions at the intersection of Artesia Boulevard and Aviation Boulevard, on the border of Manhattan Beach and Redondo Beach. There were also 12 collisions on Artesia Boulevard and 14 collisions on Pacific Coast Highway. Table 8-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 Total Crashes Involving Bicyclists Number of Bicyclists Involved Persons Injured Persons Severely Injured Persons Killed 80 84 80 3 0 Source: California Highway Patrol, Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) As reported by police officers in traffic reports, bicyclists were at fault in 48 percent of collisions involving bicycles (38 crashes) in this time period. Providing bicycle facilities encourages more people to ride. When motorists begin to look for and expect to see bicyclists, collisions between vehicles and bicyclists are reduced. The City of New York, for example, reported that as ridership increased between 1998 and 2008, the number of annual casualties from bicycle collisions decreased (see Appendix B). Appendix A-1 displays estimated weekday traffic volumes in Redondo Beach. The streets with the highest volumes of vehicles are Aviation Boulevard, Inglewood Avenue, Pacific Coast Highway, Manhattan Beach Boulevard, Artesia Boulevard, and 190th Street. Artesia Boulevard, Aviation Boulevard, and Pacific Coast Highway all had a high number of collisions involving bicycles. Pacific Coast Page 291 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 238 | Alta Planning + Design Highway is the only high volume street with a bicycle facility; it has a Class III bike route. Bicyclists must share lanes with vehicular traffic, creating the potential for conflicts between the two modes. Installing bicycle facilities, especially on major arterials, could reduce the number and severity of collisions involving bicyclists. 8.4 Proposed Bicycle Network This section presents the proposed bicycle network for the City of Redondo Beach, which includes bicycle parking facilities. Upon implementation of the proposed network, the City should coordinate and collaborate with adjacent participating South Bay cities to emphasize a regional bicycle network. Bicycle facilities discussed in this Plan are described in Section 1.3 and shown in Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4. Appendix C outlines the recommended standards for each facility classification as compared to minimum standards. In addition to creating a comprehensive network of bikeways in Redondo Beach, the recommended system ties into the proposed bicycle facilities for the other South Bay participating cities to create a connected regional network. This will give bicyclists from adjacent communities the opportunity to pass through Redondo Beach to reach their destinations without losing bicycle facilities at city boundaries. Bikeway recommendations are also based on the existing City bicycle plans, public input, topography, traffic volumes, and traffic speeds. 8.4.1 Proposed Bikeway Facilities The proposed bikeway network in the City of Redondo Beach consists of Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets, and is shown in Figure 8-3 and Figure 8-4. The proposed bicycle network in Redondo Beach connects with the recommended networks in Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Lawndale, and Torrance. Figure 8-3 shows blue asterisks on the proposed path along the Metro Green Line Extension as it is outside the jurisdiction of this Plan, but is a supported improvement. The proposed bicycle network for the South Bay region as a whole is presented in Appendix A-19. Four tables identify the streets on which facilities are proposed, the extents of each proposed facility, and the length in miles of each proposed facility. Table 8-9 lists the proposed bicycle paths, Table 8-10 lists the proposed bicycle lanes, Table 8-11 lists the proposed bicycle routes, and Table 8-12 lists the proposed bicycle-friendly streets. The proposed bikeway network in the City of Redondo Beach consists of Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets. Page 292 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 239 Table 8-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Redondo Beach Street From To Miles Harbor Dr Herondo St Existing Bike Path 0.8 Flagler Ln Towers St Diamond St 0.1 Total Bicycle Path Mileage 0.8 Table 8-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Redondo Beach Street From To Miles Prospect Ave North City Limits Pacific Coast Highway 3.0 Knob Hill Ave Esplanade Pacific Coast Highway 0.4 Torrance Blvd West End East City Limits 0.9 Inglewood Ave Marine Ave Ripley Ave 1.8 Artesia Blvd West City Limits Hawthorne Blvd 2.3 Catalina Ave Torrance Blvd Palos Verdes Blvd 1.6 Juanita Ave - Del Amo Blvd Diamond St East City Limits 0.3 Marine Ave Aviation Blvd Inglewood Ave 1.0 Ripley Ave Lilienthal Ln Inglewood Ave 0.3 Beryl St Harbor Dr 190th St 1.5 Catalina Ave Pacific Coast Highway Beryl St 0.5 Sepulveda Blvd Prospect Ave West City Limits 0.3 Avenue I Esplanade Catalina Ave 0.1 Manhattan Beach Blvd Aviation Blvd Inglewood Ave 1.0 Herondo St Harbor Dr Pacific Coast Highway 0.4 Lilienthal Ln Ripley Ave Fisk Ln 0.4 Aviation Blvd Marine Ave Harper Ave (City Limit) 1.7 190th St Blossom Ln East City Limits 1.3 Redondo Beach Blvd Artesia Blvd Hawthorne Blvd 0.2 Total Bicycle Lane Mileage 18.9 Table 8-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Redondo Beach Street From To Miles Ripley Ave Flagler Ln Lilienthal Ln 0.9 Emerald St Catalina Ave Prospect Ave 0.7 Yacht Club Way West end Harbor Dr 0.1 Portofina Way West end Harbor Dr 0.2 Ford Ave - Herrin St - Ormond Ln Artesia Blvd Aviation Blvd 0.5 Sepulveda Blvd Torrance Blvd Prospect Ave 0.7 182nd St Felton Ave Hawthorne Blvd 0.6 Page 293 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 240 | Alta Planning + Design Street From To Miles Kingsdale Ave Artesia Blvd 182nd St 0.5 Anita St Pacific Coast Highway Blossom Ln 0.9 Francisca Ave Herondo St Catalina Ave 0.3 Palos Verdes Blvd South City Limits East City Limits 0.9 Knob Hill Ave Pacific Coast Highway Camino Real 0.5 Juanita Ave Pacific Coast Highway Diamon 0.5 Flagler Ln Anita St Beryl St 0.2 Beland Bl - Phelan Ln Barkley Ln White Circle 0.1 Total Bicycle Route Mileage 7.5 Table 8-12: Proposed Bicycle Friendly Streets in Redondo Beach Street From To Miles Flagler Ln - Diamond St Beryl St Prospect Ave 0.1 Flagler Ln Artesia Blvd Anita St 1.0 Ave C - Juanita Ave - Ave D - Helberta Ave Esplanade Prospect Ave 0.9 Warfield Ave Aviation Blvd Redondo Beach Ave 0.5 Vanderbilt Ln Flagler Ln Inglewood Ave 1.0 Rindge Ln Warfield Ave 190th St 1.9 Ralston Ln - Firmona Ave Meyer Ln 190th St 0.9 Mathews Av Aviation Way Inglewood Ave 1.1 Voorhees Ave Aviation Blvd Inglewood Ave 1.1 Robinson St Aviation Blvd Inglewood Ave 1.1 Meyer Ln Ripley Ave 190th St 0.3 Helberta Ave - El Redondo Vincent St Torrance Blvd 0.5 Farrell Ave Aviation Blvd Rindge Ln 0.3 Total Bicycle-Friendly Street Mileage 10.9 There are several opportunities and constraints to recommending new bicycle facilities in Redondo Beach. These are shown on the following page and are referenced by the numbers in Appendix I. Appendix I also presents opportunities and constraints in the South Bay region as a whole. Opportunities include a proposed Class I bikeway on Harbor Drive and a proposed Class II bikeway on Catalina Avenue. See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. Page 294 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 241 One constraint is “The Wall” on the Strand at the border of Hermosa Beach and Redondo Beach. This wall severs the Marvin Braude Bikeway at the Hermosa Beach-Redondo Beach border. South-bound bicyclists are forced to make a sharp 90-degree turn and are led out to the bike lanes on Harbor Drive. This plan recommends the removal of the wall and that parking lot 13 in Redondo Beach be partially utilized to accommodate a short extension of the Class I facility that will lead to Harbor Drive in a safer and more navigable way. A second constraint is a proposed Class II bikeway on Artesia Boulevard. Artesia Boulevard between Aviation Boulevard and the city’s eastern boundary has undergone an extensive streetscape improvement in recent history. These improvements included an extensively landscaped center median and bulb-outs. As such, this facility is one that can be considered in any future streetscape improvements that might be implemented along Artesia Boulevard in the years to come. A third constraint is a proposed Class II bikeway along Redondo Beach Boulevard from Hawthorne Boulevard to Artesia Boulevard in Lawndale/Redondo Beach. This segment experiences high vehicular traffic volumes due to the South Bay Galleria, which creates a challenging environment for bicyclists. Upon plan implementation, Lawndale and Redondo Beach should work together to design a facility that provides safety for bicyclists. (See Appendix I for larger map) Opportunities and Constraints in Redondo Beach Page 295 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 242 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 8-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in North Redondo Beach Page 296 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 243 Figure 8-4: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in South Redondo Beach Page 297 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 244 | Alta Planning + Design 8.4.2 Proposed End-of-Trip Bicycle Facilities Support facilities and connections to other modes of transportation are essential components of a bicycle system because they enhance safety and convenience for bicyclists at the end of every trip. With nearly all utilitarian and many recreational bike trips, bicyclists need secure and well-located bicycle parking. A comprehensive bicycle parking strategy is one of the most important things that a jurisdiction can apply to immediately enhance the bicycling environment. Moreover, a bicycle parking strategy with connections to public transit will further the geographical range of residents traveling without using an automobile. The Redondo Beach Municipal Code currently provides bicycle parking requirements for non-residential developments. The City should amend its Municipal Code to include bicycle parking requirements at new and retrofitted multi-family residential, commercial, office, and mixed-use developments of all sizes. The Municipal Code should also require bicycle parking quantities based on square footage of developments or by number of employees/residents to adequately address the bicycle demand at each development. Redondo Beach should also amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of both short- and long-term bicycle parking facility designs, which are shown in Appendix J. Bicycle rack designs should include racks that provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. This will provide a high degree of security and support for the bicycle. Long-term bicycle parking should be in the form of:  Covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles  Lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks or  Lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers When people commute by bicycle they often sweat or become dirty from weather or road conditions. Providing changing and storing facilities encourages commuters to travel by bicycle because they have a place to clean up before work or school. Redondo Beach’s Municipal Code should require all new mid-to-large employers, offices, and businesses to supply changing and storing facilities, such as by providing showers and clothes lockers within the Redondo Beach should amend its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of both short- and long- term bicycle parking facility designs. Page 298 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 245 buildings or arranging agreements with nearby recreation centers to allow commuters to use their facilities. Proposed end-of-trip bicycle facilities in Redondo Beach are shown in Figure 8-5 and Figure 8-6. The City should continue to provide short-term bicycle parking in the form of bicycle racks at all major trip attractors, including commercial and civic activity centers and transit hubs, and ensure that an adequate supply is available. The City should prioritize the installation of bicycle parking throughout the city, with particular attention directed at the following locations:  Parks  Schools  Commercial/office areas  Civic/government buildings  Public transit stations High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts should provide more secure, long-term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. Any future transit hubs and intermodal facilities should include secure bicycle parking areas as part of their design. Secure bicycle parking areas that provide services, such as bicycle rentals and repair, should be considered at major transit stations and commuter destinations. 8.5 Project Costs This section presents the cost to implement the proposed bicycle network in Redondo Beach. 8.5.1 Cost Estimates Table 8-13 displays the planning-level capital cost assumptions for each facility type proposed in this plan and Table 8-14 displays the cost to implement the proposed network in the City of Redondo Beach from the cost assumptions.24 Cost assumptions are based on LA County averages and may vary depending on environmental conditions of a given facility, unforeseen construction cost variations, and similar considerations. Cost assumptions exclude specific treatments that may vary by location and must be determined by field review, such as traffic calming measures, restriping of existing travel lanes, and sign removal. 24 Table 8-14 assumes the cost of implementing Class III Bicycle Routes with Sharrows based on the policies presented in Chapter 2 High-activity locations such as transit stations, offices, and major commercial districts should provide more secure, long-term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. Page 299 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 246 | Alta Planning + Design Figure 8-5: North Redondo Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities Page 300 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 247 Figure 8-6: South Redondo Beach Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities Page 301 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 248 | Alta Planning + Design Cost assumptions do not include traffic signal improvements, such as changes to phasing, recalibration of loop detectors, or installation of push buttons. For detailed cost estimations, refer to the project sheets presented in Section 8.7. Table 8-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types Facility Type Description Estimated Cost Class I Bicycle Path Paving, striping and signage $800,000 / mile Class II Bicycle Lanes (two sides) Striping, signage, and travel lane restriping $40,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) Signage $15,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) with sharrows Pavement markings and signage $25,000 / mile Bicycle Friendly Street Pavement markings, signage, and limited traffic calming $30,000 / mile Table 8-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network Facility Type Unit Cost per mile Length of Proposed Network (miles) Cost Bicycle Path $800,000 0.8 $ 672,000 Bicycle Lane $40,000 15.9 $ 636,000 Bicycle Route with sharrows $25,000 10.4 $ 259,000 Bicycle-Friendly Street $30,000 10.9 $ 328,000 Total 38.0 $ 1,895,000 8.6 Project Prioritization A prioritized list of bicycle projects will help guide the City of Redondo Beach in implementing the proposed bicycle facilities presented in this Plan. Each proposed facility discussed in Section 8.4.1 is grouped into projects based on feasibility of implementation. Table 8-15 presents the prioritized projects based on the prioritization methodology displayed in Appendix K. Each criterion contains information about a facility and its ability to address an existing or future need in Redondo Beach. The projects ranked the highest should be implemented first. Page 302 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 249 Table 8-15: Redondo Beach Prioritized Bicycle Projects Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BL Torrance Blvd West End East City Limits 6 6 0 4 0 2 2 2 1 2 25BP Harbor Dr Herondo St Existing Bike Path 6 6 0 4 0 1 2 2 0 2 23BL Inglewood Ave Marine Ave Ripley Ave 0 6 0 4 2 2 2 2 0 2 20BL Artesia Blvd West City Limits Hawthorne Blvd 0 6 0 4 4 2 2 1 0 0 19BL Catalina Ave Torrance Blvd Palos Verdes Blvd 3 6 0 2 0 2 2 2 1 1 19BL Juanita Ave - Del Amo Blvd Pacific Coast Highway East City Limits 3 6 0 2 0 1 2 1 2 2 19BR Ripley Ave Flagler Ln Lilienthal Ln 3 6 0 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 18BL - BR Knob Hill Ave Esplanade Camino Real 3 6 0 4 0 2 1 1 1 0 18BL Marine Ave Aviation Blvd Inglewood Ave 0 6 0 0 4 1 2 2 1 2 18BL Ripley Ave Lilienthal Ln Inglewood Ave 3 6 0 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 18BL Beryl St Harbor Dr 190th St 3 6 0 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 18BL Prospect Ave North City Limits Pacific Coast Highway 3 6 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 2 17BL Catalina Ave Pacific Coast Highway Beryl St 3 6 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 17BL Sepulveda Blvd Prospect Ave West City Limits 3 6 0 2 0 1 2 1 2 0 17BL Avenue I Esplanade Catalina Ave 3 6 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 2 17BL Lilienthal Ln Ripley Ave Fisk Ln 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 17BFS Warfield Ave Aviation Blvd Vail Ave 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 17BR Beland Bl - Phelan Ln Barkley Ln White Cir 6 6 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 17BL Manhattan Beach Blvd Aviation Blvd Inglewood Ave 0 6 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 2 16Page 303 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 250 | Alta Planning + Design Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BR - BFS - BP - BFS Flagler Ln - Diamond St Anita St Prospect Ave 3 6 0 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 16BR Emerald St Catalina Ave Prospect Ave 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 13BR 182nd St Felton Ave Hawthorne Blvd 0 0 0 4 2 1 0 2 2 2 13BR Juanita Ave Pacific Coast Highway Diamond Street 3 6 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 13BL Aviation Blvd Marine Ave Harper Ave (City Limit) 0 6 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 13BFS Ave C - Juanita Ave - Ave D - Helberta Ave Esplanade Prospect Ave 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 13BFS Vanderbilt Ln Flagler Ln Inglewood Ave 0 6 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 13BFS Rindge Ln Warfield Ave 190th St 0 6 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 13BR Kingsdale Ave Artesia Blvd 182nd St 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 2 2 12BL 190th St Blossom Ln East City Limits 0 6 0 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 12BL Redondo Beach Blvd Artesia Blvd Hawthorne Blvd 0 0 0 4 2 0 2 1 2 1 12BR Camino Real Torrance Blvd Prospect Ave 0 3 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 11BFS Ralston Ln - Firmona Ave Meyer Ln 190th St 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 11BFS Mathews Av Aviation Way Inglewood Ave 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 11BR Anita St Pacific Coast Highway Blossom Ln 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 2 10BFS Voorhees Ave Aviation Blvd Inglewood Ave 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 10BFS Robinson St Aviation Blvd Inglewood Ave 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 10BR Yacht Club West end Harbor Dr 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 9Page 304 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 251 Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total Way BR Portofino Way West end Harbor Dr 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 9BR Ford Ave - Herrin St - Ormond Ln Artesia Blvd Aviation Blvd 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 9BL Herondo St Harbor Dr Pacific Coast Highway 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 9BFS Meyer Ln Ripley Ave 190th St 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 8BFS Helberta Ave - El Redondo Vincent St Torrance Blvd 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 8BR Francisca Ave Herondo St Catalina Ave 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 7BR Palos Verdes Blvd South City Limits East City Limits 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 2 7BFS Farrell Ave Aviation Blvd Rindge Ln 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 5*BP=Bike Path, BL=Bike Lane, BR=Bike Route, BFS=Bike Friendly Street Page 305 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 252 | Alta Planning + Design 8.7 Project Sheets The City of Redondo Beach selected two of its top priority projects from the previous table for more detailed concept designs. Project sheets are shown on the following pages and include:  A review of the existing site conditions  Site challenges  Recommended improvements  Estimated cost  Photos  Aerial images  Concept graphics Page 306 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 253 Redondo Beach Project #1: Catalina Avenue (Torrance Boulevard to Palos Verdes Boulevard Project Site Photos Catalina Avenue is a north-south corridor located in the western portion of the City of Redondo Beach. It connects to existing bike lanes on Catalina Avenue to the north and proposed facilities in the City of Torrance to the south. Catalina Avenue provides access to Veterans Park, a variety of residential and commercial uses, and Downtown Redondo Beach. There is existing on-street parking along most of Catalina Avenue that is highly utilized. Catalina Avenue has a posted speed limit of 35 mph. From Torrance Boulevard to Avenue I, Catalina Avenue has two travel lanes in each direction and on-street parallel parking. Between Torrance Boulevard and Pearl Street, Catalina Avenue decreases from a roadway width of approximately 86 feet to 60 feet, including a center median, to accommodate turn pockets at Torrance Boulevard. From Pearl Street to Knob Hill Avenue, the roadway width drops to approximately 55 feet. Between Avenue H and Avenue I, the roadway width increases to approximately 78 feet. Catalina Avenue has one travel lane in each direction south of Avenue I and there is a mix of on-street parallel and angled parking. The roadway width is approximately 78 feet. Angled parking creates potential conflicts between bicyclists and motorists because it is difficult for drivers to see bicyclists when backing out of parking spaces. Project Challenges This segment of Catalina Avenue has no existing bicycle facilities, thus bicyclists must share the road with vehicular traffic. On-street parking where the roadway narrows reduces the available space for bicycle facilities. Angled parking creates potential conflicts between bicyclists and motorists because it is difficult for drivers to see bicyclists when backing out of parking spaces. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 1.6 miles of Class II Bike Lanes and signs  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Conduct a road diet to convert cross-section to one travel lane in each direction and a center turn lane between Torrance Boulevard and Knob Hill Avenue (0.7 miles)  Convert angled parking to head out angled parking south of Avenue I Estimated Cost $200,000 Removing a travel lane north of Knob Hill Avenue will allow for bicycle lanes without removing highly utilized parking. Proposed bike lanes on Catalina Avenue will connect with existing bike lanes on Catalina Avenue north of Torrance Blvd. Page 307 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 254 | Alta Planning + Design Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Catalina Avenue Catalina Avenue (Torrance Boulevard to Avenue B) Catalina Avenue (Avenue B to Palos Verdes Boulevard) Page 308 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 255 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Catalina Avenue Road Diet (4 to 3 Lanes) Head Out Angled Parking Page 309 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 256 | Alta Planning + Design Redondo Beach Project #2: Prospect Avenue (Anita Street to Pacific Coast Highway) Project Site Photos Prospect Avenue is a north-south road located in the south-eastern portion of the City of Redondo Beach. It connects to a proposed bike friendly street on Prospect Avenue in Hermosa Beach to the north and to an existing Class III Bike Route in Torrance to the south. Prospect Avenue provides access to Redondo Shores High School, Parras Middle School, and Tulita School. There is existing on-street parking along much of Prospect Avenue on one or both sides of the street that is moderately utilized. The posted speed limit is 35 mph. Between Anita Street and Torrance Boulevard, Prospect Avenue has two lanes in each direction and a center turn lane. The roadway width ranges from approximately 61 to 65 feet. North of Del Amo Street, there is only on-street parking on the west side of Prospect Avenue. Between Beryl Street and Diamond Street, there is a center median. From Torrance Boulevard to Pacific Coast Highway, there are two travel lanes in each direction, and between Camino Real and Knob Hill Avenue, there is also a center turn lane. From Torrance Boulevard to Palos Verdes Boulevard, the roadway width of Prospect Avenue is approximately 62 to 64 feet. South of Palos Verdes Boulevard to Avenue E, the roadway width drops to approximately 46 feet and has no on-street parking. From Avenue E to Pacific Coast Highway, the roadway widens to approximately 55 feet and has parking on both sides of the street. Looking south on Prospect Avenue. Removing a travel lane in each direction will provide adequate space for bike lanes. Bike lanes on Prospect Avenue will create a safer bicycling environment for children riding to school. Bicycle loop detectors at signalized intersections will allow bicyclists to trigger the signal when no vehicles are present. Project Challenges Prospect Avenue has no existing bicycle facilities, which creates potential conflicts between bicyclists and motorists. There are few existing treatments to create a safe bicycling environment for children riding to school. The existing cross-section configuration limits the space available to install bicycle facilities. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 3 miles of Class II Bike Lanes and signs  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Conduct a road diet to convert cross-section to one travel lane in each direction and a center turn lane (3 miles)  Add an additional parking lane where space permits Estimated Cost $625,000 Page 310 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 257 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Prospect Avenue Prospect Avenue (Anita Street to Torrance Boulevard) Prospect Avenue (Torrance Boulevard to Pacific Coast Highway) Page 311 of 535 Chapter Eight | Redondo Beach 258 | Alta Planning + Design Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Prospect Avenue Bike Lane Adjacent to On-street Parking and Buffered Bike Lane Bicycle Loop Detectors Page 312 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 259 Chapter 9 Torrance Page 313 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 260 | Alta Planning + Design Page 314 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 261 9 Torrance This chapter presents Torrance’s portion of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. It begins with a discussion of how Torrance complies with Bicycle Transportation Account requirements. The chapter is then organized into the following sections:  Existing conditions  City-specific goals, policies, and implementation actions  Needs analysis  Proposed bicycle network  Project prioritization  Project costs 9.1 Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) Compliance The Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) is an annual statewide discretionary program that funds bicycle projects through the Caltrans Bicycle Facility Unit. Available as grants to local jurisdictions, the program emphasizes projects that benefit bicycling for commuting purposes. In order for Torrance to qualify for BTA funds, the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan must contain specific elements. Appendix E displays the requisite BTA components and their location within this plan in tabular form. The table includes “Approved” and “Notes/Comments” columns for the convenience of the Metro official responsible for reviewing compliance. 9.2 Existing Conditions Torrance is located in the southern, central portion of the South Bay region. It is bordered to the north by the City of Lawndale, the County of Los Angeles, and the City of Gardena; to the east by the City of Los Angeles; to the south by the Cities of Lomita, Rolling Hills Estates, and Palos Verdes Estates; and to the west by the City of Redondo Beach. According to the 2000 Census, Torrance has a population of 137,933. The City was incorporated in 1921. 9.2.1 Land Use Appendix A-3 displays a map of the existing land use in the South Bay Region. Land use in Torrance is shown at right. The City is comprised of approximately 45 percent residential land uses, most of which is single family residential. Torrance also consists of Existing Land Uses in Torrance (See Appendix A-3 for larger map) Page 315 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 262 | Alta Planning + Design almost 20 percent industrial land, making it a key employment center in the South Bay. Figure 9-1 displays the proposed land uses for the City of Torrance. There are no significant proposed changes in the City’s land uses. 9.2.2 Bicycle Trip Generators Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities or high concentrations of certain sub-populations, such as transit commuters or zero-vehicle households. Appendix A-4 shows population density in Torrance. There are areas of high population density along the northern boundary of the city. There is also a pocket of high density in the interior of the city. Population density, measured as the number of persons per acre, is a strong indicator of potential bicycle activity, because more people living in an area implies more trips to and from that area. The high population densities of urbanized environments also tend to support bicycle travel through mixed land uses, interconnected street networks, and shorter trip lengths. Appendix A-5 displays employment density in Torrance. Employment density in Torrance is highest along Hawthorne Boulevard, Lomita Boulevard, Western Avenue, and Pacific Coast Highway. Hawthorne Boulevard consists primarily of commercial and service, and general office land uses. Between Lomita Boulevard and Pacific Coast Highway there are mostly industrial uses. Western Avenue is concentrated with commercial and service, industrial, and general office uses. These sites have the potential to generate bicycle activity, as they are located in environments with a variety of land uses where trips between uses can be shorter. Appendix A-6, Appendix A-7 and Appendix A-8 display the percent of zero-vehicle households, median annual income, and percent transit commuters by census tract. The highest median annual household incomes are $75,001-$95,000 (in 1999 dollars) and are located in the western portion of Torrance along the border with Redondo Beach. Vehicle ownership is mixed throughout the city, as is percentage of transit commuters. These parts of the city have greater potential for increased bicycling activity because residents who do not have vehicles must use alternative modes and are likely to combine bicycle and transit trips. Bicycle trip generators refer to population characteristics that are correlated with higher bicycling activity levels, such as high population or employment densities. Page 316 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 263 Figure 9-1: City of Torrance General Plan Land Use Policy Page 317 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 264 | Alta Planning + Design In addition to the reasons discussed above, Torrance has the potential for increased bicycle activity from bicyclists passing through on their way to destinations outside of the city. A bicycle network that is connected within Torrance, as well as linked to bicycle facilities in adjacent communities, further generates bicycle traffic as it provides a viable transportation option to driving a motorized vehicle. 9.2.3 Relevant Plans and Policies Table 9-1 outlines information regarding bicycles from the City of Torrance’s Circulation and Infrastructure Element, Bicycle Master Plan, and Municipal Code. Table 9-1: Torrance Bicycle-Related Plans and Policies Document Description General Plan Circulation and Infrastructure Element (2009) The following goals and policies related to bicycling are included in the Circulation and Infrastructure Element:  Maintain a comprehensive system of bicycle routes that provide viable options to travel by automobile  Provide and maintain a comprehensive system of bicycle lanes to meet the needs of cyclists traveling to all destinations within the City consistent with the Bicycle Master Plan  Promote the provision of secure bicycle storage and shower and locker facilities at major commercial developments and employment centers  Encourage cyclists to use routes that allow for safe cycling  Promote bicycle safety through educational programs designed for bicyclists and drivers  Seek county, state, federal, and private sector assistance to help finance development of bicycle facilities Bicycle Master Plan (2009) This document consists of a map (Appendix F-7) that displays existing Class II and Class III bicycle facilities, proposed facilities, and existing bike parking locations. There are proposed facilities at 17 locations. Municipal Code Bicycle parking requirements in Torrance’s Municipal Code are based on square footage as part of Transportation Demand Management ordinance. Developments of a certain size are required to provide bicycle facility information on a bulletin board or in a display case or kiosk. Detailed bicycle parking information is presented in Appendix G. The City of Torrance requires bicyclists to obtain a bicycle license and to place a license plate on the bicycle. The City has a Bicycle Transportation Fund that is used for bicycle routes and other projects to the benefit of the bicyclist. The City also prohibits riding bicycles on sidewalks in business districts and adjacent to public school buildings, churches, recreation centers, and playgrounds. 9.2.4 Existing Bicycle Network Figure 9-2 shows the existing bicycle facilities in Torrance. Appendix A-2 displays a map of the existing bicycle facilities in Page 318 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 265 the South Bay Region. Bicycle facility types are discussed in Section 1.3. The City of Torrance has a bicycle network of approximately 30 miles of bicycle facilities. Approximately 50 percent of the network consists of Class II bike lanes and the remaining miles are Class III bike paths. Table 9-2 summarizes the classification and mileage of the existing network. Table 9-2: Torrance Bicycle Network Facility Type Mileage Class I (Bike Path) 0.0 Class II (Bike Lanes) 14.3 Class III (Bike Route) 15.0 Total Mileage 29.7 9.2.5 Existing End-of-trip Parking Facilities The BTA requires that this plan inventory publicly-accessible short-term and long-term end-of-trip bicycle facilities for the members of the bicycling public to park their bicycles, as well as change and store clothes and equipment. Short-term facilities consist of bicycle racks. Long-term facilities include, but are not limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. Appendix A-9 displays existing end-of-trip bicycle facilities in the South Bay. Existing bicycle racks in Torrance are shown at right. These locations include public parks and libraries. Torrance does not currently have any existing long- term end-of-trip bicycle facilities. 9.2.6 Multi-Modal Connections Transit is often best for longer trips, while bicycling is better for shorter trips. Combining transit use and bicycling can offer a high level of mobility that is comparable to travel by automobile. Appendix A-10 shows the existing Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority (Metro) transit routes that serve the City of Torrance. Metro operates bus lines with routes several east-west routes through the north and south portions of the City and one north-south route through the center. The middle of Torrance is relatively underserved by Metro. Buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. LADOT operates the Commuter Express bus service. Line 438 connects the cities of El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance to Downtown Los Angeles. (See Appendix A-9 for larger map) Existing End-of-trip Facilities in Torrance Page 319 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 266 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 320 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 267 Figure 9-2: Existing Bicycle Facilities in Torrance Page 321 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 268 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 322 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 269 Line 448 connects Torrance east to Wilmington and north to Downtown Los Angeles. Most Commuter Express buses are equipped with bicycle racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The Commuter Express line 438 and 448 bus routes are shown in Appendix A-11 and Appendix A-21. Beach Cities Transit (BCT) Line 104, operated by the City of Redondo Beach, also serves the City of Torrance. Appendix A-13 shows the BCT System Map. BCT buses are equipped with bike racks, which are available on a first-come, first-served basis. The City of Torrance operates Torrance Transit, which consists of eight bus lines that also serve the cities of El Segundo, Gardena, Hermosa Beach, Manhattan Beach, and Redondo Beach. Appendix A-14 shows the Torrance Transit system map. All Torrance Transit buses are equipped with bike racks, which are available on a first- come, first-served basis. The BTA requires that this plan inventory existing bicycle transport and parking facilities for connecting to public transit services. These facilities include, but are not limited to, bicycle parking at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, and park and ride lots; and provisions for transporting bicycles on public transit vehicles. Torrance does not currently provide any intermodal facilities within its jurisdiction, however a new transit station is proposed on Crenshaw Blvd at approximately 208th Street. Proposed end-of-trip bicycle facilities at this location are presented in section 9.4.2. 9.2.7 Education and Enforcement Strategies Bicycle education programs and enforcement of bicycle-related policies help to make riding safer for all bicyclists. To promote safe bicycling, the City of Torrance celebrates national “Bike to Work Day” and “Bike to Work Week” to encourage its employees and residents to ride their bicycles. The Torrance Police Department has conducted bicycle rodeos in the past and offers bicycle patrol for special events. Also, the Torrance Police Department enforces all bicycle-related regulations from the California Vehicle Code and the City’s Municipal Code. Torrance does not currently provide any intermodal facilities within its jurisdiction, however a new transit station is proposed on Crenshaw Blvd at approximately 208th Street (see Appendix A10 for larger map). Page 323 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 270 | Alta Planning + Design 9.2.8 Past Bicycle-Related Expenditures Between 2000 and 2010, the City of Torrance incurred the following bicycle-related expenditures:  Approximately $50,000 for miscellaneous bicycle-related items 9.3 Needs Analysis This section describes the needs of bicyclists in Torrance. It first summarizes feedback collected from the online survey and public workshops. The section also provides estimates and forecasts of bicycle commuting to determine the estimated bicycling demand in the city. It finally analyzes bicycle collision data between 2007 and 2009 to identify areas that would benefit from bicycle facility improvements. 9.3.1 Public Outreach As mentioned in Chapter 1, the public had the opportunity to provide input in the planning process through an online survey and the first round of public workshops. This section summarizes locations in Torrance that the community identified as desirable for bikeways and bicycle parking facilities. Generally, the public noted that it would like to see bicycle facilities on major arterials, such as Hawthorne Boulevard and Prairie Avenue. The community also said that it would like to connect existing bicycle facilities, such as by closing the gap on Torrance Boulevard and installing bicycle facilities on Van Ness Avenue to connect with Cabrillo Avenue. The public identified locations that would benefit from additional bicycle parking. These include around El Camino College, on Del Amo Circle near the Fashion Center, and at the Farmer’s Market. 9.3.2 Bicycle Commuter Estimates and Forecasts United States Census “Commuting to Work” data provides an indication of current bicycle system usage. Appendix A-15 shows the percent bicycle commuters in Torrance by census tract. The highest percentage of bicycle commuters is located in the southeastern portion of the city. Table 9-3 presents commute to work data estimates reported by the 2000 US Census for Torrance. For comparative purposes, the table includes commute to work data for the United States, California, and County of Los Angeles. According to the estimates, The highest percentage of bicycle commuters is located in the southeastern portion of Torrance. Page 324 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 271 0.44 percent of residents in Torrance commute predominantly by bicycle. This is lower than the percentage of bicycle commuters in California and in Los Angeles County, and it is higher than the U.S. as a whole. It is important to note that this figure likely underestimates the true amount of bicycling that occurs in Torrance for several reasons. First, data reflects respondents’ dominant commute mode and therefore does not capture trips to school, for errands, or other bike trips that would supplant vehicular trips. Also, US Census data collection methods only enable a respondent to select one mode of travel, thus excluding bicycle trips if they constitute part of a longer multimodal trip. The percentage of commuters in Torrance that commute by transit is much lower than that of those that drive alone. Torrance also has a low percentage of carpooling and walking. In addition to bicycle commuters in Torrance, bicyclists from neighboring communities use the city’s bicycle network to reach their destinations and are not reflected in this data. This Plan addresses the need for regional connectivity to accommodate bicyclists passing through Torrance’s bicycle network in Section 9.4. Table 9-3: Means of Transportation to Work Mode United States California Los Angeles County Torrance Bicycle 0.38% 0.83% 0.62% 0.44% Drove Alone – car, truck, or van 75.70% 71.82% 70.36% 82.92% Carpool – car, truck, or van 12.19% 14.55% 15.08% 9.80% Transit 4.73% 5.07% 6.58% 1.25% Walked 2.93% 2.85% 2.93% 1.33% Other Means 0.70% 0.79% 0.76% 0.44% Worked at Home 3.26% 3.83% 3.49% 3.48% Source: US Census 2000 Table 9-4 presents an estimate of current bicycling within Torrance using US Census data along with several adjustments for likely bicycle commuter underestimations, as discussed above. Table 9-5 presents the associated air quality benefits from bicycling. Page 325 of 535 e 272 | Alta Planning + Design Table 9-4: Existing Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Existing study area population 137,933 2000 US Census, P1 Existing employed population 66,569 2000 US Census, P30 Existing bike-to-work mode share 0.4% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of bike-to-work commuters 293 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Existing work-at-home mode share 3.5% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing number of work-at-home bike commuters 232 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Existing transit-to-work mode share 1.3% 2000 US Census, P30 Existing transit bicycle commuters 208 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Existing school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 12,480 2000 US Census, P8 Existing school children bicycling mode share 2.0% National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Existing school children bike commuters 250 School children population multiplied by school children bike mode share Existing number of college students in study area 11,314 2000 US Census, PCT24 Existing estimated college bicycling mode share 5.0% Review of bicycle commute share in seven university communities (source: National Bicycling & Walking Study, FHWA, Case Study No. 1, 1995), review of bicycle commute mode share at the University of California, Los Angeles Existing college bike commuters 566 College student population multiplied by college student bicycling mode share Existing total number of bike commuters 1,548 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian bike trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 3,096 Total bicycle commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 326 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 273 Table 9-5: Existing Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Current Estimated VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 928 Assumes 73% of bicycle trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 242,255 Reduced weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 6,499 Assumes average round trip travel length of 5 miles for adults/college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 1,696,351 Reduced weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Current Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 19 Daily mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 14 Daily mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 178 Daily mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 5,287 Daily mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 5,086 Yearly mileage reduction x 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 19 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 18 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 3,553 Yearly mileage reduction x 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 46,374 Yearly mileage reduction x 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/yr) 1,379,991 Yearly mileage reduction x 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. Table 9-6 presents projected year 2030 bicycling activity within Torrance using California Department of Finance population and school enrollment projections. The projection contains the assumption that bicycle mode share will double by 2030, due in part to bicycle network implementation. Actual bicycle mode share in 2030 will depend on many factors, including the extent of network implementation. Table 9-7 presents the associated year Page 327 of 535 e 274 | Alta Planning + Design 2030 air quality benefit forecasts. The calculations follow in a straightforward manner from the Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand. Table 9-6: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Demand Variable Figure Source Future study area population 171,647 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050. Future employed population 82,840 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000-2050, Future bike-to-work mode share 0.9% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of bike-to-work commuters 729 Employed persons multiplied by bike-to-work mode share Future work-at-home mode share 5.41% Calculated based on change in mode share from 1990 US Census, P49, to 2000 US Census, P30 Future number of work-at-home bike commuters 448 Assumes 10% of population working at home makes at least one daily bicycle trip Future transit-to-work mode share 2.5% Double the rate from 2000 US Census, P30 Future transit bicycle commuters 518 Employed persons multiplied by transit mode share. Assumes 25% of transit riders access transit by bicycle Future school children, ages 6-14 (grades K-8) 9,917 Calculated from CA Dept. of Finance, California Public K–12 Graded Enrollment and High School Graduate Projections by County, 2010 Series. Future school children bicycling mode share 4.0% Double the rate of national school commute trends. National Safe Routes to School surveys, 2003. Future school children bike commuters 397 School children population multiplied by school children bicycling mode share Future number of college students in study area 14,079 Calculated based on CA Dept. of Finance, Population Projections for California and Its Counties 2000- 2050, Sacramento, California, July 2007. Future estimated college bicycling mode share 7.0% A slight increase over the existing college bicycle mode share assumption, commensurate with projected increases in bicycling for other populations Future college bike commuters 986 College student population x college student bicycling mode share Future total number of bike commuters 3,077 Total bike-to-work, school, college and utilitarian biking trips. Does not include recreation. Total daily bicycling trips 6,154 Total bike commuters x 2 (for round trips) Page 328 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 275 Table 9-7: Projected Year 2030 Bicycling Air Quality Impact Variable Figure Source Forecasted VMT Reductions Reduced Vehicle Trips per Weekday 1,789 Assumes 73% of biking trips replace vehicle trips for adults/college students and 53% for school children Reduced Vehicle Trips per Year 466,911 Reduced number of weekday vehicle trips x 261 (weekdays / year) Reduced Vehicle Miles per Weekday 12,840 Assumes average round trip travel length of 8 miles for adults / college students and 1 mile for schoolchildren Reduced Vehicle Miles per Year 3,351,184 Reduced number of weekday vehicle miles x 261 (weekdays / year) Forecasted Air Quality Benefits Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/wkday) 38 Daily mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/wkday) 0 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/wkday) 27 Daily mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/wkday) 351 Daily mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced C02 (lbs/wkday) 10,445 Daily mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Reduced Hydrocarbons (lbs/yr) 10,048 Yearly mileage reduction x by 1.36 grams / mi Reduced PM10 (lbs/yr) 38 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0052 grams / mi Reduced PM2.5 (lbs/yr) 36 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.0049 grams / mi Reduced NOX (lbs/yr) 7,019 Yearly mileage reduction x by 0.95 grams / mi Reduced CO (lbs/yr) 91,612 Yearly mileage reduction x by 12.4 grams / mi Reduced CO2 (lbs/yr) 2,726,208 Yearly mileage reduction x by 369 grams / mi Source: Emissions rates from EPA report 420-F-05-022 Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Gasoline- Fueled Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 2005. This model uses the latest state projections for population growth and reasonable assumptions about future bicycle ridership. The benefits model predicts that the total number of bicycle commute trips could increase from the current daily estimate of about 3,000 to over 6,000, resulting in a substantial reduction of both Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and associated emissions. This includes a yearly emissions reduction by 2030 of approximately 7,000 pounds Page 329 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 276 | Alta Planning + Design of smog forming N0X and roughly 2.7 million pounds of C02, the principal gas associated with global climate change. Providing bicycle facilities will encourage new bicyclists to begin to ride, thus positively impacting air quality by reducing harmful pollutants from driving motorized vehicles. Because this plan recommends local connections throughout and regional links between the participating cities, it has the potential to have even greater air quality benefits. Bicyclists may not need to rely as heavily on vehicles for transportation because bicycling will be a viable transportation alternative upon implementation of this Plan. 9.3.3 Bicycle Counts To assess bicycling levels at different sites throughout Torrance, volunteers conducted bicycle counts, in which they manually recorded the number of bicyclists that rode by. 9.3.3.1 Methodology The methodology for the bicycle counts derives from the National Bicycle and Pedestrian Documentation Project (NBPD), a collaborative effort of Alta Planning + Design and the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The NBPD methodology aims to capture both utilitarian bicycling and recreational bicycling. The NBPD also provides guidance on how to select count locations. Volunteers conducted bicycle counts in each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay on Thursday, November 4, 2010 from 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and Saturday, November 6, 2010 from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. These dates are meant to capture volumes of bicyclists on a typical weekday and weekend day. Fall is an appropriate time to conduct bicycle counts in California because school is back in session and vacations are typically over. In Torrance, volunteers were stationed at three stations on Thursday and three stations on Saturday. There were 36 total locations in the South Bay region on each day. The count locations were selected in partnership by city staff, Alta Planning + Design, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition staff, and South Bay Bicycle Coalition board members. This snapshot of locations is meant to capture a diverse bicycling population using the roads and streets that span the spectrum of bike-friendliness. 9.3.3.2 Results The count results for the South Bay are displayed in Appendix A- 16 and Appendix A-17. Count results for Torrance are shown at Weekday Bicycle Count Results in Torrance (See Appendix A-16 for a larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Weekend Bicycle Count Results in Torrance (See Appendix A-17 for a larger map and Appendix H for a list of count locations.) Page 330 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 277 left. Detailed count data, including a list of count locations, is presented in Appendix H. On Thursday, the Torrance station that experienced the highest volume was 190th Street and Anza Avenue with 60 bicyclists during the three hour count period. The station with the most bicyclists on Saturday was Palos Verdes Boulevard and Catalina Avenue with 82 bicyclists during the three hour count period. On both days, the locations with the highest numbers of bicyclists in the South Bay region as a whole were those along the Strand on the County-maintained Marvin Braude Bikeway. Apart from the Strand stations, the inland count locations in Lawndale and Gardena experienced the most riders during the week. On the weekend, there were overall fewer riders in the inland count stations and more riders along the coast. This suggests that more bicyclists ride a bicycle for commuting during the week and for recreation on the weekend. In the region as a whole, about 83 percent of bicyclists were male. Approximately 70 percent of those observed did not wear helmets and 41 percent rode on the sidewalks. On Thursday, there were 18 locations at which over half of the observed bicyclists rode on the sidewalk and on Saturday there were nine. Riding on the sidewalk can be an indicator of a lack of bicycle facilities, as bicyclists that are uncomfortable riding with traffic may choose to ride on the sidewalk instead. 9.3.4 Bicycle Collision Data Safety is a major concern for both existing and potential bicyclists. Concern about safety is the most common reason given for not riding a bicycle (or riding more often), according to national surveys. Identifying bicycle collision sites can draw attention to areas that warrant improvement, particularly if multiple collisions occur at the same location. This analysis employs the most reliable data source available, the California Highway Patrol’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System. The data set only includes reported collisions, and so represents a subset of all the bicycle collisions in Torrance. This data does not include any assessment of conditions present at the time of the collision. There are numerous factors that may contribute to a given incident including but not limited to time of day, visibility, distractions, obstacles or traffic law obedience. This data simply reflects reported incidents, resulting injuries and the party at fault. This data does not infer faulty infrastructure, but rather provides a baseline of collisions Bicycle Collisions in Torrance 2007-2009 (See Appendix A-18 for larger map) Page 331 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 278 | Alta Planning + Design that often decreases in correlation with bike plan implementation and the improvements to facilities and road user behavior and awareness that accompanies it. Fault as determined by law enforcement is discussed below. Table 9-8 presents the number of reported collisions involving bicyclists, number of bicyclists involved, and severity of the bicycle collisions for three consecutive years: 2007, 2008, and 2009. Appendix A-18 shows locations of bicycle collisions in the South Bay region in the same time period. Bicycle collisions in Torrance are shown on the preceding page. There were 131 total reported collisions involving bicyclists from 2007-2009 in the City of Torrance. Collisions in Torrance occurred throughout the city, many of which were concentrated on major arterials: 16 collisions occurred on Torrance Boulevard, 11 occurred on Sepulveda Boulevard, eight occurred on Pacific Coast Highway, and 11 occurred on Hawthorne Boulevard. Table 9-8: Bicycle Collision Data 2007-2009 Total Crashes Involving Bicyclists Number of Bicyclists Involved Persons Injured Persons Severely Injured Persons Killed 131 133 132 4 1 Source: California Highway Patrol, Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) As reported by police officers in traffic reports, bicyclists were at fault in 66 percent of collisions involving bicycles (64 crashes) in this time period. Providing bicycle facilities encourages more people to ride. When motorists begin to look for and expect to see bicyclists, collisions between vehicles and bicyclists are reduced. The City of New York, for example, reported that as ridership increased between 1998 and 2008, the number of annual casualties from bicycle collisions decreased (see Appendix B). Appendix A-1 displays estimated weekday traffic volumes in Torrance. There are major arterials that carry high volumes of automobiles throughout the entire city. Torrance Boulevard, Sepulveda Boulevard, and Pacific Coast Highway, the locations with the highest numbers of collisions, all have heavy vehicular traffic, which can create potential conflicts between bicycles and vehicles. Pacific Coast Highway has high employment densities, and Hawthorne Boulevard has both high employment and population densities, both of which generate high numbers of trips. Page 332 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 279 This contributes to the vehicle-bicycle conflicts, as well. Installing bicycle facilities, especially on major arterials, could reduce the number and severity of collisions involving bicyclists. 9.4 Proposed Bicycle Network This section presents the proposed bicycle network for the City of Torrance, which includes bicycle parking facilities. Upon implementation of the proposed network, the City should coordinate and collaborate with adjacent participating South Bay cities to emphasize a regional bicycle network. Bicycle facilities discussed in this Plan are described in Section 1.3 and are shown in Figure 1-3 and Figure 1-4. Appendix C outlines the recommended standards for each facility classification as compared to minimum standards. In addition to creating a comprehensive network of bikeways in Torrance, the recommended system ties into the proposed bicycle facilities for the other South Bay participating cities to create a connected regional network. This will give bicyclists from adjacent communities the opportunity to pass through Torrance to reach their destinations without losing bicycle facilities at city boundaries. 9.4.1 Proposed Bikeway Facilities The proposed bicycle network in the City of Torrance consists of Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets, and is shown in Figure 9-3. The proposed bicycle network in Torrance connects with the recommended networks in Redondo Beach, Lawndale, and Gardena. Figure 9-3 shows a blue asterisk on the proposed bicycle path along the Metro Green Line extension as it is outside the jurisdiction of the Plan, but is a supported improvement. The proposed South Bay bicycle network as a whole is presented in Appendix A-19. Four tables identify the streets on which facilities are proposed, the extents of each proposed facility, and the length in miles of each proposed facility. Table 9-9 lists the proposed bicycle paths, Table 9-10 lists the proposed bicycle lanes, Table 9-11 lists the proposed bicycle routes, and Table 9-12 lists the proposed bicycle-friendly streets. The proposed bicycle network in the City of Torrance consists of Class I Bike Paths, Class II Bike Lanes, Class III Bike Routes, and Bike Friendly Streets. Page 333 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 280 | Alta Planning + Design Table 9-9: Proposed Class I Bicycle Paths in Torrance Street From To Miles Madrona Ave Extension Sepulveda Blvd 229th Pl 0.5 Total Bicycle Path Mileage 0.5 Table 9-10: Proposed Class II Bicycle Lanes in Torrance Street From To Miles 220th St Cabrillo Ave Western Ave 0.2 Prairie Ave - Madrona Ave Redondo Beach Blvd Sepulveda Blvd 3.6 Torrance Blvd Anza Ave Earl St 0.3 Sepulveda Blvd Existing Bike Lanes (east of Anza Ave) Western Ave 3.0 Lomita Blvd Anza Ave Hawthorne Blvd 0.6 Van Ness Ave - Cabrillo Ave 190th St Ferrocarril Ave 2.5 Ferrocarril Ave Arlington Ave Western Ave 0.5 190th St Blossom Ln Western Ave 3.8 Del Amo Blvd West City Limits Henrietta St 0.2 Del Amo Blvd Anza Ave Maple Ave 1.3 Skypark Dr Madison St Crenshaw Blvd 1.3 Western Ave Artesia Blvd South City Limits 4.4 Redondo Beach Blvd Hawthorne Blvd East City Limits 2.4 Artesia Blvd Hawthorne Blvd Western Ave 2.5 Calle Mayor Riviera Way Anza Ave 1.0 Beryl St Flagler Ln 190th St 0.4 Total Bicycle Lane Mileage 28.0 Table 9-11: Proposed Class III Bicycle Routes in Torrance Street From To Miles Columbia St - Alaska Ave - Maricopa St Maple Ave Elm Ave 0.7 Sartori Ave Torrance Blvd Cabrillo Ave 0.2 Henrietta St Del Amo Blvd Torrance Blvd 0.8 Maple Ave Del Amo Blvd Sepulveda Blvd 1.6 Plaza del Amo (west) Madrona Ave Crenshaw Blvd 1.0 Del Amo Blvd Crenshaw Blvd Western Ave 1.1 Plaza del Amo (east) Madrid Ave Arlington Ave 0.6 Anza Ave Sepulveda Blvd Newton St 1.5 Cravens Ave Arlington Ave Cabrillo Ave 0.5 Page 334 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 281 Street From To Miles Palos Verdes Blvd Sepulveda Blvd West City Limits 0.5 235th St Crenshaw Blvd Western Ave 1.1 238th St Arlington Ave East City Limits 0.7 Palos Verdes Blvd South City Limits Pacific Coast Highway 1.1 W 164th St Redondo Beach Blvd East City Limits 1.0 182nd St West City Limits Western Ave 2.9 Calle Mayor Palos Verdes Blvd Riviera Way 0.9 Torrance Blvd Sartori Ave Van Ness Ave 0.1 Total Bicycle Route Mileage 16.2 Table 9-12: Proposed Bicycle-Friendly Streets in Torrance Street From To Miles Elm Ave Maricopa St Torrance Blvd 0.2 Dominguez St Madrid Ave Torrance Blvd 0.8 Falda Ave - 182nd Pl 182nd St 190th St 0.6 220th St Martina Ave Cabrillo Ave 0.3 Earl St - Torrance Blvd Del Amo Blvd Ocean Ave 0.8 239th St Crenshaw Blvd Arlington Ave 0.5 Ocean Ave Torrance Blvd Newton St 2.5 Arlington Ave Dominguez St Plaza Del Amo East 1.0 Newton St Calle Mayor Pacific Coast Highway 2.3 162nd St Van Ness Ave East City Limits 0.3 Entradero Ave 190th St Del Amo Blvd 0.7 Madrid Ave Dominguez St Plaza Del Amo East 0.7 Yukon Ave Redondo Beach Blvd 190th St 1.5 Firmona Ave - Tallisman 190th St Del Amo Blvd 0.7 Camino del Campo Palos Verdes Blvd Vista del Parque 0.4 Pennsylvania Ave Sepulveda Blvd South City Limits 0.9 Via Pasqual - Cll de Arboles - Pso de las Tortugas - Vista Montana Via Monte D Oro Newton St 1.6 Via Monte D Oro Camino del Campo South City Limits 0.9 171st St Prairie Ave Gramercy Pl 1.8 Total Bicycle-Friendly Streets 18.3 There are opportunities and constraints to recommending new bicycle facilities in Torrance. These are shown on the following page and are referenced by the numbers in Appendix I. Appendix I Page 335 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 282 | Alta Planning + Design also presents opportunities and constraints in the South Bay region as a whole. While it is not feasible to propose bicycle lanes on Crenshaw Boulevard and Hawthorne Boulevard at the time of this Plan, there may be opportunity in the future if the streets undergo reconstruction or other changes that would provide adequate space. There may also be opportunity to propose parallel facilities as Crenshaw Boulevard and Hawthorne Boulevard are important regional connections. (See Appendix I for larger map) Opportunities and Constraints in Torrance Page 336 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 283 Figure 9-3: Proposed Bicycle Facilities in Torrance Page 337 of 535 e esign This page intentionally left blank. Page 338 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 285 9.4.2 Proposed End-of-Trip Bicycle Facilities Support facilities and connections to other modes of transportation are essential components of a bicycle system because they enhance safety and convenience for bicyclists at the end of every trip. With nearly all utilitarian and many recreational bike trips, bicyclists need secure and well-located bicycle parking. A comprehensive bicycle parking strategy is one of the most important things that a jurisdiction can apply to immediately enhance the bicycling environment. Moreover, a bicycle parking strategy with connections to public transit will further the geographical range of residents traveling without using an automobile. The Torrance Municipal Code currently provides bicycle parking requirements for non-residential developments. The City should consider amending its Municipal Code to include bicycle parking requirements at new and retrofitted multi-family residential, commercial, office, and mixed-use developments of all sizes. The Municipal Code should also require bicycle parking quantities based on square footage of developments or by number of employees/residents to adequately address the bicycle demand at each development. Though the City complies with its existing Transportation Demand Management ordinance, Torrance may consider amending its Municipal Code to include requirements on types of both short- and long-term bicycle parking facility designs, which are shown in Appendix J. Bicycle rack designs should include racks that provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. This will provide a high degree of security and support for the bicycle. Long-term bicycle parking should be in the form of:  Covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles  Lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks or  Lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers When people commute by bicycle they often sweat or become dirty from weather or road conditions. Providing changing and storing facilities encourages commuters to travel by bicycle because they have a place to clean up before work or school. Torrance should require all new mid-to-large employers, offices, and businesses to supply changing and storing facilities, such as by providing showers and clothes lockers within the buildings or arranging Bicycle rack designs should include racks that provide two two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. Page 339 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 286 | Alta Planning + Design agreements with nearby recreation centers to allow commuters to use their facilities. Proposed end-of-trip bicycle facilities in Torrance are shown in Figure 9-4. The City should continue to provide short-term bicycle parking in the form of bicycle racks at all major trip attractors, including commercial and civic activity centers and transit hubs, and ensure that an adequate supply is available. The following locations are examples of sites at which the City could install additional bicycle parking as appropriate:  Parks  Schools  Commercial/office areas  Civic/government buildings  Public transit stations High-activity locations such as transit stations and major commercial districts should provide more secure, long-term bicycle parking options, such as bicycle lockers. The proposed transit station on Crenshaw Blvd at approximately 208th Street, as well as any future transit hubs and intermodal facilities, should include secure bicycle parking areas as part of their design. Secure bicycle parking areas that provide services, such as bicycle rentals and repair, should be considered at major transit stations and commuter destinations. The proposed transit station on Crenshaw Blvd at approximately 208th Street, as well as any future transit hubs and intermodal facilities, should include secure bicycle parking areas as part of their design, like a BikeStation. Page 340 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 287 Figure 9-4: Torrance Proposed End-of-Trip Facilities Page 341 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 288 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 342 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 289 9.5 Project Costs This section presents the cost to implement the proposed bicycle network in Torrance. 9.5.1 Cost Estimates Table 9-13 displays the planning-level capital cost assumptions for each facility type proposed in this plan, and Table 9-14 displays the cost to implement the proposed network in the City of Torrance from the cost assumptions.25 Cost assumptions are based on LA County averages and may vary depending on environmental conditions of a given facility, unforeseen construction cost variations, and similar considerations. Cost assumptions exclude specific treatments that may vary by location and must be determined by field review, such as traffic calming measures, restriping of existing travel lanes, and sign removal. Cost assumptions do not include traffic signal improvements, such as changes to phasing, recalibration of loop detectors, or installation of push buttons. For detailed cost estimations, refer to the project sheets presented in Section 9.7. Table 9-13: Unit Cost Estimates for Proposed Bicycle Facility Types Facility Type Description Estimated Cost26 Class I Bicycle Path Paving, striping and signage $800,000 / mile Class II Bicycle Lanes (two sides) Striping, signage, and travel lane restriping $40,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) Signage $15,000 / mile Class III Bicycle Routes (two sides) with sharrows Pavement markings and signage $25,000 / mile Bicycle Friendly Street Pavement markings, signage, and limited traffic calming $30,000 / mile 25 Table 9-14 assumes the cost of implementing Class III Bicycle Routes with Sharrows based on the policies presented in Chapter 2 26 Cost estimates include physical removals and installations (e.g. of signs and striping), contract contingency costs, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering. The source for the unit costs is the LA County Bicycle Master Plan, which are based upon a peer review of Southern California bikeway construction unit costs. Page 343 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 290 | Alta Planning + Design Table 9-14: Estimated Cost of Proposed Bicycle Network Facility Type Unit Cost per mile Length of Proposed Network (miles) Cost Bicycle Path $800,000 0.5 $ 376,000 Bicycle Lane $40,000 28.0 $ 1,118,000 Bicycle Route with sharrows $25,000 16.2 $ 406,000 Bicycle-Friendly Street $30,000 18.3 $ 549,000 Total 63.0 $ 2,449,000 9.6 Project Prioritization A prioritized list of bicycle projects will help guide the City of Torrance in implementing the proposed bicycle facilities presented in this Plan. Each proposed facility discussed in Section 9.4.1 is grouped into projects based on feasibility of implementation. Table 9-15 presents the prioritized projects based on the prioritization methodology displayed in Appendix K. Each criterion contains information about a facility and its ability to address an existing or future need in Torrance. The projects ranked the highest should be implemented first. Page 344 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 291 Table 9-15: Torrance Prioritized Bicycle Projects Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Proposed Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BL Prairie Ave - Madrona Ave Redondo Beach Blvd Sepulveda Blvd 3 6 1 4 0 2 2 2 0 2 22BL Van Ness Ave - Cabrillo Ave 190th St Ferrocarril Ave 3 6 2 4 0 2 2 2 0 1 22BR Torrance Blvd Sartori Ave Van Ness Ave 3 6 4 0 2 2 2 2 0 21BL Torrance Blvd Anza Ave Earl St 6 6 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 0 19BL Sepulveda Blvd Existing Bike Lanes (east of Anza Ave) Western Ave 3 6 0 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 19BL Lomita Blvd Anza Ave Hawthorne Blvd 3 6 0 4 0 1 0 2 2 1 19BR Henrietta St Del Amo Blvd Torrance Blvd 6 6 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 18BR Maple Ave Del Amo Blvd Sepulveda Blvd 3 6 0 2 0 2 1 1 1 2 18BR Plaza del Amo (west) Madrona Ave Crenshaw Blvd 3 6 0 2 0 0 1 2 2 2 18BL 190th St Blossom Ln Western Ave 3 6 0 4 0 2 1 2 0 0 18BR Del Amo Blvd Crenshaw Blvd Western Ave 3 6 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 17BR Plaza del Amo (east) Madrid Ave Arlington Ave 3 6 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 2 17BR Anza Ave Sepulveda Blvd Newton St 3 6 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 2 17BL Ferrocarril Ave Arlington Ave Western Ave 3 6 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 2 17BL Beryl St Flagler Ln 190th St 3 6 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 16BFS Earl St - Torrance Blvd Del Amo Blvd Ocean Ave 3 6 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 2 16BFS Arlington Ave Dominguez St Plaza Del Amo East 3 6 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 16BL Del Amo Blvd West City Limits Henrietta St 3 6 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 15BL Del Amo Blvd Anza Ave Maple Ave 3 6 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 1 15BL Artesia Blvd Hawthorne Blvd Western Ave 0 3 0 4 0 2 2 2 0 2 15BR Palos Verdes Blvd Sepulveda Blvd West City Limits 3 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 14Page 345 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 292 | Alta Planning + Design Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Proposed Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BR 235th St Crenshaw Blvd Western Ave 3 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 14BR 238th St Arlington Ave East City Limits 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 14BL Skypark Dr Madison St Crenshaw Blvd 0 6 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 2 14BFS 239th St Crenshaw Blvd Arlington Ave 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 14BFS 162nd St Van Ness Ave East City Limits 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 14BFS Entradero Ave 190th St Del Amo Blvd 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 14BL Western Ave Artesia Blvd South City Limits 0 3 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 13BR - BFS Columbia St - Alaska Ave - Maricopa St - Elm Ave Maple Ave Torrance Blvd 3 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 12BR Palos Verdes Blvd South City Limits Pacific Coast Highway 0 6 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 12BL Redondo Beach Blvd Hawthorne Blvd East City Limits 0 3 0 2 0 2 2 2 0 1 12BL Calle Mayor Riviera Way Anza Ave 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 2 12BFS Ocean Ave Torrance Blvd Newton St 3 3 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 12BFS Yukon Ave Redondo Beach Blvd 190th St 0 3 2 0 0 2 0 1 1 2 11BR Cravens Ave Arlington Ave Cabrillo Ave 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 9BR Plaza del Amo (east) West City Limits Western Ave 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 9BFS Firmona Ave - Tallisman 190th St Del Amo Blvd 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 9BFS - BR Dominguez St - Sartori Ave Madrid Ave Cabrillo Ave 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 8BFS Falda Ave - 182nd Pl 182nd St 190th St 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 8BR 182nd St West City Limits Western Ave 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 2 8BR Calle Mayor Palos Verdes Blvd Riviera Way 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 8BFS Camino del Campo Palos Verdes Blvd Vista del Parque 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 8Page 346 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 293 Facility Type* Facility Name From To Gap Closure Connectivity: Existing Connectivity: Proposed Regional Connectivity: Activity Centers Connectivity: Multi-Modal Safety Public Input Underserved Communities Project Cost Parking Displacement Total BP Madrona Ave Extension Sepulveda Blvd 229th Pl 0 3 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 8BFS Newton St Calle Mayor Pacific Coast Highway 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 7BFS Madrid Ave Dominguez St Plaza Del Amo East 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 7BFS Pennsylvania Ave Sepulveda Blvd South City Limits 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 7BFS Via Pasqual - Cll de Arboles - Pso de las Tortugas - Vista Montana Via Monte D Oro Newton St 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6BFS - BL 220th St Martina Ave Western Ave 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 5BFS Via Monte D Oro Camino del Campo South City Limits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4BFS 171st St Prairie Ave Gramercy Pl 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3*BP=Bike Path, BL=Bike Lane, BR=Bike Route, BFS=Bike Friendly Street Page 347 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 294 | Alta Planning + Design 9.7 Project Sheets The City of Torrance selected two of its top priority projects from the previous table for more detailed concept designs. Project sheets are shown on the following pages and include:  A review of the existing site conditions  Site challenges  Recommended improvements  Estimated cost  Photos  Aerial images  Concept graphics Page 348 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 295 Torrance Project #1: Van Ness Avenue – Cabrillo Avenue (Redondo Beach Boulevard to Plaza del Amo) Project Site Photos Van Ness Avenue – Cabrillo Avenue is a north-south corridor located in the eastern portion of the City of Torrance. It connects to Gardena to the north and to existing bike lanes on Cabrillo Avenue to the south. Van Ness Avenue – Cabrillo Avenue provides access to Lincoln Elementary School, the YMCA, Downtown Torrance, and major employers, including ProLogis and Toyota. There is existing on-street parking along the northern and southern segments of Van Ness Avenue – Cabrillo Avenue that is highly utilized in certain segments, including Downtown Torrance. From Redondo Beach Boulevard to 186th Street, Van Ness Avenue – Cabrillo Avenue has four travel lanes, on-street parallel parking on both sides of the street, and a posted speed limit of 35 mph. The roadway width from Redondo Beach Boulevard to 190th Street is approximately 55 to 57 feet. Between 190th Street and Torrance Boulevard, Van Ness Avenue has four travel lanes and a center turn lane, and the posted speed limit increases to 45 mph. The roadway width is approximately 61 to 63 feet, except for a half-mile stretch between Toyota Way and Del Amo Boulevard where the width drops to approximately 55 feet. There is only on-street parking between Arlington Avenue and Torrance Boulevard on the west side of the street. South of Torrance Boulevard, the posted speed limit drops to 30 mph. Between Torrance Boulevard and 213th Street, the roadway width ranges from 67 feet to 82 feet. From 213th Street to Plaza Del Amo, there are center medians with parallel parking, as well as curbside parallel parking. The roadway width is approximately 36 to 37 feet on each side of the median. Sharrows and traffic calming north of 190th Street will create a safer bicycling environment on Van Ness Avenue. Project Challenges Van Ness Avenue is an existing Class III Bike Route, but is a challenging bicycling environment due to high vehicle speeds. There are few treatments making a safe bicycling environment for children riding to school and the YMCA. Existing on-street parking reduces the space available for bicycle facilities. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 2.5 miles of Class II Bike Lanes and install signs  Install 1.9 miles of Class III Bike Route signs and stripe sharrows  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections  Conduct a road diet to convert cross-section to one travel lane in each direction from Torrance Boulevard to Plaza Del Amo (0.9 miles)  Construct bulbouts with high visibility crosswalks Estimated Cost $2,000,000 Bike lanes on Van Ness, which has a posted speed limit of 45 mph, will provide a designated space for bicyclists to ride. Removing a travel lane will calm traffic and retain on-street parking in Downtown Torrance. Page 349 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 296 | Alta Planning + Design Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Van Ness Avenue –Cabrillo Avenue Van Ness Avenue – Cabrillo Avenue (Redondo Beach Boulevard to 185th Street) Van Ness Avenue – Cabrillo Avenue (185th Street to Plaza Del Amo) Page 350 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 297 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: Van Ness Avenue –Cabrillo Avenue Sharrows Bulbouts and High Visibility Crosswalks Page 351 of 535 Chapter Nine | Torrance 298 | Alta Planning + Design Torrance Project #2: 190th Street (Blossom Lane to Prairie Avenue) Project Site Photos 190th Street is an east-west corridor located in the northern portion of the City of Torrance. The eastern segment of 190th Street shares a border with Redondo Beach. 190th Street continues west into Redondo Beach and east into the City of Los Angeles. It provides access to Dominguez Park, Columbia Park, and residential and commercial uses. There is existing on-street parking along much of 190th Street west of Prairie that is moderately utilized. East of Crenshaw there is only on-street parking in front of residences. From Blossom Lane to Inglewood Avenue the posted speed limit is 35 mph. East of Inglewood Avenue the speed limit increases to 40 mph until Prairie Avenue where it again increases to 45 mph. Between Blossom Lane and Rindge Lane, 190th Street has a roadway width of approximately 77 to 78 feet. There are four travel lanes, a center turn lane, occasional additional turn pockets at intersections, and on-street parallel parking. The roadway width drops to approximately 73 to 74 feet between Rindge Lane and Inglewood Avenue and there is scattered on-street parallel parking. From Inglewood Avenue to 191st Street, the roadway width of 190th Street increases to approximately 75 to 77 feet. The width increases to between 83 and 100 feet from 191st Street to Hawthorne Boulevard to accommodate turn lanes at the intersection. From Hawthorne Boulevard to Prairie Avenue, the roadway width drops back to approximately 77 to 83 feet and there is no existing on- street parking on either side of the street. Wide parking lanes provide adequate space for bicycle lanes on some segments of 190th Street. Project Challenges There are no existing bicycle facilities on this segment of 190th Street. Bicyclists must share the road with high volumes of vehicles traveling at high speeds, creating a challenging bicycling environment. Proposed Improvements  Stripe 1.8 miles of Class II Bike Lanes and signs  Add bicycle loop detectors and pavement markings at all signalized intersections Estimated Cost $150,000 Bicycle detectors at intersections will allow bicyclists to trigger the signal when no vehicles are present. Striping bicycle lanes will provide separation between bicyclists and motorists. Page 352 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 299 Aerial Map and Concept Graphics: 190th Street 190th Street (Blossom Lane to Prairie Avenue) Bike Lane and Bicycle Loop Detector Page 353 of 535 300 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 354 of 535 Chapter 10 Recommended Programs Page 355 of 535 Chapter Ten | Recommended Programs 302 | Alta Planning + Design Page 356 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 303 10 Recommended Programs Creating a region that supports and encourages its residents to bicycle involves more than just infrastructure improvements. Each of the seven participating cities in the South Bay should consider more than bicycle facility improvements and develop or participate in programs that educate bicyclists and motorists, raise awareness about opportunities to bike, and enforce the laws that keep bicyclists safe. The participating cities can encourage increased bike ridership by supporting programs that incentivize bicyclists through encouragement and improved convenience, safety, and education This chapter recommends programs for the seven South Bay participating cities that will educate people about bicyclists’ rights and responsibilities, and safe bicycle operation, as well as encourage residents to bicycle more frequently. This chapter should be used as a toolbox: each city should draw upon its unique resources to choose the programs that best suit it. For example, partnership with active community groups can make group bike rides successful, while strong relationships with local businesses enable bike-friendly business programs to work. The cities could also work together to make regional efforts at promoting bicycling in the South Bay, such as through combined efforts in managing bicycle awareness campaigns. 10.1 Education Programs Education programs enable bicyclists, pedestrians, and motorists to understand how to travel safely in the roadway environment according to the law. Education programs are available in an array of mediums, from long-term courses with detailed instruction to single sessions focusing on a specific topic. Curriculums should be appropriate to the target audience and to the format of instruction. 10.1.1 Bicycle Skills Courses Target Audience: General public Most bicyclists do not receive comprehensive instruction on safe and effective bicycling techniques, laws, or bicycle maintenance. Bike skills training courses are an excellent way to improve both bicyclist confidence and safety. The League of American Bicyclists (LAB) developed a comprehensive bicycle skills curriculum which is considered the national standard for adults seeking to improve Bicycle skills courses can improve cyclist confidence and safety by teaching effective bicycling techniques. Photo Source: Dan Burden/WALC Institute for Vitality City Page 357 of 535 Chapter Ten | Recommended Programs 304 | Alta Planning + Design their on-bike skills. The classes available include bicycle safety checks and basic maintenance, basic and advanced on-road skills, commuting, and driver education.27 LACBC currently offers adult LAB courses taught by League Certified Instructors. The South Bay participating cities could partner with the LACBC or other non-profit organizations to expand course offerings to target all ages, and incorporate them into recreation center programs or other city programs. Bicycle skills courses that target children should to the extent feasible be fully integrated into school curriculum through PE classes, general assembly, and other means of instruction. The cities could also look for other possible groups to partner with for educational purposes. 10.1.2 Drivers Education Training Target Audience: General public Interacting with bicyclists on the road is often not included in training for new drivers. Teaching motorists how to share the road from the start can help reduce potential conflicts between drivers and bicyclists. The League of American Bicyclists (LAB) offers a three-hour motorist education classroom session that teaches participants topics including roadway positioning of bicyclists, traffic and hand signals, principles of right-of-way, and left and right turn problems.28 The South Bay participating cities could encourage instructors of driver education courses to add this class to their curriculum. The cities could also work with the Department of Motor Vehicles and Superior Court to explore opportunities to offer this class as a diversion course for motorists who receive citations for reckless driving or as a training session for local professional drivers. 10.1.3 Bicycle Rodeos Target Audience: Children Bicycle Rodeos are individual events that help students develop basic bicycling techniques and safety skills through the use of a bicycle safety course. Rodeos use playgrounds or parking lots set- up with stop signs, traffic cones, and other props to simulate the roadway environment. Students receive instruction on how to 27 Additional program information is available online at www.bikeleague.org/programs/education/courses.php. 28 http://www.bikeleague.org/programs/education/courses.php#motorist Bicycle Rodeos set up stop signs, traffic cones, and other props to simulate the roadway environment and teach students basic bicycling techniques. Page 358 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 305 maneuver, observe stop signs, and look for on-coming traffic before proceeding through intersections. Bicycle Rodeos also provide an opportunity for instructors to ensure children’s helmets and bicycles are appropriately sized. Events can include free or low-cost helmet distribution and bike safety checks. Trained adult volunteers, local police, and the fire department can administer Rodeos. Bicycle Rodeos can be stand-alone events or can be incorporated into health fairs, back-to-school events, and Walk and Bike to School days. The Cities of El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, and Redondo Beach currently conduct Bicycle Rodeos, though these could be expanded to occur at all elementary and middle schools at least twice per year. Bicycle Rodeos also occurred in the City of Torrance in 2011. Each City could begin organizing Bicycle Rodeos biannually at all elementary and middle schools. Bicycle Rodeos should also be held at community events, such as Earth Day celebrations. 10.1.4 Share the Path Campaign Target Audience: Bike path users Conflicts between path users can occur on popular, well-used path systems. “Share the Path” campaigns promote safe and courteous behavior among all users. These campaigns typically involve distribution of bicycle bells and other bicycle paraphernalia, and brochures with safety tips, and maps at bicycle rides and other public events. Effective “Share the Path” campaigns generally involve the following:  Developing a simple, clear Share the Path brochure for distribution through local bike shops and wherever bike maps are distributed.  Hosting a bicycle bell giveaway event on a popular shared-use path. Volunteers and agency staff can distribute bells to bicyclists and “Share the Path” brochures to other path users, and answer users’ questions. Other volunteers may walk along the path and thank bicyclists who use their bells when passing.  Conducting media outreach before a bell giveaways event. The event organizers should publicize positive stories about bicycling and use the event as an opportunity for marketing the path system. Media outreach can include “Share the Path” campaigns promote safe and courteous behavior among all users. Page 359 of 535 Chapter Ten | Recommended Programs 306 | Alta Planning + Design public service announcements promoting courtesy and respect among all path users, and encouraging users to share the path safely. Though not all seven of the participating cities currently have a bicycle path within their jurisdictions, hosting a ”Share the Path” campaign can educate residents to ride safely so that they will be prepared when a path is constructed in the future. 10.1.5 Bicycles on Transit Campaign Target Audience: Commuters A common statement from bicyclists is that they do not know how to combine their bicycle trips with transit, whether it is because they are not familiar with how to use bicycle racks on buses or they do not know which transit vehicles accommodate bicycles. The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) posts information on its website that includes how to load and unload bicycles onto buses, when bicycles are allowed on trains, and which stations have bicycle parking.29 South Bay participating cities that operate transit services could begin similar educational campaigns so that bicyclists will feel comfortable combining their trips with transit. As part of the campaign, cities could distribute informational pamphlets, such as bicycle rack instructions and transit maps, at community events. They could also have sample bike racks and bicycles that members of the community can practice with. 10.2 Public Awareness Campaigns and Marketing Campaigns that make the public aware of bicycling and market it as a viable form of transportation help to increase the numbers of riders. In turn, bicycling becomes a safer form of transportation because people expect to see bicyclists on the road. 10.2.1 Bikeway Maps One of the most effective ways of making people aware of bicycling as a transportation alternative is to distribute maps and guides to show that bicycle infrastructure exists. A map can also demonstrate the ease in accessing different parts of the community by bike, and highlight unique areas, shopping districts, or recreational areas. The 29 http://www.metro.net/around/bikes/bikes-metro/ South Bay participating cities that operate transit services could begin a campaign so that bicyclists will feel comfortable combining their trips with transit. Page 360 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 307 South Bay participating cities could partner to develop a region- wide map to show connectivity between the South Bay cities, which could be available on paper and/or online. Schools may create specialized biking and walking maps to direct students to walk and bicycle along the safest routes to school, such as those used in Manhattan Beach. These specialized maps may include arrows to indicate the routes and show stop signs, signals, crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, overcrossings, and crossing guard locations surrounding the school. The maps could focus on the attendance boundary of a particular school. Routes should take advantage of low volume residential streets and off-street facilities such as bike paths, sidewalks, and pedestrian bridges. 10.2.2 Community Bikeway Adoption Community Bikeway Adoption programs resemble the widely instituted Adopt-a-Highway programs throughout the country. These programs identify local individuals, organizations, or businesses interested in “adopting” a bikeway, walkway, or shared- use path. “Adopting” a facility means that a person or group is responsible for the facility’s maintenance, either through direct action or funding the City’s maintenance of that facility. For example, members of a local recreation group may volunteer every other weekend to sweep a bikeway and identify larger maintenance needs. Alternatively, a local bike shop may adopt a bikeway by providing funding for the maintenance costs. Some adopted bikeways post sponsors’ names on bikeway signs to display their commitment to bicycling. 10.2.3 Share the Road Education Campaign A Share the Road campaign educates motorists, bicyclists and pedestrians about their legal rights and responsibilities on the road, and the need for increased courtesy and cooperation among all users. Share the Road campaigns often hold periodic traffic checkpoints along roadways with concentrated bicycle and pedestrian activity. Motorists, bicyclists and pedestrians stop at these checkpoints to receive a Share the Road flyer from police officers and can give feedback to officers regarding the campaign. Checkpoints can also occur along local bikeways and paths. Public service announcements on radio and television can help promote Share the Road campaigns educate motorists, bicyclists and pedestrians about their legal rights and responsibilities on the road. Page 361 of 535 Chapter Ten | Recommended Programs 308 | Alta Planning + Design the Share the Road campaign. The Marin County Bicycle Coalition offers an example of a successful Share the Road campaign.30 10.3 Enforcement Programs Motorists, pedestrians and bicyclists alike are sometimes unaware of each other’s rights as they travel city streets. Enforcement programs target unsafe bicyclist and motorist behaviors and enforce laws that reduce bicycle/motor vehicle collisions and conflicts. Enforcement fosters mutual respect between roadway users and improves safety. These programs generally require coordination between law enforcement, transportation agencies, and bicycling organizations. Educating the public through enforcement policies will supplement the physical improvements made in the South Bay region. 10.3.1 Directed Enforcement Target Audience: Bicyclists and motorists Traffic enforcement agencies enforce laws pertaining to bicycles as part of the responsible normal operations. Directed enforcement is one way to publicize bicycle laws in a highly visible and public manner. Examples of directed enforcement actions include: intersection patrols, handing out informational sheets to motorists, bicyclists and pedestrians; and enforcing speed limits and right-of- way. This can help with issues prevalent in the South Bay, such as motorists parking in the bicycle lanes, and bicyclists running red lights and stop signs. 10.3.2 Speed Radar Trailer/Speed Feedback Signs Target Audience: Motorists Speed radar trailers can help reduce traffic speeds and enforce speed limits in areas with speeding problems. Police set up an unmanned trailer that displays the speed of approaching motorists along with a speed limit sign. Speed trailers may be effective on busier arterial roads without bikeway facilities or near schools with reported speeding. The speed trailer’s roadway placement should not obstruct bicycle traffic. Speed trailers work as both an educational and enforcement tool. By itself, the unmanned trailer educates motorists about their current speed in relation to the speed limit. 30 www.marinbike.org/Campaigns/ShareTheRoad/Index.shtml. Speed radar trailers can help reduce speeds. Page 362 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 309 Speed trailers can transport easily to streets where local residents complain about speeding problems. The cities’ police departments could station officers near the trailer to issue speeding citations when speeding continues to occur. City staff could provide the management role for this program, working with the public to determine which locations are in most need. This program can be administered randomly, cyclically, or as demand necessitates because of the speed trailers’ portability. 10.3.3 Bicycle Patrol Units Target Audience: Bicyclists and motorists On-bike officers are an excellent tool for community and neighborhood policing because they are more accessible to the public and able to mobilize in areas where patrol cars cannot (e.g., overcrossings and paths). Bike officers undergo special training in bicycle safety and bicycle-related traffic laws and are therefore especially equipped to enforce laws pertaining to bicycling. Bicycle officers help educate bicyclists and motorists through enforcement and also serve as excellent outreach personnel to the public at parades, street fairs, and other gatherings. 10.4 Encouragement Programs Encouragement programs focus on encouraging people to bicycle more frequently by providing incentives, recognition, or services that make bicycling a more convenient and viable transportation mode. 10.4.1 Bike to Work Day/Week Bike to Work Day/Week is celebrated nationwide as part of “Bike Month” every May. Jurisdictions throughout the United States hold events to encourage new people to ride bicycles and existing riders to continue to commute by bicycle. Throughout the day or week, agencies hold events to encourage people to participate in the program, such as free breakfast to bicyclists at several stations throughout their jurisdictions. Some of the South Bay cities participate in Bike to Work Day/Week, though all of the cities could join their efforts and support a region-wide program with stations throughout the cities. Torrance, for example, hosts a Bike to Work Day pit-stop in front of City Hall that is open to the public. The Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and the South Bay Bicycle Coalition could also partner with the cities to enhance these events. On-bike officers can offer increased enforcement of laws pertaining to bicycling. Page 363 of 535 Chapter Ten | Recommended Programs 310 | Alta Planning + Design 10.4.2 Bicycle Commuter Campaigns A Bicycle Commuter Campaign encourages people to commute by bicycle and to make the general public aware that bicycling is a practical mode of transportation. San Luis Obispo (SLO) Regional Rideshare, for example, organizes the “Commute for Cash Challenge” every October as part of “Rideshare Month” in which commuters log the miles that they commute using alternative transportation for a chance to win prizes.31 The City of Torrance currently has an organized employee rideshare program, that provides incentives to employees who use vanpools, carpools, transit, walk, and ride a bicycle as their transportation to work. This program could serve as a starting point for the other participating cities. The South Bay participating cities could also implement a campaign to highlight bicycling as a commute mode and encourage new riders to try it. 10.4.3 Organized Bike Rides Organized group bicycle rides can encourage new riders to try riding a bicycle as they are designed to make all participants feel safe and confident. Formalized rides are led by an experienced rider who ensures that participants follow all bicycle regulations and safety measures, and usually one of the ride organizers will remain in the back of the group to guarantee that no riders are left behind. The participating cities could work with local bicycle advocacy groups to organize regional group rides so that residents can feel more comfortable riding in the South Bay. These rides could be promoted by way of an online events calendar or other means. Local cycling and advocacy groups, such as the South Bay Bicycle Coalition, Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and Beach Cities Cycling Club organize several group bicycle rides on a regular basis. The “Sunday Funday” ride, for example, is a monthly group ride for LACBC members of all ages and abilities. Each month LACBC leads bicyclists on an exploration of a different portion of the County. A similar ride would be an opportunity for the South Bay to highlight its new bikeways once constructed. Cities are encouraged to work with local groups to promote and connect the community to cycling activities. 31 http://www.rideshare.org/CommuteforCashChallenge2010.aspx The participating cities should work with the Los Angeles County and South Bay Bicycle Coalitions to provide secure bicycle parking at regularly occurring events. Page 364 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 311 10.4.4 Event Bicycle Parking Providing safe and secure bicycle parking helps encourage individuals to bicycle. San Francisco passed a city ordinance that requires all major city events to provide bike parking and pioneered an innovative tool for stacking hundreds of bicycles without racks.32 The South Bay participating cities may consider temporary bicycle parking for events with expected large attendance and at regularly occurring events like a farmers market. LACBC, SBBC, and the Beach Cities Cycling Club all offer secure, professional, and attended bike valet services. The participating cities could work with these groups to provide this service at their events. 10.4.5 Bicycle Maintenance Stations An effective way to encourage riding is by providing free maintenance stations at popular destinations. The City of Cambridge, for example, has free bicycle maintenance stations in several trip-generating locations. These stations include items such as tire gauges, pumps, and tools for small bicycle repairs. Bicycle maintenance stations are an inexpensive alternative to providing stand-alone bicycle repair shops. The South Bay participating cities could install them at activity centers, including schools and the Strand. 10.4.6 Bicycle Friendly Business Program Local businesses have the potential to encourage bicycling by providing their patrons that commute by bicycle with discounts and other amenities. The participating South Bay cities may consider starting a regional “Bicycle Friendly Business” program that honors South Bay businesses that support bicycling. The program could assign a gold, silver, or bronze designation to businesses that apply for the program based on the level of benefits they provide bicyclists. The League of American Bicyclists has a Bicycle Friendly Business program as part of its Bicycle Friendly Communities designation, which would act as a good model for the South Bay participating cities to follow.33 10.4.7 Ciclovias/ “Sunday Streets” First implemented in Bogota, Colombia, the Ciclovia is a community event based around a street closure. Ciclovias provide 32 www.sfbike.org/?valet 33 http://www.bikeleague.org/programs/bicyclefriendlyamerica/bicyclefriendlybusiness/about.php Ciclovias can highlight the South Bay’s new bikeways once constructed. Page 365 of 535 Chapter Ten | Recommended Programs 312 | Alta Planning + Design local recreational and business opportunities for the community and are increasingly popular citywide events. Ciclovias can combine with other popular community events to promote walking and bicycling as a form of viable transportation. Ideally, Ciclovias should provide access to civic, cultural, or commercial destinations. The City of Los Angeles has hosted two ciclovias, called “CicLAvia,” since October 2010. At both CicLAvia events, routes went through downtown Los Angeles. The participating cities could work with the event organizers to create a route through the South Bay. This would be an opportunity to highlight some of the South Bay’s new bikeways once constructed.34 10.4.8 Bike Wrangler A bike wrangler program gathers used and abandoned bicycles and distributes them to people who cannot afford bicycles. The bike wrangler can collect from many sources of used bicycles, including local police department auctions, universities, and individuals. The bike wrangler partners with bicycle shops or bicycle repair cooperatives to store and repair the bicycles. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health recently funded a Bike Wrangler program. The Los Angeles County Cycling Collaborative (CCC), which is a partnership of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and the County’s five bicycle repair cooperatives, will be administering the program from a space near downtown Los Angeles. The participating cities could work with this existing program by connecting their local institutions to the CCC Bike Wrangler. They can work with the Bike Wrangler to bring bicycle workshops and refurbished bicycles to the South Bay. 10.5 Monitoring and Evaluation In order to track the progress of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan, it is critical that the participating cities monitor and evaluate changes in bicycling. 10.5.1 Annual Bicycle Counts and Surveys As a mechanism for tracking bicycling trends over time and for evaluating the impact of bicycle projects, policies, and programs from the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan, the participating cities 34 More information is available at www.healthystreets.org/pages/sunday_parkways.htm and http://www.ciclavia.org The bike wrangler partners with bicycle shops or bicycle repair cooperatives to store and repair the bicycles. Page 366 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 313 may consider partnering with local advocacy groups and volunteers to conduct annual bicycle counts. Count locations should at minimum include the locations that were part of the 2010 count effort. Ongoing count data will enable the cities to analyze changes in bicycling levels and to track the impact of new bicycle infrastructure. As a means of engaging the South Bay community in bicycle counts, the cities of El Segundo, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach, and Redondo Beach could partner to install an automated bicycle counter on the Strand that publicly displays the cumulative number of bicyclists counted. Annual surveys should also be conducted to measure “attitudes” about bicycling. These surveys could be either online surveys or intercept surveys. Surveys should determine if bicyclists are reacting positively or negatively to bicycle facilities and programs implemented. Results of the counts and surveys can inform future bicycling planning efforts and be presented to the Bicycle Advisory Committee at regular meetings. 10.5.2 Mobility Coordinator Position A number of cities around the country staff a part- or full-time Mobility Coordinator position. Cities with such a position usually experience relative success in bike plan implementation. To take full advantage of current bicycle planning and safety efforts and to assist with implementation of bicycling programs, the South Bay Cities Council of Governments (SBCCOG) should consider creating and staffing an ongoing mobility coordinator position to assist the participating cities in multi-jurisdictional implementation and grant funding efforts. This position would be contingent on available funding. Should SBCCOG not obtain funding, each city should arrange for existing or new staff to dedicate time towards implementation of the bike plan and applying for relevant grants funds. In addition to supporting existing programs, such as bicycling parking provision and educational activities, potential job duties for this staff position are listed below. See policy section 3.2 in Chapter 2 for details on tasks of the Mobility Coordinator.  Monitoring facility planning, design, and construction that may impact bicycling  Staffing bicycle advisory committee meetings  Coordinating the implementation of the recommended projects and programs listed in this Plan The participating cities should conduct annual bicycle counts and surveys to track bicycling trends over time. Page 367 of 535 Chapter Ten | Recommended Programs 314 | Alta Planning + Design  Identifying new projects and programs that would improve the city’s bicycling environment and improve safety for bicyclists, pedestrians, and motorists  Coordinating evaluation of projects and programs, such as bicycle counts  Pursuing funding sources for project and program implementation Page 368 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 315 Chapter 11 Wayfinding and Signage Plan Page 369 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 316| Alta Planning + Design Page 370 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 317 11 Wayfinding and Signage Plan This chapter presents a regional bicycle wayfinding and signage plan for the South Bay participating cities that will support the proposed bikeway network, while simultaneously creating an identity for the South Bay participating cities’ bikeways. Such prominent and unique identification will be important to wayfinding for bicyclists using the first multi-jurisdictional inter- connected bikeway system. The signage plan presented here is meant to assure bicyclists that they are using a network that is continuous and easily navigated. The regional bicycle wayfinding system will direct bicyclists to major destinations in the South Bay, such as downtown areas, commercial centers, and transit hubs. Recommended signage presented in this plan should be placed on all existing and proposed routes. This chapter is organized by proposed signage design, signage location, kiosks, and collaborative efforts. 11.1 1BSignage Design Bicycle wayfinding signage provides destination, direction, and distance information to bicyclists navigating through the South Bay bicycle network. The proposed design guidelines use standard signs from the federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), as well as the California MUTCD. MUTCD signs used in this signage plan include:  D11-1: Bicycle Route Guide Sign  D1-1b: Destination Supplemental Sign  M7-1 through M7-7: Directional Arrow Supplemental Sign Using signage standards outlined in the MUTCD allows for signage that is consistent throughout jurisdictions. However, the proposed signs include revised modifications to brand the South Bay bicycle network, as well as bicycle facilities in each participating city. Table 11-2 further explains these modifications. 11.1.1 5B Design Guidelines The South Bay bicycle wayfinding signage system recommends the following three sign types:  Standard signs: Confirm a bicyclist is riding on a designated bikeway  Turn signs: Specify where a bikeway turns to prepare bicyclists in advance D11-1: Bicycle Route Guide Sign Page 371 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 318| Alta Planning + Design  Hybrid Confirmation and Decision signs: Confirm a bicyclist is riding on a designated bikeway; include mileage to key destinations that can be accessed by the bikeways; and provide directional arrows to key destinations. In some instances, they also identify the junction of two or more bikeways Table 11-1 displays design and placement standards for the three recommended sign types presented in this chapter. Figures 11-1, 11- 2, 11-3, 11-4 and 11-5 illustrate the signage design guidelines. Example Hybrid Confirmation and Decision Sign. Page 372 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 319 Table 11-1: Design Standards for Recommended Sign Types Type Sign Type Design Standards Placement Standard Signs  Bicycle Route Guide Sign D11-1 size: 24” wide x18” tall N/A  One sign per ¼ directional mile (mid-block) and at the far side of key intersections Turn Signs  Bicycle Route Guide Sign D11-1 size: 24” wide x 18” tall  Directional Arrow Supplemental Signs M7-1 through M7-7 size: 12” wide x 9” tall N/A  Signs should be placed the at the following distances before an intersection depending on the number of lanes a bicyclist must travel across in order to initiate a legal left turn:  25 feet before a zero lane merge  100 feet before a one lane merge  200 feet before a two lane merge Hybrid Confirmation and Decision Signs  Bicycle Route Guide Sign D11-1 size: 24” wide x18” tall  Destination Supplemental Signs D1-1b size: 24” wide  Maximum of one destination per plaque  A maximum of three destinations shall be listed  Destinations shall use upper case and lower case letters  For destination names that do not fit on one line abbreviations or two-line entry may be used  Destinations shall be listed by closest proximity to the sign placement  Signs shall include the bikeway’s endpoint along the length of the route  Where a bikeway ends at a location with no obvious destination, use the closest major destination on an intersecting bikeway or the intersecting street if there is no obvious destination  Common symbols are to be used to convey destination information in a space-efficient manner (see Figure 11-5 and Figure 11- 6)  Directional arrows shall be placed to the left of a destination  Straight arrows shall be centered over the left and right arrow  Two signs per directional mile  Signs should be placed at the following distances before an intersection depending on the number of lanes a bicyclist must travel across in order to initiate a legal left turn:  25 feet before a zero lane merge  100 feet before a one lane merge  200 feet before a two lane merge Page 373 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 320| Alta Planning + Design Figure 11-1: Sign Types Page 374 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 321 Figure 11-2: South Bay D11-1 Layout Details Page 375 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 322| Alta Planning + Design Figure 11-3: D1-1b Layout Details Page 376 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 323 Figure 11-4: South Bay and Participating City Logos used on signs Page 377 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 324| Alta Planning + Design Figure 11-5: Los Angeles Metro and Bicycle Parking symbols used on signs Page 378 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 325 As noted earlier in this chapter, recommended signs deviate slightly from MUTCD standard signs. Table 11-2 presents differences between the MUTCD and South Bay recommended sign standards. Table 11-2: Modifications to MUTCD Design Sign Layout Specifications Modification Explanation Developing a Hybrid sign from the standard MUTCD confirmation and decision sign (D1-1b) , which incorporates direction, destination name and distance Provides bicyclists with maximum wayfinding information for improved usage and support of the overall network Reduces horizontal perimeter from 1.5” to 0.75” Increases ability to accommodate lengthy destination names Incorporating symbols with destination names Increases ability to accommodate lengthy destination names in addition to improving communication for users Maintains 24” wide supplemental sign (D1-1b) Consistency across the network increases user familiarly as well as allows for the addition of destinations as the bikeway network is implemented Uses FHWA 2000 (Highway Gothic) C series condensed font series (rather than D series) Increases ability to accommodate lengthy destination names; maintains 2” cap height; consistent with the cities of Chicago and Seattle Inclusion of South Bay and City Logos on D11-1 sign, by reducing cap height of “BIKE ROUTE” to 2” (from 3”) Providing the Logos allows for improved identification and branding of the South Bay bicycle network, as well as the participating cities 11.1.2 6BS Sample Signage Figure 11-6 through Figure 11-12 present sample signage for each of the participating South Bay cities. Signs will include the logo of the city it is located in, as well as the South Bay bikeway logo. Since color signs may result in high costs, the logos could also be printed in black and white. Page 379 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 326| Alta Planning + Design Figure 11-6: Sample Wayfinding sign for El Segundo Page 380 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 327 Figure 11-7: Sample Wayfinding sign for Gardena Page 381 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 328| Alta Planning + Design Figure 11-8: Sample Wayfinding sign for Hermosa Beach Page 382 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 329 Figure 11-9: Sample Wayfinding sign for Lawndale Page 383 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 330| Alta Planning + Design Figure 11-10: Sample Wayfinding sign for Manhattan Beach Page 384 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 331 Figure 11-11: Sample Wayfinding sign for Redondo Beach Page 385 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 332| Alta Planning + Design Figure 11-12: Sample Wayfinding sign for Torrance Page 386 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 333 11.1.3 Specifications In order to have consistency in the wayfinding system, it is important to follow a set of specifications for sign placement and installation. Table 11-3 displays specifications for the recommended South Bay wayfinding signage. Some cities may already have sign placement and installation standards, in which case they could choose to continue using those for guidance. Table 11-3: Specifications for Implementation of signage Specifications  The standard pole for bikeway guide signs is a 2” square perforated unistrut pole  The pole should be placed 18” to 24” in the ground, depending upon the overall weight of the signs and the soil/pavement conditions.  Heavy sign installations may require poles up to 36” into the ground.  Poles of 12’ in length are generally adequate to accommodate a D11-1 with a supplementary D1-1b sign. Longer poles are needed if additional signs will share the same pole.  The D11-1 should be installed at 10’ in height as measured from the top edge of the sign. This height will allow for the installation of supplementary signs while maintaining a minimum 7’ clearance to the bottom edge of the bottom sign.  When a D11-1 is mounted on a pole with an existing parking restriction sign, the D11-1 and any supplementary sign should be located above the parking restriction sign.  Signs shall not be mounted to utility poles or traffic signal mast arms  Existing poles should be used wherever practical. 11.2 2BSignage Locations Table 11-4 presents a list of suggested key destinations for each participating South Bay city. The cities may modify this list in the future as needed. Appendix L provides maps illustrating the approximate location of key destinations in each city, as well as proposed signage routes based upon estimated frequency of use and proximity to areas of interest. Page 387 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 334| Alta Planning + Design Table 11-4: Key Destinations by Participating City Destination El Segundo Beach (end of Grand Ave) Chevron refinery El Segundo City Hall/Downtown Josyln Community Center El Segundo Public Library The Urho Saari Swim Stadium Imperial and Main Street El Segundo and Nash Greenline Metro Station Mattel Corporation Mariposa and Nash Greenline Metro Station Campus El Segundo Athletic Fields Boeing Corporation Los Angeles Air Force Base Aviation/LAX Greenline Metro Station Plaza El Segundo Gardena Crenshaw Greenline Metro Station Dominguez Channel Bikeway at El Segundo Blvd and Crenshaw Blvd Dominguez Channel Bikeway at Rosecrans Ave and Crenshaw Blvd El Camino College Gardena Civic Center/Nakaoka Community Center Gardena Mayme Dear Library Hermosa Beach Hermosa Beach Pier Plaza Hermosa Beach City Hall/Upper Pier Hermosa Beach Library/Upper Pier Valley Park Lawndale Lawndale Civic Center/Library Jane Adams Park Rogers-Anderson Park Proposed Lawndale Metro Station at Rosecrans Ave and Manhattan Beach Blvd Manhattan Beach Manhattan Beach Pier/Roundhouse Marine Studies Lab and Aquarium Live Oak Park and Josyln Community Center Manhattan Beach City Hall and Library Page 388 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 335 Manhattan Beach Library North Manhattan Beach/El Porto Manhattan Village Mall Polliwog Park and the Creative Arts Center AdventurePlex (Marine Ave Park and Marine Ave Sports Complex) Downtown Manhattan Beach Metlox Redondo Beach Redondo Beach Riviera Village Esplanade Dominguez Park / Dog Park North Redondo Beach Bikeway at Marine Ave and Redondo Beach Ave North Redondo Beach Bikeway at Artesia Blvd and Inglewood Ave North Redondo Beach Bikeway at Lilienthal Ln and 190th street (Lilienthal Park) Torrance Torrance Beach Torrance Airport / Zamperini Field Madrona Marsh Nature Center Wilson Park Downtown Torrance El Prado Park and Torrance History Museum Torrance City Hall and Library Page 389 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 336| Alta Planning + Design 11.3 Kiosks In addition to an effective signage system, the South Bay Signage plan also proposes the installation of informational kiosks to support the proposed bikeway network and signage. Proposed kiosk locations should be located at key destinations and include bicycle facility information for the participating cities and the South Bay region as a whole. 11.3.1 7B Design Guidelines Potential locations for kiosks include key destinations in each City are provided in Appendix L. Figure 11-13 and Figure 11-14 present sample kiosk prototypes as potential designs for the cities’ use. These are simply conceptual in design and can be modified to conform with each cities’ existing signage plans. Figure 11-15 displays a potential placement of the sample kiosk. The design guidelines for kiosks will vary per each city’s design preferences and existing standards. However, it is recommended that the participating cities use similar guidelines to create consistency across jurisdictions and brand the South Bay bicycle network. Kiosks should provide the following information:  A map of key destinations in each city  A map of the bicycle network in the city  A map of the entire South Bay Bicycle Network  The South Bay Bicycle Network Logo Recommended supplemental resources for the kiosks include:  Bicycle parking information  Fold-up bicycle maps of the South Bay Bicycle Network  Information regarding bicycle related activities in the area  Bike safety information and other bicycle resources Page 390 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 337 Figure 11-13: Sample Kiosk Prototype Page 391 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 338| Alta Planning + Design Figure 11-14: Sample Kiosk Prototype Page 392 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 339 Figure 11-15: Potential Placement of Sample Kiosk Photo Source: Dan Burden/WALC Institute for Vitality CityPage 393 of 535 Chapter Eleven | Wayfinding and Signage Plan 340| Alta Planning + Design 11.4 Collaborative Efforts The South Bay participating cities should consider working with other nearby agencies to provide consistent bicycle wayfinding signage throughout the South Bay and the County of Los Angeles. This will allow bicyclists to easily navigate to and from bikeways in adjacent communities and create an overall seamless network. The South Bay participating cities should coordinate efforts with the following adjacent jurisdictions:  City of Hawthorne  City of Inglewood  City of Lomita  City of Los Angeles  City of Palos Verdes Estates  City of Rolling Hills Estates  County of Los Angeles The participating cities should also consider partnering with the following agencies to install wayfinding signage that will help bicyclists navigate to the South Bay bikeways:  Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro)  Amtrak  Metrolink The participating cities should consider partnering with non-profit organizations, schools, and bicycle advocacy groups like the South Bay and Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalitions in a pursuit for funding opportunities and grants for wayfinding signage. Potential funds would help with capital and maintenance expenses associated with wayfinding signage. Partnerships often strengthen grant applications making them more likely to be selected. Page 394 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 341 Chapter 12 Funding Page 395 of 535 Chapter Twelve | Funding 342| Alta Planning + Design Page 396 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 343 12 Funding All levels of government contain programs that can potentially fund bicycle projects, programs, and plans. This section covers federal, state, and regional sources of bicycle funding. Many funding sources are highly competitive. Therefore, it is not possible to determine exactly which projects will receive funding from specific funding sources. Table 12-1 serves as a general guide to funding sources. Staff should refer to current guidelines provided by the granting agency when pursuing any funding opportunity. Table 12-1: Funding Sources Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Federally-Administered Funding Transportation, Community and System Preservation Program** Varies, generally January or February. Federal Transit Administration $204 million nationally in 2009 20% States, MPOs, local governments and tribal agencies X X X Implementation grants provide financial resources to enact activities that address transportation efficiency, while meeting community preservation and environmental goals. Policy and program examples include spending policies that direct funds to high-growth regions; urban growth boundaries to guide metropolitan expansion; and “green corridor” programs that provide access to highway corridors in areas targeted for efficient and compact development. Program officials are not currently accepting applications past 2011. In most years, Congress has identified projects to be selected for funding through the TCSP program. The South Bay cities should track the program over the long term and apply if the program is extended. Page 397 of 535 Chapter Twelve | Funding 344| Alta Planning + Design Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Federal Lands Highway Programs** Not available Federal Highway Administration $1,019 million nationally in 2009 States X X Grant funds are allocated for highways, roads, and parkways (which can include bicycle and pedestrian facilities) and transit facilities that provide access to or within public lands, national parks, and Indian reservations. Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program Aug 1 for the following fiscal year National Parks Service Program staff time is awarded. Not applicable Public agencies X RTCA staff provides technical assistance to communities to conserve rivers, preserve open space, and develop trails and greenways. The program provides only for planning assistance – there are no implementation monies available. Paul S. Sarbanes Transit in Parks and Public Lands Program Varies, Generally October. Federal Transit Administration $27 million nationally in 2009 Not available Federal, State, local and tribal agencies that manage federal lands X X Grant funds transportation modes that reduce congestion in parks and public lands. Page 398 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 345 Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Partnership for Sustainable Communities Not applicable Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Varies Not applicable Varies by grant X X X Though not a formal agency, the Partnership for Sustainable Communities is a joint project of the EPA, the HUD, and the USDOT. One goal of the project is to expand transportation options that improve air quality and public health, which has already resulted in several new grant opportunities (including TIGER I and TIGER II grants). The participating cities should track Partnership communications and be prepared to respond proactively to announcements of new grant programs. New Freedom Initiative** Not available U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Not available Not applicable Public agencies X X Grant funds provide capital and operating costs to provide transportation services and facility improvements that exceed those required by the Americans with Disabilities Act. Pedestrian improvements include installing Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS), enhancing transit stops to improve accessibility, and establishing a mobility coordinator position. Page 399 of 535 Chapter Twelve | Funding 346| Alta Planning + Design Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Surface Transportation Program** Not available Federal Highway Administration $6,577 million nationally in 2009 Not applicable States and local governments X X X Grants fund projects on any federal-aid highway. Bicycle and pedestrian improvements include on-street facilities, off-street paths, sidewalks, crosswalks, bicycle and pedestrian signals, parking, and other ancillary facilities. Non-construction projects, such as maps, bicycle/pedestrian coordinator positions, and encouragement programs are eligible. The modification of sidewalks to comply with the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is also an eligible activity. Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ)** Not available Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration $1,777 million nationally in 2009 Not applicable States and Metropolitan Planning Organizations in air quality non-attainment and maintenance areas X X X Funds are allocated for transportation projects that aim to reduce transportation related emissions. Funds can be used for construction of bicycle transportation facilities and pedestrian walkways or for non-construction projects related to safe bicycling and walking (i.e. maps and brochures). Page 400 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 347 Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Transportation Enhancements** Not available Federal Highway Administration 10 percent of State Transportation Program funds Not applicable States X X X Funds are a set-aside of Surface Transportation Program (STP) monies designated for Transportation Enhancement (TE) activities, which include the pedestrians and bicycles facilities, safety and educational activities for pedestrians and bicyclists, and the preservation of abandoned railway corridors (including the conversion and use thereof for pedestrian and bicycle trails). Highway Safety Improvement Program** October Federal Highway Administration $1,296 million nationally in 2009 Varies between 0% and 10% City, county or federal land manager X X X Funds projects on publicly-owned roadways or bicycle/pedestrian pathways or trails that address a safety issue and may include education and enforcement programs. This program includes the Railroad-Highway Crossings and High Risk Rural Roads programs. Community Development Block Grants Varies between grants U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) $42.8 m Varies between grants City, county X X X Funds local community development activities such as affordable housing, anti-poverty programs, and infrastructure development. Can be used to build sidewalks and recreational facilities. Recreational Trails Program** October CA Dept. of Parks and Recreation $1.3 m in 2010 12% Agencies and organizations that manage public lands X X X Provides funds to states for acquisition of easements for trails from willing sellers, maintenance and restoration of existing trails, construction of new paved or unpaved trails, and operation of educational programs to promote safety and environmental protection related to trails. Page 401 of 535 Chapter Twelve | Funding 348| Alta Planning + Design Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Federal Safe Routes to School** Mid-July Federal Highway Administration Max. funding cap for infrastructure project: $1 million. Max funding cap for non-infrastructure project: 500,000 none State, city, county, MPOs, RTPAs and other organizations that partner with one of the above. X X X Grant funds for infrastructure and non-infrastructure projects. Infrastructure projects are engineering projects or capital improvements that will substantially improve safety and the ability of students to walk and bicycle to school. Non-infrastructure projects are education/encouragement/enforcement activities that are intended to change community behavior, attitudes, and social norms to make it safer for children in grades K-8 to walk and bicycle to school. Petroleum Violation Escrow Account Not applicable Department of Energy Varies annually None Local and regional agencies X X PVEA funds come from fines paid by oil companies in the 70s for violating oil price caps set by the federal government. Funds are used for projects that save energy, such as public transportation, computerized bus routing and ride sharing, home weatherization, energy assistance and building energy audits, highway and bridge maintenance, and reducing airport user fees. Page 402 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 349 Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Community Transformation Grant July Centers for Disease Control and Prevention $50,000-10,000,000 per applicant Not applicable State and local governmental agencies, tribes and territories, and national and community-based organizations X X Funding is available to support evidence and practice-based community and clinical prevention and wellness strategies that will lead to specific, measurable health outcomes to reduce chronic disease rates. Bicycle and pedestrian improvements are applicable as they encourage physical activity, which has been proven to reduce the risks of diseases associated with inactivity. State-Administered Funding Bicycle Transportation Account March Caltrans $7.2 million Minimum 10% local match on construction Public agencies X X X Funds bicycle projects that improve safety and convenience of bicycle commuters. In addition to construction and planning, funds may be used for right of way acquisition. California Safe Routes to School Varies Caltrans $24.5 million 10% Cities and counties X X SR2S is primarily a construction program to enhance safety of pedestrian and bicycle facilities near schools. State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) December Caltrans Varies None Cities X X X The STIP is a multi-year capital improvement program of transportation projects on and off the State Highway System, funded with revenues from the Transportation Investment Fund and other funding sources. Page 403 of 535 Chapter Twelve | Funding 350| Alta Planning + Design Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes State Coastal Conservancy Rolling State Coastal Conservancy Varies None Public agencies, non-profit organizations X X X Projects must be in accordance with Division 21 and meet the goals and objectives of the Conservancy’s strategic plan. More information can be found at http://scc.ca.gov/applying-for-grants-and-assistance/forms. California Conservation Corps On-going California Conservation Corps CCC donates labor hours None Federal and state agencies, city, county, school district, NPO, private industry X X Funds projects that improve public access to and along the coast, natural resource protection and restoration in the coastal zone or affecting coastal areas, restoration of coastal urban waterfronts, protection of coastal agricultural land, and resolution of land use conflicts. CCC provides labor assistance on construction projects and annual maintenance. Community Based Transportation Planning March Caltrans $3 million 20% MPO, RPTA, city, county X Eligible projects that exemplify livable community concepts including enhancing bicycle and pedestrian access. Page 404 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 351 Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Land and Water Conservation Fund March NPS, CA Dept. of Parks and Recreation $2.3 million in CA in 2009 50% + 2-6% administration surcharge Cities, counties and districts authorized to operate, acquire, develop and maintain park and recreation facilities X X Fund provides matching grants to state and local governments for the acquisition and development of land for outdoor recreation areas. Lands acquired through program must be retained in perpetuity for public recreational use. Individual project awards are not available. The Department of Parks and Recreation levies a surcharge for administering the funds. The LCWF could fund the development of river-adjacent bicycle facilities. Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Program October California Natural Resources Agency $10 million None Federal, State, local agencies and NPO X X Support projects that offset environmental impacts of modified or new public transportation facilities. These projects can include highway landscaping and urban forestry projects, roadside recreation projects, and projects to acquire or enhance resource lands. EEMP funds projects in California, at an annual project average of $250,000. Funds may be used for land acquisition. State Highway Operations and Protection Program (SHOPP) Not Available Caltrans $1.69 million statewide annually through FY 2013/14 Not Available Local and regional agencies X X Capital improvements and maintenance projects that relate to maintenance, safety and rehabilitation of state highways and bridges. Page 405 of 535 Chapter Twelve | Funding 352| Alta Planning + Design Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Office of Traffic Safety (OTS) Grants January Caltrans Varies annually - $82 million statewide in FY 2009/2010 None Government agencies, state colleges, state universities, city, county, school district, fire department, public emergency service provider X Funds are used to establish new traffic safety programs, expand ongoing programs, or address deficiencies in current programs. Bicycle safety is included in the list of traffic safety priority areas. Grant funding cannot replace existing program expenditures, nor can traffic safety funds be used for program maintenance, research, rehabilitation, or construction. Evaluation criteria to assess needs include potential traffic safety impact, collision statistics and rankings, seriousness of problems, and performance on previous OTS grants. Transportation Development Act (TDA) Article 3 (SB 821) Not applicable State of California and Ventura County Transportation Commission Varies Not applicable Cities and counties X X Funds are a percentage of the state sales tax given annually to local jurisdictions for bicycle and pedestrian projects. Funds may be used for engineering expenses leading to construction, right-of-way acquisition, construction and reconstruction, retrofitting existing facilities, route improvements, and bicycle support facilities. Habitat Conservation Fund October CA Department of Parks and Recreation $2 million Requires a dollar-for-dollar match of grant funds Cities, counties, and districts X X Funds provide grants to protect fish, wildlife, and native plant resources, to acquire or develop wildlife corridors and trails, and to provide for nature interpretation programs and other programs which bring urban residents into park and wildlife areas. Page 406 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 353 Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Tire-Derived Product Grant Program Varies CA Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) Varies Not applicable Public agencies and qualifying tribes X Promotes markets for recycled-content products derived from waste tires generated in California and decrease the adverse environmental impacts created by unlawful disposal and stockpiling of waste tires. Funds can be used to purchase materials for bicycle and pedestrian projects, including sidewalks/pathways, accessibility ramps, and traffic safety products. Regional- and Local-Administered Funding Metro Call for Projects (CFP) January LA Metro Varies annually None Public agencies that provide transportation facilities or services within Los Angeles County X X X Co-funds new regionally significant capital projects that improve all modes of surface transportation. Relevant categories include Bikeway Improvements; Regional Surface Transportation Improvements; Transportation Enhancement Activities; Transportation Demand Management; and Pedestrian Improvements. Proposition A N/A LA County Varies None Cities and unincorporated communities in LA County A half-cent sales tax dedicated to transportation funding. One-fourth of the funds go to Local Return Programs. The monies help these entities develop and improve local public transit, paratransit, and related transportation infrastructure Page 407 of 535 Chapter Twelve | Funding 354| Alta Planning + Design Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Proposition C N/A LA County Varies None Cities and unincorporated communities in LA County Revenues are allocated into categories including Rail & Bus Security; Commuter Rail, Transit Centers and Park and Ride Lots; Local Return; and, Transit Related Improvements to Streets and Highways. Supports projects and programs developed with Prop A funds. Measure R N/A LA County Varies none Cities and unincorporated communities in LA County X X X A half-cent sales tax to finance new transportation projects and programs, and accelerate many of those already in process. Adopt-A-Trail Programs Not applicable Local trail commission or non-profit Varies Not applicable Local governments X X These programs used to fund new construction, renovation, trail brochures, informational kiosks and other amenities. These programs can also be extended to include sponsorship of trail segments for maintenance needs. Design Arts Program Varies by grant National Endowment for the Arts Varies A nonfederal match of at least 1 to 1 Counties, local governments, public entities, or nonprofits X X Provides grants to states and local agencies, individuals and nonprofit organizations for projects that incorporate urban design, historic preservation, planning, architecture, landscape architecture and other community improvement activities, including greenway development. Grants to organizations and agencies must be matched by a 50% local contribution. Agencies can receive up to $50,000. Page 408 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 355 Funding Source Due Date* Administering Agency Annual Total Matching Requirement Eligible Applicants Planning Con-struction Other Notes Other Funding Sources Community Action for a Renewed Environment March US EPA Varies Not Available Applicant must fall within the statutory terms of EPA’s research and demonstration grant authorities X X Grant program to help community organize and take action to reduce toxic pollution in its local environment Bikes Belong Grant Multiple dates throughout year. Bikes Belong Not Available 50% minimum Organizations and agencies X X Bikes Belong provides grants for up to $10,000 with a 50% match that recipients may use towards paths, bridges and parks. Volunteer and Public-Private Partnerships Not Applicable City, county, joint powers authority Varies Not Applicable Public agency, private industry, schools, community groups X X Requires community-based initiative to implement improvements. * Due dates are subject to change due to pending authorization of a new federal transportation bill. ** Program is one of many programs authorized under SAFETEA-LU and current funding has only been extended through September 30, 2011. Page 409 of 535 Chapter Twelve | Funding 356| Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 410 of 535 Alta Planning + Design | 357 Appendices Page 411 of 535 Appendices 358| Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 412 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 359 Appendix A: Large Scale Maps Page 413 of 535 Appendices 360| Alta Planning + Design Page 414 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 361 Page 415 of 535 Appendices 362| Alta Planning + Design Page 416 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 363 Page 417 of 535 Appendices 364| Alta Planning + Design Page 418 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 365 Page 419 of 535 Appendices 366| Alta Planning + Design Page 420 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 367 Page 421 of 535 Appendices 368| Alta Planning + Design Page 422 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 369 Page 423 of 535 Appendices 370| Alta Planning + Design Page 424 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 371 Page 425 of 535 Appendices 372| Alta Planning + Design Page 426 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 373 Page 427 of 535 Appendices 374| Alta Planning + Design Page 428 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 375 Page 429 of 535 Appendices 376| Alta Planning + Design Page 430 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 377 Page 431 of 535 Appendices 378| Alta Planning + Design Page 432 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 379 Page 433 of 535 Appendices 380| Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 434 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 381 Page 435 of 535 Appendices 382| Alta Planning + Design Page 436 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 383 Appendix B: New York City Bicycle Collision vs Ridership Data Source: City of New York Department of Transportation Page 437 of 535 Appendices 384| Alta Planning + Design Appendix C: Bicycle Facility Standards The following table presents the minimum bicycle facility standard widths recommended by the California Highway Design Manual (CA HDM), the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the National Association of City Transportation Officials, as compared to the standards recommended as part of the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan. Bicycle Facility Type Organization Standards CA HDM35 AASHTO36 NACTO37 South Bay Class I Bike Path 2.4 meters (8 feet) 10 feet N/A 8-10 feet Class II Bike Lane 1.5 meters (5 feet) 5 feet 6 feet 6 feet (5 feet plus 1 foot buffer) Class III Bicycle Routes are not included in this table as the minimum width is dependent on a variety of roadway conditions. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices provides guidance on the placement of shared lane markings on Class III Bike Routes in section 9C.07. The South Bay Bicycle Master Plan recommends that the South Bay participating cities follow MUTCD standards., which is at least 11 feet from the face of the curb. The table below presents minimum standards for vehicular travel lanes and parallel parking lanes as compared to South Bay recommended minimum widths. The participating cities may use wider travel lanes where appropriate and feasible. In most cases, recommendations for facilities in this Plan will comply with AASHTO standards. In few constrained cases, facilities may require travel and parking lanes to drop slightly below AASHTO standards. Lane Width Type AASHTO38 South Bay Vehicular Travel Lane 10 feet 9.5 feet Parking Lane 8 feet 7.5 feet 35 Source: CA HDM Section 1003 36 Source: AASHTO Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities 4.6.4 37 Source: NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide 38 Source: AASHTO A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets Page 438 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 385 3%4% 11% 19% 34% 29% Under 18 18-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 Over 55 Survey Respondent Age Distribution 70% 5% 1% 1% 16% 7% Dr Ca Pu Mo Bik Wa Drive alone Carpool/vanpool Public transit Motorcycle Bike Walk Survey Respondent Primary Commute Mode Appendix D: Online Survey Analysis Respondent Demographics Most of the survey respondents live in one of the seven participating South Bay cities. Respondents who do not live in one of the participating cities live in other cities and communities nearby. Almost two-thirds of survey respondents also work in one of the participating South Bay cities. Over half of the respondents are over 46 years old, about one- fourth of which are over 55 years old. Relatively few young adults and youth responded to the survey (only three percent and four percent respectively) and many respondents stated in later questions that they are retired. This suggests that the survey was either distributed predominantly to older populations or the bicycling populations in the South Bay participating cities are generally older. Respondent Bicycle Mode Characteristics Almost three-quarters of survey respondents commute predominantly by driving alone, which is below the national average and above the averages for the State of California and the County of Los Angeles39. 16 percent of respondents commute primarily by bicycle and seven percent commute predominantly by walking, which means that a total of 23 percent of respondents get to work using active, non-motorized modes. This is a disproportionately high percentage as compared to the national averages of walking and bicycling to work, which is probably because people who ride a bicycle regularly are naturally more interested in participating in a survey about bicycling. As further evidence that survey respondents are disproportionately bicyclists, nearly half of respondents said they commute by bicycle some of the time, just over one-third commute by bicycle at least once a month, and just under one-third commute by bicycle at least once a week. Also, 88 percent of respondents said they were comfortable riding in some traffic situations. 39 See individual City chapters for detailed commute to work data. Page 439 of 535 Appendices 386| Alta Planning + Design 5% 12% 12% 9% 11% 51% 5+ days per week 3-4 days per week 1-2 days per week 1-2 days per month Less than 1-2 days per month I never commute by bicycle Survey Respondent Days per Week Commuting by Bicycle 25% 13% 13% 21% 12% 16% Under 2 miles 3-5 miles 6-10 miles 11-20 miles Over 20 miles I do not work or go to school Survey Respondent Commute Distance 13% 31% 30% 12% 11%3% 5+ days per week 3-4 days per week 1-2 days per week 1-2 days per month Less than 1-2 days per month I never ride a bicycle Survey Respondent Days per Week Riding a Bicycle (other than for commuting) 38 percent of respondents live less than five miles from work. It is likely that the short commute distance contributes to the disproportionate number of bike and walk commuters seen in the survey. Similarly, a relatively large proportion of respondents do not work or go to school (16 percent), which matches the relatively large proportion of respondents who are over 55, some of whom explicitly stated that they were retired. The survey asked respondents to estimate bicycle trips that were not commute trips, such as bicycle rides for exercise or to run errands. The frequency of bicycle trips was significantly higher for trips made by bicycle that were not to work or school. While over half of respondents said that they never ride to work, only three percent replied that they never ride for any purpose. Similarly, while almost thirty percent of respondents commute by bike at least once a week, almost three-quarters ride their bicycles at least once a week for trips other than for commuting. Of the optional responses, the top reason survey respondents selected as why they bicycle was for exercise. Almost all of the survey respondents selected this as a reason. After exercise, the next most common response was bicycling to shop, run errands, or eat out, which 38 percent of respondents listed as a reason that they bicycle. The percentage of respondents bicycling for these utilitarian trips exceeds the percentage who reported that they bike to get to work or school (31%). This suggests that interventions that aim to increase bicycling, whether they are programs, infrastructure, or education, should target many destinations, not just job centers and schools, as well at many travel times, not just the peak commuting hours. Page 440 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 387 7% 20% 17% 22% 34%Under 2 miles 2-5 miles 6-10 miles 11-20 miles Over 20 miles Survey Respondent Average Bicycle Trip Length About one-third of survey respondents said that the average length of their bicycle trips is over 20 miles, while only seven percent responded that their bicycle trips average less than two miles. It is possible that since so many respondents ride for exercise, many of their bicycle rides are long. Barriers to Bicycling The survey asked respondents to note what prevents them from bicycling to work and from bicycling in general. It also asked respondents to rate the degree to which a number of conditions influence their decisions to bicycle. A number of common themes emerged from the responses. Survey respondents highly value bicycle lanes. They cited lack of bicycle lanes as the biggest barrier that prevents them from biking to work. On a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being the most important, respondents gave the presence of bicycle lanes a weighted average score of 1.7. Similarly, respondents commonly cited lack of bicycle paths and routes as barriers to riding and rated these as very important factors in their decision to ride, as well. A second common theme is the behavior of motorists, which scored highly on respondents’ ranking of conditions that influenced their decision to bicycle. Motorist behavior was specifically one of the most common reasons that participants chose not to bike. Similarly, respondents also considered vehicle volumes and speeds important factors in determining their decisions to ride. Some of the conditions that respondents considered less important influences in their decisions to bicycle relative to the other options were integration with transit (only 36% think it is important) and behavior of other bicyclists (only 36% think it is important). Table D-1, Table D 2, and Table D-3 display the full responses regarding barriers to riding. Page 441 of 535 Appendices 388| Alta Planning + Design Table D-1: Barriers to Commuting by Bicycle If you ride for exercise/recreation, what prevents you from commuting by bike? Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Lack of off-street bike paths 31.7% 57 Lack of on-street bike lanes 46.1% 83 Lack of bike routes 35.6% 64 Lack of bike parking or storage 22.2% 40 My work/school does not have showers 22.2% 40 I do not have enough time 25.6% 46 I live too far away 22.8% 41 I have too much stuff to carry 33.3% 60 I have to transport children 10.0% 18 Other (please specify) 78 answered question 180 skipped question 97 Table D-2: Barriers to Riding in the South Bay What keeps you from riding more often in the South Bay? Check all that apply. Answer Options Response Percent Response Count Lack of bike paths 41.2% 107 Lack of bike lanes 52.7% 137 Lack of bike routes 40.8% 106 Insufficient bike parking or storage 25.4% 66 Insufficient lighting 11.2% 29 Vehicle volumes/speeds 41.2% 107 Behavior of motorists 46.5% 121 Behavior of other cyclists 7.3% 19 I do not feel safe 18.8% 49 I travel with small children 11.2% 29 I don't have enough time 24.6% 64 My destinations are too far away 15.0% 39 Health issues/concerns 1.9% 5 Weather 16.2% 42 answered question 260 skipped question 17 Page 442 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 389 Table D-3: Factors that Influence Decisions to Ride a Bicycle Please rank to what degree the following conditions affect your decision to ride a bicycle: Answer Options (1) Very Important (2) Somewhat important (3) Neutral (4) Somewhat unimportant (5) Not Important Weighted Score Presence of off-street bike paths 95 84 41 19 19 2.2 Presence of on-street bike lanes 143 80 16 7 12 1.7 Presence of bike routes 96 89 48 9 16 2.1 Condition of bikeway/roadway (i.e. pavement quality) 119 88 36 3 12 1.8 Traffic volumes/speeds 128 95 23 5 7 1.7 Behavior of motorists 140 77 30 3 8 1.7 Behavior of other cyclists 36 58 94 28 42 2.9 Amount of street lighting 33 76 80 40 29 2.8 Access to bike parking and storage 43 91 66 34 24 2.6 Ability to combine bicycle trips with transit trips 30 64 79 35 50 3.0 Travel time 55 92 68 17 26 2.5 Available information/knowledge of bike routes 41 91 77 22 27 2.6 Weather 73 86 55 25 19 2.3 answered question 258 skipped question 19 Bicycle Infrastructure and Programs The survey invited participants to indicate where they would like to see new bicycle facilities and asked them to rank their interest in a number of bicycle programs. 186 of the 279 respondents gave specific feedback on where they would like to see bicycle facilities. The most popular programs were public awareness campaigns, maps and guides, and bicycle information websites. Table D-4 displays the full responses on bicycle programs. Page 443 of 535 Appendices 390| Alta Planning + Design Table D-4: Bicycle Program Interest Please rate your interest in the following bicycle programs: Answer Options (1) Not interested (2) Somewhat interested (3) Very interested Weighted Score Riding skills and safety courses for adults 123 89 46 1.7 Riding skills and safety courses for children 102 69 87 1.9 Safe Routes to School programs for children 75 68 115 2.2 Public awareness campaigns 34 81 143 2.4 Special events 61 130 67 2.0 Maps and guides 42 102 114 2.3 Bicycle information websites 29 114 115 2.3 Commuter incentive programs 61 82 115 2.2 Information and maps delivered to my home 97 107 54 1.8 Booths at public events 81 138 39 1.8 answered question 258 skipped question 19 Page 444 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 391 Appendix E: BTA Compliance Tables Table E-1: El Segundo BTA Requirement Check List Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments a) The estimated number of existing bicycle commuters in the plan area and the estimated increase in the number of bicycle commuters resulting from implementation of the plan. 49-54 b) A map and description of existing and proposed land use and settlement patterns which shall include, but not be limited to, locations of residential neighborhoods, schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 41-42 c) A map and description of existing and proposed bikeways. 46-47, 58-61 d) A map and description of existing and proposed end-of- trip bicycle parking facilities. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking at schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 47-48, 63-65 e) A map and description of existing and proposed bicycle transport and parking facilities for connections with and use of other transportation modes. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking facilities at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, ferry docks and landings, park and ride lots, and provisions for transporting bicyclists and bicycles on transit or rail vehicles or ferry vessels. 47-48, 63-65 f) A map and description of existing and proposed facilities for changing and storing clothes and equipment. These shall include, but not be limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. 47-48, 63-65 g) A description of bicycle safety and education programs conducted in the area included within the plan, efforts by the law enforcement agency having primary traffic law enforcement responsibility in the area to enforce provisions of the Vehicle Code pertaining to bicycle operation, and the resulting effect on accidents involving bicyclists. 48-49, 56-58, 303-314 h) A description of the extent of citizen and community involvement in development of the plan, including, but not limited to, letters of support. 49, 14-16, 449-450 Page 445 of 535 Appendices 392| Alta Planning + Design Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments i) A description of how the bicycle transportation plan has been coordinated and is consistent with other local or regional transportation, air quality, or energy conservation plans, including, but not limited to, programs that provide incentives for bicycle commuting. 32-38, 44-45 j) A description of the projects proposed in the plan and a listing of their priorities for implementation. 66-67 k) A description of past expenditures for bicycle facilities and future financial needs for projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters in the plan area. 49, 66 Page 446 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 393 Table E-2: Gardena BTA Requirement Check List Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments a) The estimated number of existing bicycle commuters in the plan area and the estimated increase in the number of bicycle commuters resulting from implementation of the plan. 83-89 b) A map and description of existing and proposed land use and settlement patterns which shall include, but not be limited to, locations of residential neighborhoods, schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 77-79 c) A map and description of existing and proposed bikeways. 80-82, 92-95 d) A map and description of existing and proposed end-of- trip bicycle parking facilities. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking at schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 82, 96-98 e) A map and description of existing and proposed bicycle transport and parking facilities for connections with and use of other transportation modes. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking facilities at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, ferry docks and landings, park and ride lots, and provisions for transporting bicyclists and bicycles on transit or rail vehicles or ferry vessels. 82, 96-98 f) A map and description of existing and proposed facilities for changing and storing clothes and equipment. These shall include, but not be limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. 82, 96-98 g) A description of bicycle safety and education programs conducted in the area included within the plan, efforts by the law enforcement agency having primary traffic law enforcement responsibility in the area to enforce provisions of the Vehicle Code pertaining to bicycle operation, and the resulting effect on accidents involving bicyclists. 83, 90-91, 303-314 h) A description of the extent of citizen and community involvement in development of the plan, including, but not limited to, letters of support. 14-16, 83, 449-450 Page 447 of 535 Appendices 394| Alta Planning + Design Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments i) A description of how the bicycle transportation plan has been coordinated and is consistent with other local or regional transportation, air quality, or energy conservation plans, including, but not limited to, programs that provide incentives for bicycle commuting. 32-38, 80 j) A description of the projects proposed in the plan and a listing of their priorities for implementation. 100-103 k) A description of past expenditures for bicycle facilities and future financial needs for projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters in the plan area. 83, 99-100 Page 448 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 395 Table E-3: Hermosa Beach BTA Requirement Check List Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments a) The estimated number of existing bicycle commuters in the plan area and the estimated increase in the number of bicycle commuters resulting from implementation of the plan. 121-127 b) A map and description of existing and proposed land use and settlement patterns which shall include, but not be limited to, locations of residential neighborhoods, schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 113-115 c) A map and description of existing and proposed bikeways. 118-119, 10-134 d) A map and description of existing and proposed end-of- trip bicycle parking facilities. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking at schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 119-120, 134-136 e) A map and description of existing and proposed bicycle transport and parking facilities for connections with and use of other transportation modes. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking facilities at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, ferry docks and landings, park and ride lots, and provisions for transporting bicyclists and bicycles on transit or rail vehicles or ferry vessels. 119-120, 134-136 f) A map and description of existing and proposed facilities for changing and storing clothes and equipment. These shall include, but not be limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. 119-120, 134-136 g) A description of bicycle safety and education programs conducted in the area included within the plan, efforts by the law enforcement agency having primary traffic law enforcement responsibility in the area to enforce provisions of the Vehicle Code pertaining to bicycle operation, and the resulting effect on accidents involving bicyclists. 120, 128-129, 303-314 h) A description of the extent of citizen and community involvement in development of the plan, including, but not limited to, letters of support. 14-16, 121, 449-450 Page 449 of 535 Appendices 396| Alta Planning + Design Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments i) A description of how the bicycle transportation plan has been coordinated and is consistent with other local or regional transportation, air quality, or energy conservation plans, including, but not limited to, programs that provide incentives for bicycle commuting. 32-38, 116-117 j) A description of the projects proposed in the plan and a listing of their priorities for implementation. 138-140 k) A description of past expenditures for bicycle facilities and future financial needs for projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters in the plan area. 120, 137-138 Page 450 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 397 Table E-4: Lawndale BTA Requirement Check List Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments a) The estimated number of existing bicycle commuters in the plan area and the estimated increase in the number of bicycle commuters resulting from implementation of the plan. 155-161 b) A map and description of existing and proposed land use and settlement patterns which shall include, but not be limited to, locations of residential neighborhoods, schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 149-151 c) A map and description of existing and proposed bikeways. 153-154, 164-167 d) A map and description of existing and proposed end-of- trip bicycle parking facilities. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking at schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 153-155, 168-170 e) A map and description of existing and proposed bicycle transport and parking facilities for connections with and use of other transportation modes. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking facilities at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, ferry docks and landings, park and ride lots, and provisions for transporting bicyclists and bicycles on transit or rail vehicles or ferry vessels. 153-155, 168-170 f) A map and description of existing and proposed facilities for changing and storing clothes and equipment. These shall include, but not be limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. 153-155, 168-170 g) A description of bicycle safety and education programs conducted in the area included within the plan, efforts by the law enforcement agency having primary traffic law enforcement responsibility in the area to enforce provisions of the Vehicle Code pertaining to bicycle operation, and the resulting effect on accidents involving bicyclists. 155, 162-164, 303-314 h) A description of the extent of citizen and community involvement in development of the plan, including, but not limited to, letters of support. 14-16, 155, 449-450 Page 451 of 535 Appendices 398| Alta Planning + Design Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments i) A description of how the bicycle transportation plan has been coordinated and is consistent with other local or regional transportation, air quality, or energy conservation plans, including, but not limited to, programs that provide incentives for bicycle commuting. 32-38, 152 j) A description of the projects proposed in the plan and a listing of their priorities for implementation. 171-173 k) A description of past expenditures for bicycle facilities and future financial needs for projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters in the plan area. 155, 170-171 Page 452 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 399 Table E-5: Manhattan Beach BTA Requirement Check List Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments a) The estimated number of existing bicycle commuters in the plan area and the estimated increase in the number of bicycle commuters resulting from implementation of the plan. 189-195 b) A map and description of existing and proposed land use and settlement patterns which shall include, but not be limited to, locations of residential neighborhoods, schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 181-183 c) A map and description of existing and proposed bikeways. 185-186, 198-201 d) A map and description of existing and proposed end-of- trip bicycle parking facilities. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking at schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 185-187, 202-204 e) A map and description of existing and proposed bicycle transport and parking facilities for connections with and use of other transportation modes. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking facilities at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, ferry docks and landings, park and ride lots, and provisions for transporting bicyclists and bicycles on transit or rail vehicles or ferry vessels. 185-187, 202-204 f) A map and description of existing and proposed facilities for changing and storing clothes and equipment. These shall include, but not be limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. 185-187, 202-204 g) A description of bicycle safety and education programs conducted in the area included within the plan, efforts by the law enforcement agency having primary traffic law enforcement responsibility in the area to enforce provisions of the Vehicle Code pertaining to bicycle operation, and the resulting effect on accidents involving bicyclists. 187-188, 196-198, 303-314 h) A description of the extent of citizen and community involvement in development of the plan, including, but not limited to, letters of support. 14-16, 188-189, 449-450 Page 453 of 535 Appendices 400| Alta Planning + Design Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments i) A description of how the bicycle transportation plan has been coordinated and is consistent with other local or regional transportation, air quality, or energy conservation plans, including, but not limited to, programs that provide incentives for bicycle commuting. 32-38, 184-185 j) A description of the projects proposed in the plan and a listing of their priorities for implementation. 206-209 k) A description of past expenditures for bicycle facilities and future financial needs for projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters in the plan area. 188, 205-206 Page 454 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 401 Table E-6: Redondo Beach BTA Requirement Check List Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments a) The estimated number of existing bicycle commuters in the plan area and the estimated increase in the number of bicycle commuters resulting from implementation of the plan. 229-235 b) A map and description of existing and proposed land use and settlement patterns which shall include, but not be limited to, locations of residential neighborhoods, schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 219-220 c) A map and description of existing and proposed bikeways. 224-226, 238-243 d) A map and description of existing and proposed end-of- trip bicycle parking facilities. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking at schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 226-227, 244-247 e) A map and description of existing and proposed bicycle transport and parking facilities for connections with and use of other transportation modes. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking facilities at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, ferry docks and landings, park and ride lots, and provisions for transporting bicyclists and bicycles on transit or rail vehicles or ferry vessels. 226-227, 244-247 f) A map and description of existing and proposed facilities for changing and storing clothes and equipment. These shall include, but not be limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. 266-227, 244-247 g) A description of bicycle safety and education programs conducted in the area included within the plan, efforts by the law enforcement agency having primary traffic law enforcement responsibility in the area to enforce provisions of the Vehicle Code pertaining to bicycle operation, and the resulting effect on accidents involving bicyclists. 227-228, 236-238, 303-314 h) A description of the extent of citizen and community involvement in development of the plan, including, but not limited to, letters of support. 14-16, 229, 449-450 Page 455 of 535 Appendices 402| Alta Planning + Design Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments i) A description of how the bicycle transportation plan has been coordinated and is consistent with other local or regional transportation, air quality, or energy conservation plans, including, but not limited to, programs that provide incentives for bicycle commuting. 32-38, 221-223 j) A description of the projects proposed in the plan and a listing of their priorities for implementation. 248-251 k) A description of past expenditures for bicycle facilities and future financial needs for projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters in the plan area. 228, 245- 248 Page 456 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 403 Table E-7: Torrance BTA Requirement Check List Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments a) The estimated number of existing bicycle commuters in the plan area and the estimated increase in the number of bicycle commuters resulting from implementation of the plan. 270-275 b) A map and description of existing and proposed land use and settlement patterns which shall include, but not be limited to, locations of residential neighborhoods, schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 261-263 c) A map and description of existing and proposed bikeways. 264-268, 279-283 d) A map and description of existing and proposed end-of- trip bicycle parking facilities. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking at schools, shopping centers, public buildings, and major employment centers. 265-269, 285-287 e) A map and description of existing and proposed bicycle transport and parking facilities for connections with and use of other transportation modes. These shall include, but not be limited to, parking facilities at transit stops, rail and transit terminals, ferry docks and landings, park and ride lots, and provisions for transporting bicyclists and bicycles on transit or rail vehicles or ferry vessels. 265-269, 285-287 f) A map and description of existing and proposed facilities for changing and storing clothes and equipment. These shall include, but not be limited to, locker, restroom, and shower facilities near bicycle parking facilities. 265-269, 285-287 g) A description of bicycle safety and education programs conducted in the area included within the plan, efforts by the law enforcement agency having primary traffic law enforcement responsibility in the area to enforce provisions of the Vehicle Code pertaining to bicycle operation, and the resulting effect on accidents involving bicyclists. 269, 277-279, 303-314 h) A description of the extent of citizen and community involvement in development of the plan, including, but not limited to, letters of support. 14-16, 270, 449-450 Page 457 of 535 Appendices 404| Alta Planning + Design Approved Requirement Page(s) Notes/Comments i) A description of how the bicycle transportation plan has been coordinated and is consistent with other local or regional transportation, air quality, or energy conservation plans, including, but not limited to, programs that provide incentives for bicycle commuting. 32-38, 264 j) A description of the projects proposed in the plan and a listing of their priorities for implementation. 290-293 k) A description of past expenditures for bicycle facilities and future financial needs for projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters in the plan area. 270, 289-290 Page 458 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 405 Appendix F: Participating City Existing Bicycle Plan Maps Page 459 of 535 Appendices 406| Alta Planning + Design Page 460 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 407 Page 461 of 535 Appendices 408| Alta Planning + Design Page 462 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 409 Page 463 of 535 Appendices 410| Alta Planning + Design Page 464 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 411 Page 465 of 535 Appendices 412| Alta Planning + Design Page 466 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 413 Appendix G: City Municipal Code Bicycle Parking Related Sections City Municipal Code Section El Segundo 15.15.5 (I) No bicycle spaces are required at single-family and two-family dwellings. Multi-family residential establishments shall provide bicycle spaces that total to 10 percent of the required vehicle parking spaces for projects with six or more units. 15.15.6 (B) Nonresidential uses are required to provide a minimum of four spaces for buildings up to 15,000 square feet plus a minimum of five percent of the required vehicle spaces for the portion above 15,000 square feet and a maximum of 25 spaces. 15.16.3 (A) Nonresidential development of 25,000 square feet or more and all projects within the Urban Mixed-Use Zone must provide bicycle route and facility information including regional/local bicycle maps and bicycle safety information. 15.16.3 (B) Nonresidential development of 50,000 square feet or more must comply with subsection A (provide bicycle route and facility information) and must provide bicycle racks or other secure bicycle parking spaces. A bicycle parking facility may also be a fully enclosed space or locker accessible only to the owner or operator of the bicycle, which protects the bike from inclement weather. Specific facilities and location must be provided to the satisfaction of the Director of Planning and Building Safety. If nonresidential development of 50,000 square feet or more provide shower and locker facilities for bicycle riders, the number of preferential parking spaces required may be reduced by up to three percent and the total number of required spaces may be reduced up to one percent. Page 467 of 535 Appendices 414| Alta Planning + Design City Municipal Code Section Hermosa Beach 17.44. 210 Parking Plans – parking for development may be reduced based on a Parking Plan approved by the planning commission based on various factors including bicycle and foot traffic. 17.38.550(I)(5) Specific Plan Area No. 11 zone - (encompasses parcels fronting Pier Avenue between Valley Drive and Hermosa Avenue excluding parcels fronting Hermosa Avenue). Secure bicycle parking facilities shall be supplied at the rate of one space per seven employees or 3,000 square feet of floor area. Bicycle facilities installed onsite shall not be placed within required pedestrian ways. Where facilities cannot be accommodated onsite as determined by the community development director or planning commission, the developer shall pay a commensurate fee adopted by the city for the provision and installation of bicycle parking facilities along Pier Avenue in a manner determined by the public works director. 'Secure' facilities means firmly attached devices in well-lit locations, protected from rain if feasible. 17.48.030 Transportation demand and trip reduction measures B(1) Nonresidential development of 25,000 square feet or more shall provide bicycle route and facility information, including regional/local bicycle maps, bicycle safety information, and a listing of facilities available for bicyclists at the site. B(2) Nonresidential development of 50,000 square feet or more shall comply with subsection B(1) of this section and shall provide bicycle racks or other secure bicycle parking to accommodate four bicycles per the first 50,000 square feet of nonresidential development and one bicycle per each additional 50,000 square feet of nonresidential development. Calculations which result in a fraction of 0.5 or higher shall be rounded up to the nearest whole number. A bicycle parking facility may also be a fully enclosed space or locker accessible only to the owner or operator of the bicycle, which protects the bike from inclement weather. Specific facilities and location (e.g., provision of racks, lockers, or locked room) shall be to the satisfaction of the city. B(3) Nonresidential development of 100,000 square feet or more shall comply with subsections B(1) and (2) of this section, and shall provide safe and convenient access from the external circulation system to bicycle parking facilities onsite. Page 468 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 415 City Municipal Code Section Lawndale 17.56.120 C-3 unlimited commercial zone – Video arcades B(4) Bicycle racks shall be provided within 25 feet of any game arcade and must provide a total of at least two bicycle stalls for every four games located within the arcade. Bicycle racks shall not be located in any required landscape areas, entrances, exits, walkways to buildings, driveways, within any legally required parking space, public way, or in such a fashion as to obstruct any entrance or exit to any premises. 17.92.030 Transportation demand and trip reduction measures B(1) Nonresidential development of 25,000 square feet or more shall provide bicycle route and facility information, including regional/local bicycle maps and bicycle safety information, and a list of existing of facilities available bicyclists at the site. C(3) Nonresidential development of 50,000 square feet or more shall comply with subsection (B) of this section and shall provide bicycle racks or other secure bicycle parking to accommodate four bicycles per the first 50,000 square feet of nonresidential development and one bicycle per each additional 50,000 square feet of nonresidential development. A bicycle parking facility may also be a fully enclosed space or locker accessible only to the owner or operator of the bicycle, which protects the bike from inclement weather. Specific facilities and location (e.g., provision of racks, lockers, or locked room) shall be to the satisfaction of the City. D Nonresidential development of 100,000 square feet or more shall comply with subsections (B) and (C) of this section, and shall provide safe and convenient access from the external circulation system to bicycle parking facilities onsite. Manhattan Beach 10.64.080 Bicycle Parking A. Where Required - Bicycle parking spaces shall be provided as required by this section; the provisions of Section 10.64.020 shall apply. B. Number Required. 1. Public and Semipublic Use Classifications: as specified by use permit. 2. Commercial Use Classifications: Five percent of the requirement for automobile parking spaces, except for the following classifications, which are exempt: a. Ambulance Services; b. Animal Boarding; c .Animal Grooming; d. Catering Services; e. Commercial Filming; f. Horticulture, Limited; g. Funeral and Interment Services; h. Vehicle/Equipment Sales and Services (all classifications). 3. Industrial Use Classification. None. C. Design Requirements. For each bicycle parking space required, a stationary object shall be provided to which a user can secure both wheels and the frame of a bicycle with a user-provided six-foot (6′) cable and lock. The stationary object may be either a freestanding bicycle rack or a wall-mounted bracket. Page 469 of 535 Appendices 416| Alta Planning + Design City Municipal Code Section Redondo Beach 10-2.2406 Development standards (a) Nonresidential development of 25,000 square feet or more shall provide bicycle route and facility information, including regional/local bicycle maps and bicycle safety information, and a list of existing of facilities available bicyclists at the site. (b) Nonresidential development of 50,000 square feet or more shall comply with subsection (a) of this section and shall provide bicycle racks or other secure bicycle parking to accommodate four bicycles per the first 50,000 square feet of nonresidential development and one bicycle per each additional 50,000 square feet of nonresidential development. A bicycle parking facility may also be a fully enclosed space or locker accessible only to the owner or operator of the bicycle, which protects the bike from inclement weather. Specific facilities and location (e.g., provision of racks, lockers, or locked room) shall be to the satisfaction of the City. (c) Nonresidential development of 100,000 square feet or more shall comply with subsections (a) and (b) of this section, and shall provide safe and convenient access from the external circulation system to bicycle parking facilities onsite. Torrance 910.3.2 Development Standards a) Nonresidential development twenty-five thousand (25,000) square feet or more shall provide the following: 1)D) A bulletin board, display case or kiosk displaying transportation information located where the greatest number of employees are likely to see it. Information on the board, case or kiosk shall include, but is not limited to bicycle route and facility information, including regional/local bicycle maps and bicycle safety information. 1)E) A listing of facilities available for carpoolers, vanpoolers, bicyclists, transit riders and pedestrians at the site. b) 3) Nonresidential development of fifty thousand (50,000) square feet or more shall comply with subsection a) above and shall provide bicycle racks or other secure bicycle parking to accommodate four (4) bicycles for the first fifty thousand (50,000) square feet of nonresidential development and one (1) bicycle rack for each additional fifty thousand (50,000) square feet of nonresidential development. Calculations which result in a fraction of 0.5 or higher shall be rounded up to the nearest whole number. A bicycle parking facility may also be a fully enclosed space or locker accessible only to the owner or operator of the bicycle, which protects the bike from inclement weather. c)4) Nonresidential development of one hundred thousand (100,000) square feet or more shall comply with subsections a) and b) above, and shall provide safe and convenient access from the external circulation system to onsite bicycle parking facilities. Page 470 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 417 Appendix H: Bicycle Count Data Table H-1: South Bay Bicycle Counts Thursday, November 4, 2010 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Count Location Number of Bicyclists Males Females Child Under 13 On Sidewalk With Helmet Wrong Way Total El Segundo Center St / Mariposa Ave 17 0 2 9 10 3 19 Douglas St / Green Line Station (near Park Place) 49 7 1 32 20 2 57 El Segundo Blvd/ Nash St (Green Line Station) 34 2 2 23 9 4 38 El Segundo Blvd / Sepulveda Blvd 32 1 1 25 26 0 34 Main St / Grand Ave 37 7 2 34 17 0 46 Main St / Imperial Highway 25 1 1 13 3 2 27 Mariposa Ave / Nash St (Green Line Station) 54 1 0 38 24 2 55 Rosecrans Ave / Aviation 48 2 0 37 42 0 50 Rosecrans Ave / Sepulveda Blvd 20 1 0 21 14 0 21 Gardena Crenshaw Blvd / Manhattan Beach Blvd 90 14 2 97 85 1 106 Normandie Ave / Gardena Blvd 49 2 0 49 46 0 51 Redondo Beach Blvd / Crenshaw Blvd 53 12 1 62 51 25 66 Normandie Ave / 182nd St 26 1 0 22 20 0 27 Hermosa Beach Valley Dr / 8th St 31 7 2 24 8 2 40 Hermosa Ave / 8th St 122 30 0 93 8 0 152 Hermosa Ave / 24th St 103 14 2 43 7 4 119 Monterey Ave / Pier Ave 97 21 6 109 33 22 124 Pacific Coast Highway / Pier Ave 28 4 0 29 28 4 32* Valley Dr / 21st St 8 2 15 6 16 16 25 Lawndale Grevillea Ave / 163rd St 13 1 1 5 0 0 15 Manhattan Beach Blvd/Inglewood Ave 72 8 0 74 70 1 80 Marine Ave/Hawthorne Blvd 119 4 11 127 110 0 134 Marine Ave / Inglewood Ave 89 8 7 96 95 0 104 Rosecrans Ave / Prairie Ave 93 7 0 96 83 0 100 Page 471 of 535 Appendices 418| Alta Planning + Design Count Location Number of Bicyclists Males Females Child Under 13 On Sidewalk With Helmet Wrong Way Total Manhattan Beach Artesia Blvd / Peck Ave 10 3 0 8 1 0 13 Highland Ave / Rosecrans Ave 18 2 0 12 5 0 20 Manhattan Beach Blvd / Redondo Ave 34 3 18 18 30 0 55 Manhattan Beach Blvd / Manhattan Ave 58 15 2 50 3 4 75 Marine Ave / Redondo Ave 28 2 0 18 11 1 30 Valley Dr / Pacific Ave 22 4 3 15 1 1 29 Redondo Beach Harbor Dr / Beryl St 380 114 5 343 28 4 499 Prospect Ave / Torrance Blvd 67 8 11 44 41 1 86 Redondo Beach Ave / Manhattan Beach Blvd 47 4 4 27 12 2 55 Torrance 190th St / Anza 54 6 0 37 33 0 60 Torrance Blvd / Madrona Ave 43 3 6 27 30 0 52 Pacific Coast Highway / Calle Mayor 43 1 0 16 25 1 44 *The counts at this location were from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Page 472 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 419 Table H-2: South Bay Bicycle Counts Saturday, November 6, 2010 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Count Locations Number of Bicyclists Males Females Child Under 13 On Sidewalk With Helmet Wrong Way Total El Segundo Center St / Mariposa Ave 3 0 1 3 3 0 4 El Segundo Blvd/ Nash St (Green Line Station) 12 2 0 10 9 10 14 El Segundo Blvd / Sepulveda Blvd 7 0 2 8 7 0 9 Main St / Grand Ave 51 10 4 40 21 2 65 Main St / Imperial Highway 30 1 0 7 0 1 31 Mariposa Ave / Nash St (Green Line Station) 17 0 0 10 8 3 17 Rosecrans Ave / Aviation 30 2 0 24 20 8 32 Rosecrans Ave / Sepulveda Blvd 19 9 0 7 1 1 28 Douglas St / Green Line Station (near Park Place) 20 1 0 12 2 0 21 Gardena Normandie Ave / Gardena Blvd 33 6 5 40 36 1 44 Redondo Beach Blvd / Arcturus Ave 38 3 2 39 11 5 43 Redondo Beach Blvd / Crenshaw Blvd 53 3 0 49 38 2 56 Hermosa Beach Hermosa Ave / 8th St 294 87 4 130 13 1 385 Hermosa Ave / 24th St 584 280 58 619 0 0 922 Monterey Ave / Pier Ave 40 15 4 40 12 1 59 Pacific Coast Highway / Pier Ave 57 12 8 50 57 0 77 Valley Dr / 8th St 59 20 4 41 10 1 83 Valley Dr / 21st St 5 1 1 2 0 0 7 Prospect Ave / 18th St 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Lawndale Manhattan Beach Blvd/Inglewood Ave 39 8 0 37 30 0 47 Marine Ave/Hawthorne Blvd 70 4 12 84 65 31 86 Manhattan Beach Artesia Blvd / Peck Ave 11 6 0 10 4 0 17 Highland Ave / Rosecrans Ave 111 26 0 21 6 0 137 Manhattan Beach Blvd / Redondo Ave 31 5 0 19 11 0 36 Page 473 of 535 Appendices 420| Alta Planning + Design Count Locations Number of Bicyclists Males Females Child Under 13 On Sidewalk With Helmet Wrong Way Total Manhattan Beach Blvd / Manhattan Ave 149 45 29 107 54 8 223 Manhattan Beach Blvd / The Strand 433 124 32 335 10 38 589 Valley Dr / Pacific Ave 19 5 3 15 2 0 27 Marine Ave / Redondo Ave 18 3 2 13 6 0 23 Redondo Beach Esplanade / Avenue C 249 76 0 67 12 8 325 Herondo Street / The Strand 461 236 35 528 0 0 732 Marvin Braude Bikeway (The Strand) / Ave. F 310 126 24 277 0 0 460 Prospect / Torrance 92 16 6 47 32 14 114 Redondo Beach Ave / Manhattan Beach Blvd 30 7 1 27 18 1 38 Torrance 190th St / Anza 32 7 14 33 26 14 53 Palos Verdes Blvd / Catalina Ave 58 14 10 31 14 6 82 Sepulveda Blvd / Crenshaw Blvd 35 6 4 29 40 0 45 Page 474 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 421 Appendix I: Opportunities and Constraints There are several opportunities and constraints in implementing bicycle facilities in the South Bay Region. Opportunities and constraints for new bicycle facilities are discussed below. They are also shown on the map following the table below. ID Number Opportunities and Constraints Opportunities 1 Proposed Class I on Harbor Drive: See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. 2 Proposed Class II on Catalina: See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. 3 Proposed Bike Friendly Street on Prospect Avenue in Hermosa Beach: See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. 4 Proposed Class II on Aviation Blvd in Hermosa Beach: Hermosa Beach’s section of Aviation Blvd is particularly rich with retail and commercial uses. Bike facilities could greatly improve the area’s visibility and access. See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. 5 Proposed Class II on Aviation Blvd in Redondo Beach and Manhattan Beach: This major thoroughfare provides significant connectivity between residences and major employment centers and thus will encourage increased bike commuting to these destinations. See Vitality City’s Livability Plan for further detail. 6 Proposed Class III on Valley/Ardmore in Hermosa Beach: While this plan recommends a Class III route, the Vitality City Livability Plan recommends additional options. See the Vitality City Livability Plan for further detail and opportunities. 7 Proposed Class III on Valley/Ardmore in Manhattan Beach: While this plan recommends a Class III route, the Vitality City Livability Plan recommends additional options. See the Vitality City Livability Plan for further detail and opportunities. 8 Crenshaw Boulevard in Torrance: While it is not feasible to propose bicycle lanes on Crenshaw Boulevard at the time of this Plan, there may be opportunity in the future if the street undergoes reconstruction or other changes that would provide adequate space. There may also be opportunity to proposed parallel facilities as Crenshaw Boulevard is an important regional connection. 9 Hawthorne Boulevard in Torrance: While it is not feasible to propose bicycle lanes on Hawthorne Boulevard at the time of this Plan, there may be opportunity in the future if the street undergoes reconstruction or other changes that would provide adequate space. There may also be opportunity to propose parallel facilities as Hawthorne Boulevard is an important regional connection. Constraints 1 “The Wall” on the Strand at Hermosa Beach / Redondo Beach: This wall severs the Marvin Braude Bikeway at the Hermosa Beach-Redondo Beach border. South-bound bicyclists are forced to make a sharp 90-degree and are led out to the bike lanes on Harbor Drive. This plan recommends the removal of the wall and that parking lot 13 in Redondo Beach be partially utilized to accommodate a short extension of the Class I facility that will lead to Harbor Drive in a safer and more navigable way. 2 The stairs on the Strand between Hermosa Beach and Manhattan Beach: This constraint is also Page 475 of 535 Appendices 422| Alta Planning + Design noted as being outside this plan’s jurisdiction because those stairs (along with the rest of the Strand with the exception of Hermosa Beach) are operated by the State and maintained by the County of Los Angeles. However, this plan urges the cities to remedy the disruption caused by the stairs. This remedy could come in several forms ranging from a bike-friendly ramp that connects the two sections of the Strand to signage that warns cyclists of the disruption and safely guides them to facilities along Hermosa Ave. 3 Proposed Class I in El Segundo east of the waste processing plant: This facility would require the City to gain approval from Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) as this land is LADWP right-of-way. The facility would run underneath the right of way of high-tension power lines. An example of such a facility can be seen in Redondo Beach along the North Redondo Beach Bikeway. 4 Proposed Class I in El Segundo between Walnut and Holly: This facility would require the City to gain approval from Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) as this land is LADWP right-of-way. The facility would run underneath the right of way of high-tension power lines. An example of such a facility can be seen in Redondo Beach along the North Redondo Beach Bikeway. 5 Proposed Class II along Hawthorne Blvd in Lawndale: This facility poses some unique constraints in terms of space availability. This is a busy thoroughfare that is dense with commercial and retail uses. This Plan recommends the consideration of a Class II facility along Hawthorne Blvd to the extent feasible. One option to consider would be to utilize the necessary space along the center parking landscaped median rather than removing on street parking or travel lanes. 6 Proposed Class II on Artesia Blvd in Redondo Beach: Artesia Blvd between Aviation Blvd and the city’s eastern boundary has undergone an extensive streetscape improvement in recent history. These improvements included an extensively landscaped center median and bulb-outs. As such, this facility is one that can be considered in any future streetscape improvements that might be implemented along Artesia in the years to come. 7 Proposed Class II along Redondo Beach Boulevard from Hawthorne Boulevard to Artesia Boulevard in Lawndale/Redondo Beach: This segment experiences high vehicular traffic volumes due to the South Bay Galleria, which creates a challenging environment for bicyclists. Upon plan implementation, Lawndale and Redondo Beach should work together to design a facility that provides safety for bicyclists. Page 476 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 423 Page 477 of 535 Appendices 424| Alta Planning + Design Appendix J: Recommended Bicycle Parking Standards Short-term Bicycle Parking Short –term bicycle parking comes in the form of bicycle racks that are meant for storing bicycles up to two hours. Bicycle rack designs should include racks that provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. This will provide a high degree of security and support for the bicycle. Recommended bicycle rack types include the inverted U rack (commonly known as the U rack), flat top rack, post and ring rack, and custom racks that provide the security mentioned above. Inverted U Flat Top Circular (Horseshoe) Custom Long-term Bicycle Parking Commuters and other bicyclists that plan to stay at their destinations more than two hours require more secure bicycle parking. Long-term bicycle parking should be in the form of:  Covered, lockable enclosures with permanently anchored racks for bicycles;  Lockable bicycle rooms with permanently anchored racks; or  Lockable, permanently anchored bicycle lockers. Bicycle lockers can hold up to two bicycles and come in a variety of materials, such as metal and polyethylene. Metal Metal Triangular Polyethylene High Volume Bicycle Parking Where bicycle parking demand is high, more formal structures and larger facilities should be provided. Several options for high-volume bicycle parking are outlined below. Page 478 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 425 Bike station in Long Beach, California On-Street Bike Parking Corral A relatively inexpensive solution to providing high-volume bicycle parking is to convert one or two on-street motor vehicle parking spaces into on-street bicycle parking. Bike racks are installed in the street and protected from motor vehicles with removable curbs and bollards. These facilities move bicycles off the sidewalks, and leave space for sidewalk café tables or pedestrians. Bicycle parking does not block sightlines like motor vehicles do, so it may be possible to locate bicycle parking in no-parking zones near intersections and crosswalks. Bike Oasis Bike Oases are installed on curb extensions and consist of attractive covered bike parking and an information panel. Portland’s Bike Oases, for example, provide parking space for ten bikes. Bike and walking maps are installed on the information panel. Bike Station Bike Stations serve as one-stop bicycle service centers for bicycle commuters. They include 24-hour secure bicycle parking and may provide additional amenities such as a store to purchase items (helmets, raingear, tubes, patch kits, bike lights, and locks), bicycle repair facilities, showers and changing facilities, bicycle rentals, and information about biking. Some Bike Stations provide free bike parking, while others charge a fee or require membership. Bike Stations have been installed in several cities in California, including Long Beach, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Berkeley, as well as in Chicago, and Seattle. The following amenities should be considered for the Bike Station:  Attended bicycle parking  Bicycle rental establishment  Accessory shop  Bicycle repair shop  Changing rooms  Shower and locker facilities Bicycle Parking Styles Not Recommended Bicycle rack styles are not recommended if they do not provide two points of contact with the bicycle so that it can be locked from both the front wheel/frame and the rear wheel. Examples of rack styles not Bike parkingcCorral in Portland, Oregon Bike oasis parking area in Portland, Oregon Page 479 of 535 Appendices 426| Alta Planning + Design recommended include wheel bender and wave racks. Because both types of racks do not provided two points of contact, parked bicycles are not supported and can fall, which can potentially cause damage to the bicycle. Without two points of contact there are fewer places to lock the bicycle, which reduces the amount of security the racks provide. Wave racks in particular are also not recommended because the lack of two points of contact cause bicycles to tip over and reduce the capacity of the racks. Wheel Bender Racks Wave Racks Page 480 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 427 Appendix K: Prioritization Methodology Each criterion contains information about a facility and its ability to address an existing or future need in the participating South Bay city. The resulting project ranking determines each project’s relative importance in funding and scheduled construction. Prioritization Criteria The following criteria are used to evaluate each proposed bicycle facility, its ability to address demand and deficiencies in the existing bicycle network., and its ease of implementation The criteria is organized into “utility” and “implementation” prioritization factors. Utility Prioritization Factors Utility criteria include conditions of bicycle facilities that enhance the bicycle network. Each criterion is discussed below. Gap Closure Gaps in the bicycle network come in a variety of forms, ranging from a “missing link” on a roadway to larger geographic areas without bicycle facilities. Gaps in the bikeway network discourage bicycle use because they limit access to key destinations and land uses. Facilities that fill a gap in the existing and proposed bicycle network are of high priority. Connectivity to Existing Facilities Proposed bikeways that connect to existing bicycle facilities in the participating South Bay city and to the greater South Bay network increase the convenience of bicycle commuting. Proposed facilities that fit this criterion are of high importance to the participating South Bay city. Connectivity to Regional Proposed Facilities Proposed bikeways in Los Angeles County will eventually become existing bicycle facilities and thus facilities that link to them will enhance future connectivity. This will continue to enhance bicycle travel in the participating South Bay city. Connectivity to Activity Centers Activity centers include major commuter destinations, such as commercial and employment centers and downtowns. These locations generate many trips which could be made by bicycle if the proper facilities were available. Bicycle facilities on roadways that connect to activity centers are of priority to the participating South Bay city. Connectivity to Multi-Modal Transportation Centers Bicycle facilities that link to modes of public transportation increase the geographical distance that bicyclists are able to travel. Proposed bicycle facilities that connect to transit stops and centers, and park-and-ride lots improve bicyclist mobility and are therefore key pieces of the bicycle network. Page 481 of 535 Appendices 428| Alta Planning + Design Safety Bicycle facilities have the potential to increase safety by reducing the potential conflicts between bicyclists and motorists, which often result in collisions. Proposed facilities that are located on roadways with past bicycle-automobile collisions are important to the City. Public Input The participating South Bay city solicited public input through community workshops and an online survey. Facilities that community members identified as desirable for future bicycle facilities are of priority to the network because they address the needs of the public. Underserved Communities Low-income households often cannot afford to own a vehicle. Providing bicycle facilities to areas that may be dependent on the bicycle as a form of transportation is important to the participating South Bay city. Implementation Prioritization Factors Implementation criteria address the ease of implementing each proposed project. Each criterion is discussed below. Project Cost Projects that are less expensive do not require as much funding as other projects and are therefore easier to implement. Projects that cost less are of higher priority to the participating South Bay city. Parking Displacement In order to fit bicycle facilities in the existing right-of-way, on-street parking must be removed on some streets. Because this is not desirable, those projects that do not require parking displacement are of importance to the City. Project Ranking Table K-1 shows how the criteria described in the previous section translate into weights for project prioritization and ranking. Weights are based on direct, secondary, or no service at all. Direct service means that a facility intersects with a facility/destination, whereas secondary access occurs when the primary facility runs in close proximity to an existing facility/destination. Page 482 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 429 Table K-1: Proposed Facility Weight and Scoring Criteria Score Multiplier Total Description Utility Prioritization Factors Gap Closure 2 3 6 Fills a network gap between two existing facilities 1 3 3 Fills a network gap between an existing facility and a proposed facility 0 3 0 Does not directly or indirectly fill a network gap Connectivity: Existing 2 3 6 Provides direct access to an existing bicycle facility 1 3 3 Provides secondary connectivity to an existing bicycle facility 0 3 0 Does not directly or indirectly access an existing bicycle facility Connectivity: Regional Proposed 2 1 2 Provides direct access to a regional proposed bicycle facility 1 1 1 Provides secondary connectivity to a regional proposed bicycle facility 0 1 0 Does not directly or indirectly access a regional proposed bicycle facility Connectivity: Activity Centers 2 2 4 Provides direct access to a major trip-generating destination 1 2 2 Provides secondary connectivity to a major trip-generating destination 0 2 0 Does not directly or indirectly access an Activity Center Connectivity: Multi-Modal 2 2 4 Provides direct access to a multi-modal transportation center 1 2 2 Provides secondary connectivity to a multi-modal transportation center 0 2 0 Does not directly or indirectly access a multi-modal transportation center Safety 2 1 2 Provides a bicycle facility on a roadway that experienced 3 or more bicycle collisions between 2007-2009 1 1 1 Provides a bicycle facility on a roadway that experienced 1-2 bicycle collisions between 2007-2009 0 1 0 Provides a bicycle facility on a roadway that did not experience any bicycle collisions between 2007-2009 Public Input 2 1 2 Roadway was identified by the public as a desirable for a future facility multiple times 1 1 1 Roadway was identified by the public as desirable for a future facility once 0 1 0 Roadway was not identified by the public as desirable for a future facility Underserved Communities 2 1 2 Serves census tract areas in which over 10.1 percent of households do not own a vehicle 1 1 1 Serves census tract areas in which 3.1 to 10 percent of households do not own a vehicle 0 1 0 Serves census tract areas in which 3 percent or less of households do not own a vehicle Implementation Prioritization Factors Project Cost 2 1 2 Will cost less than $25,000 to implement Page 483 of 535 Appendices 430| Alta Planning + Design Criteria Score Multiplier Total Description 1 1 1 Will cost between $25,001 and $75,000 to implement 0 1 0 Will cost over $75,000 to implement Parking Displacement 2 1 2 Does not require any parking removal 1 1 1 Requires removal of some on-street parking stalls 0 1 0 Requires removal of all on-street parking stalls Page 484 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 431 Appendix L: Proposed Kiosk and Signage Routes Page 485 of 535 Appendices 432 | Alta Planning + Design Page 486 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 433 Page 487 of 535 Appendices 434 | Alta Planning + Design Page 488 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 435 Page 489 of 535 Appendices 436 | Alta Planning + Design Page 490 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 437 Page 491 of 535 Appendices 438 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank. Page 492 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 439 Page 493 of 535 Appendices 440 | Alta Planning + Design This page intentionally left blank Page 494 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 441 Appendix M: Glossary of Terms Word Definition Assembly Bill 1358 California Assembly Bill 1358, also known as the Complete Streets Act of 2008, amended the California Government Code §65302 to require that all major revisions to a city or county’s Circulation Element include provisions for the accommodation of all roadway users including bicyclists and pedestrians. Accommodations include bikeways, sidewalks, crosswalks, and curb extensions.. See section 2.2.2.1 of this plan for more information. Mobility Coordinator A part- or full-time employee dedicated to the implementation of alternative transportation, which can include bicycle program administration. As related to bicycles, a mobility coordinator tracks, coordinates and oversees implementation of bike facilities, programs, grant applications and data collection. Bicycle Facility A street or off-road path designed for bicycle travel Bike Path A completely separated, paved right-of-way designated for the exclusive use of bicycles and pedestrians Bike Lane A restricted right-of-way striped on a street and designated for the exclusive use of bicycles, with crossflows by pedestrians and motorists permitted Bike Route An on-street right-of-way designated by signs or pavement markings to be shared between bicyclists and motorists Bicycle Transportation Account (BTA) An annual program of the State of California providing state funds for city and county projects that improve safety and convenience for bicycle commuters. To establish eligibility for these funds, local agencies must have a Bicycle Transportation Plan that complies with CalTrans requirements in CA Streets and Highways Code Section 891.2. This plan complies with BTA requirements. Class I, II, and III Bikeways State of California definitions for Bicycle Paths, Bicycle Lanes, and Bicycle Routes, respectively, in the California Streets and Highways Code Section 890.4. For additional detail see Section 1.3 of this plan. Complete Streets Complete streets refers to the principle that all transportation improvements should address the safety, access, and mobility of all travelers, including motorists, bicyclists, pedestrians, transit riders, and the disabled. CalTrans Deputy Directive 64 formally states that Caltrans views all transportation improvements as opportunities to improve conditions for all users, and adopts such a policy for all planning, programming, design, construction, operations, and maintenance activities and products on the State Highway System. Bike Friendly Street Local roads that have been enhanced with treatments that prioritize bicycle travel. These treatments include wayfinding signage, pavement markings and traffic calming Bike Station Modeled after the secure indoor bicycle parking facilities provided by the private firm BikeStation, these are locations that provide bicycle storage and other amenities such as showers and bicycle repair stations. They are often located near transit stations. Bike Valet The provision of monitored bicycle parking, typically at a large event Page 495 of 535 Appendices 442 | Alta Planning + Design Word Definition Sharrows Pavement markings denoting the safe and legal riding position for bicyclists. The name “sharrows” derives from “shared-use arrows.” Among other things, sharrows clarify bicyclists’ right to occupy the center of a travel lane, and encourage bicyclists to ride away from parked cars, so that they are not in danger of being struck by opening doors. Page 496 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 443 Appendix N: Complete Streets Policy Language Assembly Bill 1358 California Assembly Bill (AB) 1358, also known as the Complete Streets Act of 2008, amended the California Government Code §65302 to require that all major revisions to a city or county’s Circulation Element include provisions for the accommodation of all roadway users including bicyclists and pedestrians. Accommodations include bikeways, sidewalks, crosswalks, and curb extensions.. See section 2.2.2.1 of this plan for more information. Below is the language from the bill as a reference for the participating South Bay cities when implementing related policies presented in this Plan. AB 1358, Leno. Planning: circulation element: transportation. (1) Existing law requires the legislative body of each county and city to adopt a comprehensive, long-term general plan for the physical development of the county or city with specified elements, including a circulation element consisting of the general location and extent of existing and proposed major thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals, any military airports and ports, and other local public utilities and facilities, all correlated with the land use element of the plan. This bill would require, commencing January 1, 2011, that the legislative body of a city or county, upon any substantive revision of the circulation element of the general plan, modify the circulation element to plan for a balanced, multimodal transportation network that meets the needs of all users of streets, roads, and highways, defined to include motorists, pedestrians, bicyclists, children, persons with disabilities, seniors, movers of commercial goods, and users of public transportation, in a manner that is suitable to the rural, suburban, or urban context of the general plan. By requiring new duties of local officials, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program. (2) Existing law establishes in the Office of the Governor the Office of Planning and Research with duties that include developing and adopting guidelines for the preparation of and content of mandatory elements required in city and county general plans. This bill would require the office, commencing January 1, 2009, and no later than January 1, 2014, upon the next revision of these guidelines, to prepare or amend guidelines for a legislative body to accommodate the safe and convenient travel of users of streets, roads, and highways in a manner that is suitable to the rural, suburban, or urban context of the general plan, and in doing so to consider how appropriate accommodation varies depending on its transportation and land use context. It would authorize the office, in developing these guidelines, to consult with leading transportation experts, including, but not limited to, bicycle transportation planners, pedestrian planners, public transportation planners, local air quality management districts, and disability and senior mobility planners. (3) The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement. This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the California Complete Streets Act of 2008. SEC. 2. The Legislature finds and declares all of the following: (a) The California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, enacted as Chapter 488 of the Statutes of 2006, sets targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in California to slow the onset of human-induced climate change. (b) The State Energy Resources Page 497 of 535 Appendices 444 | Alta Planning + Design Conservation and Development Commission has determined that transportation represents 41 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions in California. (c) According to the United States Department of Transportation's 2001 National Household Travel Survey, 41 percent of trips in urban areas nationwide are two miles or less in length, and 66 percent of urban trips that are one mile or less are made by automobile. (d) Shifting the transportation mode share from single passenger cars to public transit, bicycling, and walking must be a significant part of short- and long-term planning goals if the state is to achieve the reduction in the number of vehicle miles traveled and in greenhouse gas emissions required by current law. (e) Walking and bicycling provide the additional benefits of improving public health and reducing treatment costs for conditions associated with reduced physical activity including obesity, heart disease, lung disease, and diabetes. Medical costs associated with physical inactivity were estimated by the State Department of Health Care Services to be $28 billion in 2005. (f) The California Blueprint for Bicycling and Walking, prepared pursuant to the Supplemental Report of the Budget Act of 2001, sets the goal of a 50 percent increase in bicycling and walking trips in California by 2010, and states that to achieve this goal, bicycling and walking must be considered in land use and community planning, and in all phases of transportation planning and project design. (g) In order to fulfill the commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, make the most efficient use of urban land and transportation infrastructure, and improve public health by encouraging physical activity, transportation planners must find innovative ways to reduce vehicle miles traveled and to shift from short trips in the automobile to biking, walking, and use of public transit. (h) It is the intent of the Legislature to require in the development of the circulation element of a local government's general plan that the circulation of users of streets, roads, and highways be accommodated in a manner suitable for the respective setting in rural, suburban, and urban contexts, and that users of streets, roads, and highways include bicyclists, children, persons with disabilities, motorists, movers of commercial goods, pedestrians, public transportation, and seniors. SEC. 3. Section 65040.2 of the Government Code is amended to read: 65040.2. (a) In connection with its responsibilities under subdivision (l) of Section 65040, the office shall develop and adopt guidelines for the preparation of and the content of the mandatory elements required in city and county general plans by Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3. For purposes of this section, the guidelines prepared pursuant to Section 50459 of the Health and Safety Code shall be the guidelines for the housing element required by Section 65302. In the event that additional elements are hereafter required in city and county general plans by Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3, the office shall adopt guidelines for those elements within six months of the effective date of the legislation requiring those additional elements. (b) The office may request from each state department and agency, as it deems appropriate, and the department or agency shall provide, technical assistance in readopting, amending, or repealing the guidelines. (c) The guidelines shall be advisory to each city and county in order to provide assistance in preparing and maintaining their respective general plans. (d) The guidelines shall contain the guidelines for addressing environmental justice matters developed pursuant to Section 65040.12. (e) The guidelines shall contain advice including recommendations for best practices to allow for collaborative land use planning of adjacent civilian and military lands and facilities. The guidelines shall encourage enhanced land use compatibility between civilian lands and any adjacent or nearby military facilities through the examination of potential impacts upon one another. (f) The guidelines shall contain advice for addressing the effects of civilian development on military readiness activities carried out on all of the following: (1) Military installations. (2) Military operating areas. (3) Military training areas. (4) Military training routes. (5) Military airspace. (6) Other territory Page 498 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 445 adjacent to those installations and areas. (g) By March 1, 2005, the guidelines shall contain advice, developed in consultation with the Native American Heritage Commission, for consulting with California Native American tribes for all of the following: (1) The preservation of, or the mitigation of impacts to, places, features, and objects described in Sections 5097.9 and 5097.993 of the Public Resources Code. (2) Procedures for identifying through the Native American Heritage Commission the appropriate California Native American tribes. (3) Procedures for continuing to protect the confidentiality of information concerning the specific identity, location, character, and use of those places, features, and objects. (4) Procedures to facilitate voluntary landowner participation to preserve and protect the specific identity, location, character, and use of those places, features, and objects. (h) Commencing January 1, 2009, but no later than January 1, 2014, upon the next revision of the guidelines pursuant to subdivision (i), the office shall prepare or amend guidelines for a legislative body to accommodate the safe and convenient travel of users of streets, roads, and highways in a manner that is suitable to the rural, suburban, or urban context of the general plan, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 65302. (1) In developing guidelines, the office shall consider how appropriate accommodation varies depending on its transportation and land use context, including urban, suburban, or rural environments. (2) The office may consult with leading transportation experts including, but not limited to, bicycle transportation planners, pedestrian planners, public transportation planners, local air quality management districts, and disability and senior mobility planners. (i) The office shall provide for regular review and revision of the guidelines established pursuant to this section. SEC. 4. Section 65302 of the Government Code is amended to read: 65302. The general plan shall consist of a statement of development policies and shall include a diagram or diagrams and text setting forth objectives, principles, standards, and plan proposals. The plan shall include the following elements: (a) A land use element that designates the proposed general distribution and general location and extent of the uses of the land for housing, business, industry, open space, including agriculture, natural resources, recreation, and enjoyment of scenic beauty, education, public buildings and grounds, solid and liquid waste disposal facilities, and other categories of public and private uses of land. The location and designation of the extent of the uses of the land for public and private uses shall consider the identification of land and natural resources pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (d). The land use element shall include a statement of the standards of population density and building intensity recommended for the various districts and other territory covered by the plan. The land use element shall identify and annually review those areas covered by the plan that are subject to flooding identified by flood plain mapping prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) or the Department of Water Resources. The land use element shall also do both of the following: (1) Designate in a land use category that provides for timber production those parcels of real property zoned for timberland production pursuant to the California Timberland Productivity Act of 1982 (Chapter 6.7 (commencing with Section 51100) of Part 1 of Division 1 of Title 5). (2) Consider the impact of new growth on military readiness activities carried out on military bases, installations, and operating and training areas, when proposing zoning ordinances or designating land uses covered by the general plan for land, or other territory adjacent to military facilities, or underlying designated military aviation routes and airspace. (A) In determining the impact of new growth on military readiness activities, information provided by military facilities shall be considered. Cities and counties shall address military impacts based on information from the military and other sources. (B) The following definitions govern this paragraph: (i) "Military readiness activities" mean all of the following: (I) Training, support, and operations that prepare the men and women of the military for combat. (II) Operation, maintenance, and security of any military installation. (III) Testing of Page 499 of 535 Appendices 446 | Alta Planning + Design military equipment, vehicles, weapons, and sensors for proper operation or suitability for combat use. (ii) "Military installation" means a base, camp, post, station, yard, center, homeport facility for any ship, or other activity under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Defense as defined in paragraph (1) of subsection (e) of Section 2687 of Title 10 of the United States Code. (b) (1) A circulation element consisting of the general location and extent of existing and proposed major thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals, any military airports and ports, and other local public utilities and facilities, all correlated with the land use element of the plan. (2) (A) Commencing January 1, 2011, upon any substantive revision of the circulation element, the legislative body shall modify the circulation element to plan for a balanced, multimodal transportation network that meets the needs of all users of streets, roads, and highways for safe and convenient travel in a manner that is suitable to the rural, suburban, or urban context of the general plan. (B) For purposes of this paragraph, "users of streets, roads, and highways" means bicyclists, children, persons with disabilities, motorists, movers of commercial goods, pedestrians, users of public transportation, and seniors. (c) A housing element as provided in Article 10.6 (commencing with Section 65580). (d) (1) A conservation element for the conservation, development, and utilization of natural resources including water and its hydraulic force, forests, soils, rivers and other waters, harbors, fisheries, wildlife, minerals, and other natural resources. The conservation element shall consider the effect of development within the jurisdiction, as described in the land use element, on natural resources located on public lands, including military installations. That portion of the conservation element including waters shall be developed in coordination with any countywide water agency and with all district and city agencies, including flood management, water conservation, or groundwater agencies that have developed, served, controlled, managed, or conserved water of any type for any purpose in the county or city for which the plan is prepared. Coordination shall include the discussion and evaluation of any water supply and demand information described in Section 65352.5, if that information has been submitted by the water agency to the city or county. (2) The conservation element may also cover all of the following: (A) The reclamation of land and waters. (B) Prevention and control of the pollution of streams and other waters. (C) Regulation of the use of land in stream channels and other areas required for the accomplishment of the conservation plan. (D) Prevention, control, and correction of the erosion of soils, beaches, and shores. (E) Protection of watersheds. (F) The location, quantity and quality of the rock, sand and gravel resources. (3) Upon the next revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2009, the conservation element shall identify rivers, creeks, streams, flood corridors, riparian habitats, and land that may accommodate floodwater for purposes of groundwater recharge and stormwater management. (e) An open-space element as provided in Article 10.5 (commencing with Section 65560). (f) (1) A noise element that shall identify and appraise noise problems in the community. The noise element shall recognize the guidelines established by the Office of Noise Control and shall analyze and quantify, to the extent practicable, as determined by the legislative body, current and projected noise levels for all of the following sources: (A) Highways and freeways. (B) Primary arterials and major local streets. (C) Passenger and freight on-line railroad operations and ground rapid transit systems. (D) Commercial, general aviation, heliport, helistop, and military airport operations, aircraft overflights, jet engine test stands, and all other ground facilities and maintenance functions related to airport operation. (E) Local industrial plants, including, but not limited to, railroad classification yards. (F) Other ground stationary noise sources, including, but not limited to, military installations, identified by local agencies as contributing to the community noise environment. (2) Noise contours shall be shown for all of these sources and stated in terms of community noise equivalent level (CNEL) or day-night average level (Ldn). The noise contours shall be prepared on the basis of noise monitoring or following generally accepted noise modeling techniques for the various sources Page 500 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 447 identified in paragraphs (1) to (6), inclusive. (3) The noise contours shall be used as a guide for establishing a pattern of land uses in the land use element that minimizes the exposure of community residents to excessive noise. (4) The noise element shall include implementation measures and possible solutions that address existing and foreseeable noise problems, if any. The adopted noise element shall serve as a guideline for compliance with the state's noise insulation standards. (g) (1) A safety element for the protection of the community from any unreasonable risks associated with the effects of seismically induced surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunami, seiche, and dam failure; slope instability leading to mudslides and landslides; subsidence, liquefaction, and other seismic hazards identified pursuant to Chapter 7.8 (commencing with Section 2690) of Division 2 of the Public Resources Code, and other geologic hazards known to the legislative body; flooding; and wildland and urban fires. The safety element shall include mapping of known seismic and other geologic hazards. It shall also address evacuation routes, military installations, peakload water supply requirements, and minimum road widths and clearances around structures, as those items relate to identified fire and geologic hazards. (2) The safety element, upon the next revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2009, shall also do the following: (A) Identify information regarding flood hazards, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) Flood hazard zones. As used in this subdivision, "flood hazard zone" means an area subject to flooding that is delineated as either a special hazard area or an area of moderate or minimal hazard on an official flood insurance rate map issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The identification of a flood hazard zone does not imply that areas outside the flood hazard zones or uses permitted within flood hazard zones will be free from flooding or flood damage. (ii) National Flood Insurance Program maps published by FEMA. (iii) Information about flood hazards that is available from the United States Army Corps of Engineers. (iv) Designated floodway maps that are available from the Central Valley Flood Protection Board. (v) Dam failure inundation maps prepared pursuant to Section 8589.5 that are available from the Office of Emergency Services. (vi) Awareness Floodplain Mapping Program maps and 200-year flood plain maps that are or may be available from, or accepted by, the Department of Water Resources. (vii) Maps of levee protection zones. (viii) Areas subject to inundation in the event of the failure of project or nonproject levees or floodwalls. (ix) Historical data on flooding, including locally prepared maps of areas that are subject to flooding, areas that are vulnerable to flooding after wildfires, and sites that have been repeatedly damaged by flooding. (x) Existing and planned development in flood hazard zones, including structures, roads, utilities, and essential public facilities. (xi) Local, state, and federal agencies with responsibility for flood protection, including special districts and local offices of emergency services. (B) Establish a set of comprehensive goals, policies, and objectives based on the information identified pursuant to subparagraph (A), for the protection of the community from the unreasonable risks of flooding, including, but not limited to: (i) Avoiding or minimizing the risks of flooding to new development. (ii) Evaluating whether new development should be located in flood hazard zones, and identifying construction methods or other methods to minimize damage if new development is located in flood hazard zones. (iii) Maintaining the structural and operational integrity of essential public facilities during flooding. (iv) Locating, when feasible, new essential public facilities outside of flood hazard zones, including hospitals and health care facilities, emergency shelters, fire stations, emergency command centers, and emergency communications facilities or identifying construction methods or other methods to minimize damage if these facilities are located in flood hazard zones. (v) Establishing cooperative working relationships among public agencies with responsibility for flood protection. (C) Establish a set of feasible implementation measures designed to carry out the goals, policies, and objectives established pursuant to subparagraph (B). (3) After the initial revision of the safety element pursuant to paragraph (2), upon each revision of the housing Page 501 of 535 Appendices 448 | Alta Planning + Design element, the planning agency shall review and, if necessary, revise the safety element to identify new information that was not available during the previous revision of the safety element. (4) Cities and counties that have flood plain management ordinances that have been approved by FEMA that substantially comply with this section, or have substantially equivalent provisions to this subdivision in their general plans, may use that information in the safety element to comply with this subdivision, and shall summarize and incorporate by reference into the safety element the other general plan provisions or the flood plain ordinance, specifically showing how each requirement of this subdivision has been met. (5) Prior to the periodic review of its general plan and prior to preparing or revising its safety element, each city and county shall consult the California Geological Survey of the Department of Conservation, the Central Valley Flood Protection Board, if the city or county is located within the boundaries of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Drainage District, as set forth in Section 8501 of the Water Code, and the Office of Emergency Services for the purpose of including information known by and available to the department, the office, and the board required by this subdivision. (6) To the extent that a county's safety element is sufficiently detailed and contains appropriate policies and programs for adoption by a city, a city may adopt that portion of the county's safety element that pertains to the city's planning area in satisfaction of the requirement imposed by this subdivision. SEC. 5. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution because a local agency or school district has the authority to levy service charges, fees, or assessments sufficient to pay for the program or level of service mandated by this act, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code. Complete Streets Policy Elements According to the National Coalition for Complete Streets (http://www.completestreets.org/changing- policy/policy-elements/), an ideal complete streets policy:  Includes a vision for how and why the community wants to complete its streets  Specifies that ‘all users’ includes pedestrians, bicyclists and transit passengers of all ages and abilities, as well as trucks, buses and automobiles.  Applies to both new and retrofit projects, including design, planning, maintenance, and operations, for the entire right of way.  Makes any exceptions specific and sets a clear procedure that requires high-level approval of exceptions.  Encourages street connectivity and aims to create a comprehensive, integrated, connected network for all modes.  Is adoptable by all agencies to cover all roads.  Directs the use of the latest and best design criteria and guidelines while recognizing the need for flexibility in balancing user needs.  Directs that complete streets solutions will complement the context of the community.  Establishes performance standards with measurable outcomes.  Includes specific next steps for implementation of the policy Page 502 of 535 Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition and South Bay Bicycle Coalition South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Alta Planning + Design | 449 Appendix O: Summary of Public Comments Received During the South Bay Bicycle Master Plan’s public review period from June 13-July 13, 2011, the South Bay Bicycle Coalition received 105 comments from the public. 25 of the commenters were in full support of the Plan. Four were generally against the Plan for various reasons, including bicyclists’ disobedience of traffic laws, the high cost of Plan implementation in a recession, and the Plan not being representative of the general public. The majority of the remaining comments were critiques of specific proposals within the Plan rather than statements of general support or opposition. Alta Planning + Design, the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition, and the South Bay Bicycle Coalition addressed critiques to the Plan through revisions to the proposed bicycle network and policies as appropriate and feasible. Below is a summary of the comments received from the public. A complete list of comments can be found at www.SouthBayBicycleCoalition.org. General Comments Many of the public comments received were general in nature and included requests for additional bicycle resources, improved bicycle safety, increased or decreased signage, changes to City municipal codes, and additional information regarding laws pertaining to sidewalk riding. There was also desire for stronger policy language and increased policies in order drive accountability of plan implementation for participating South Bay cities. Other comments about implementation included the suggestion that the cities focus first on high priority projects, that bikeway installation be coordinated with City resurfacing schedules, and that participating cities should work together after Plan adoption, as well as with the cities of Hawthorne and Los Angeles. Specific Comments Many of the comments received from the public were either in support of or opposition to specific facilities; such as support for the proposed bike friendly street on Ocean Drive and bike lanes on Douglas Street, and opposition to the proposed bike routes on Valley Drive/Ardmore Avenue and Highland Avenue. Other specific comments were requests for additional facilities and treatments, including the desire for bicycle facilities on Pacific Coast Highway and Sepulveda Boulevard; traffic calming on Prospect Avenue, Harkness Avenue, and Aviation Boulevard; improved safety as Redondo Beach Boulevard transitions to Grant Avenue at the Torrance/Lawndale/Redondo border; and bikeways to provide connectivity to Walking School Bus maps. Comments on specific facilities also came from the Metro Green Line extension team, who requested the extents of the recommended bike path along the proposed Green Line alignment be changed to accurately reflect the facilities they are planning. Additionally, many supporters of special interest group Friends of the South Bay Bicycle Paths expressed criticisms via email and a signed petition of the proposed cycle track (bike path) on Harbor Drive in Redondo Beach, citing safety concerns. Conversely, several supportive comments of that same Harbor Drive facility were also received from various lease holders in the Harbor Area. Some specific comments received focused on changes to existing bicycle facilities, including removal of the wall at the south end of the Hermosa Beach strand, finding a more convenient way to access Harbor Drive from Hermosa Beach, and concerns about the bi-directional bicycle lanes along Hermosa Avenue. This level of Page 503 of 535 Appendices 450 | Alta Planning + Design specificity is looked at more closely during the design and engineering of each facility and is generally beyond the purview of the master planning effort. In addition to facility-specific comments, there were a number of comments that posed questions regarding terminology and methodology used in various parts of the plan, as well as the structure of the public workshops. Participating City Comments Along with public comment, City staff from each of the seven participating cities also provided comments, the majority of which pertained to the verbiage used in the policies found in Chapter Two. The most common request from City staff was for the language to be softened to include such verbiage as “consider” or “to the extent feasible.” City staff also requested the removal of a number of proposed facilities including the bike lanes on Hawthorne Blvd. and Crenshaw Blvd. in Torrance, the class I bike path behind the Scattergood treatment facility in El Segundo, and the removal of proposed bike lanes along Van Ness Ave., Normandie Ave., Rosecrans Ave., Manhattan Beach Blvd. and sections of Western Ave., Artesia Ave. and Redondo Beach Blvd. in Gardena. The majority of these comments were addressed through revisions to policy language and the proposed network, or proposals of alternative policies or facilities. Page 504 of 535 132 | CHAPTER 3: MOBILITY Figure 3.9 Intended Bicycle and Multi-Use Facilities Page 505 of 535 Current State of PLAN Hermosa’s Intended Bicycle and Multi-Use Facilities Implemented bike lane along Hermosa Ave from 26th St to 25th St. Partially in place because bike lane temporarily drops Implemented sharrows as plan proposed along Longfellow Ave from Hermosa Ave to Valley Dr. Partially in Place - not a true bike blvd as there are no traffic calming elementsExisting Class IV bike lane along Hermosa Ave from 35th St to 27th St Implemented bike lane along Hermosa Ave from 25th St to 24th St Segment not included in original plan; enhanced with sharrows along Ardmore Dr from Pier Ave to Boundary Pl Implemented sharrows on Hermosa Ave from 24th St to 14th St Implemented sharrows; plan calls for buffered bike lane or multi- use path along Prospect Ave from Herondo Ave to Artesia Blvd Implemented sharrows as plan proposed along Monterey Blvd from Herondo Ave to Manhattan Ave. Partially in place - not a true bike blvd as there are no traffic calming elements Shared Roadway, No designation Upgraded from sharrows to bike lanes along Hermosa Ave from 14th St to 8th St and Pier Ave from Hermosa Ave to Valley Dr Implemented sharrows instead of bike lane along Hermosa Ave from Herondo Ave to 8th St Existing Class I bike lane along The Strand from Herondo Ave to 35th St Implemented sharrows on 22nd St from Manhattan Ave to The Strand. Partially in Place - not a true bike blvd as there are no traffic calming elements Page 506 of 535 PLAN HERMOSA | 131 Figure 3.8 Intended Pedestrian Facilities Page 507 of 535 LIVING STREETS STUDY SESSION October 14, 2024 Page 508 of 535 What is a Living Street? •Promote health and mobility for the needs of all roadway users and abilities; •Enhance safety and security for all users; •Incorporate inviting streetscapes to foster economic development; •Integrate sustainability and conservation principles;and •Design for people Page 509 of 535 Ongoing Challenges e-bikes and sidewalk riding Pedestrian access Intersection safety 2 1 3 Page 510 of 535 Opportunity South Bay •70% of car trips in the South Bay average 3 miles or less Source: SBCCOG BEV Project, 2015 BEV: Battery electric vehicles ICE: Internal combustion engine Page 511 of 535 Ongoing Efforts •Integration of Living Streets Elements in CIP •Bike Smart Hermosa, 2022 o 3 E's: Education Enforcement Engineering Page 512 of 535 Background PLAN Hermosa LA County Bicycle Master Plan City Living Streets Policy South Bay Bicycle Master Plan 2011 2012 2017 2018 2020 Model Design Manual for Living Streets South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Update Outdoor Dining & bicycle lanes downtown 2024 2022 ADA Self- Evaluation and Transition Plan Page 513 of 535 2011 South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Background •Partnership between Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition (LACBC) and South Bay Bicycle Coalition (SBBC) •Seven cities represented in master plan: Hermosa Beach,El Segundo, Gardena,Lawndale, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, and Torrance Page 514 of 535 •Plan outlines over 200 miles of regional bicycle network •Proposes a series of interconnected bikeways, bike parking facilities, and associated programs and policies throughout South Bay •Council adopted 2011 2011 SOUTH BAY BICYCLE MASTER PLAN Page 515 of 535 PLAN Hermosa – 2017 Intended Bike Network Page 516 of 535 PLAN Hermosa – Implementation Page 517 of 535 Planned Bicycle Improvements •Annual Street Improvements (CIP 105) Proposed Work •Roadway resurfacing •New ADA curb ramps •Limited green bicycle markings on Pier Ave •New bike lane segment Pier Ave eastbound from Ardmore to PCH •Sharrows on Valley Drive Pier Ave Page 518 of 535 Planned Bicycle Improvements •PCH and Aviation Blvd Mobility Improvement Project (CIP 143) Aviation Blvd Scope of Work •Project Approval / Environmental Document (PAED) document underway (early stages) •Led by Metro in coordination with Caltrans •Evaluation of complete street elements to improve mobility, accessibility, aesthetics, and safety for all users identified in the 2015 Project Study Report Page 519 of 535 Deferred & Unfunded Future Bicycle Projects •Hermosa Avenue Greenwich Village Street Realignment •The Strand Bikeway and Walkway Improvements at 35th Street Page 520 of 535 PLAN Hermosa, Bicycle Facility Categories Type Classification Description Multi-use Path Class I Two-way facility separated from motor vehicles, typically mixed use. Shared Roadway No designation Street segment that functions as a space for multiple users, without delineations for each mode. Bike Lane Class II Bike lanes, or buffered bike lanes, provides preferential or exclusive use of a portion of the roadway Sharrows Class III Sharrow markings and signs, alert motorists that bicycles “may use full lane.” Bike Boulevard Class III Shared travel lane,low volume and low speed roadway,typically treated with traffic calming features.Page 521 of 535 Bicycle Facility Types: Class I •Dedicated bicycle right- of-way •Separated from car traffic •Dedicated off-street travel Page 522 of 535 Bicycle Facility Types: Class II •Designed to accommodate cyclists •A dedicated, striped lane •Special treatments to increase visibility Page 523 of 535 Bicycle Facility Types: Class III •Shared use with vehicles •Designate preferred routes •Identified with signage or pavement markings •Reminds users to share the road Page 524 of 535 Bicycle Facility Types: Class IV •On-street facility •Buffered by some kind of physical barrier Page 525 of 535 Four Categories of Bicyclists Typical Distribution of Bicyclists in the United States Source: 2011 Bicycle Master Plan Page 526 of 535 SOUTH BAY BICYCLE COALITION PLUS MASTER PLAN UPDATE AND STORY MAP •Primary update: call for protected Class IV bike lanes in lieu of Class II, where feasible. •New Story Map with GIS overlays •Interactive Map for Living Master Plan •Contact SBCC+ to get involved Page 527 of 535 SOUTH BAY BICYCLE COALITION PLUS - WEBSITE •Interactive Map Page 528 of 535 SOUTH BAY BICYCLE COALITION PLUS Submit Feedback Get Involved Page 529 of 535 PLAN Hermosa – 2017 Intended Pedestrian Facilities Page 530 of 535 Other Completed Projects Pier Avenue Improvements: widened sidewalks, bulb outs, all-pedestrian phase at Hermosa Avenue 2010 2018 Hermosa Avenue paving project: Installed bulb outs and decorative crossings Page 531 of 535 Other Completed Projects PCH ADA and Sidewalk Improvements: repaired sidewalks, installed ADA curb ramps, new east- west crosswalk at Pier Avenue and PCH 2019 2019 8th Street Sidewalk Improvement: Restored City right-of-way and created a complete and accessible sidewalk route along 8th Street from Valley Drive to Hermosa Avenue 2022 Adopted an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Transition Plan Page 532 of 535 Other Completed Projects Installed ~40 bike racks, accommodating storage for 80 bikes throughout the City 2022-2024 2023 Business Activity District and School Zone Speed Limit Update: lowered speed limits by 5 mph The Strand Pedestrian Safety Pilot Project: Installed barricades along The Strand 2023 2024 Pedestrian Crossing Safety Improvements Phase 1: Installed rectangular rapid- flashing beacons (RRFB) at several crosswalks Page 533 of 535 Other Ongoing Efforts •Review of Traffic Safety Requests(~110 per year) o Vehicle travel speeds o Greenbelt access o Valley and Ardmore at Pier and Gould •Coordination with Police on severe crashes •Assembly Bill (AB) 43, Safety Corridors Page 534 of 535 Looking Ahead •Continue to identify opportunities to integrate living streets elements in projects •Ongoing collaboration with SBBC+, and neighboring cities, on South Bay Bicycle Master Plan Update – encourage community participation •Community encouraged to continue reaching out to public works with roadway safety concerns to help identify issues and inform future CIP programming. 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